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County flowers of the United Kingdom

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In 2002 Plantlife conducted a "County Flowers" public survey to assign flowers to each of the counties of the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man.[1] The results of this campaign designated a single plant species to a "county or metropolitan area" in the UK and Isle of Man.[2] Some English counties already had flowers traditionally associated with them before 2002,[3] and which were different from those assigned to them by Plantlife, including the white rose for Yorkshire (assigned the harebell), the poppy for Norfolk (assigned the Alexanders), and the cowslip for Essex (assigned the poppy). Some flowers were assigned to multiple counties.

England

[edit]
County Image Common name Scientific name County status Shared
Bedfordshire Bee orchid bee orchid[4] Ophrys apifera native
Berkshire Summer snowflake summer snowflake[5] Leucojum aestivum native
Bristol Maltese-cross Maltese-cross[6] Silene chalcedonica casual
Buckinghamshire Chiltern gentian Chiltern gentian[7] Gentianella germanica native
Cambridgeshire Pasqueflower pasqueflower[8][9] Pulsatilla vulgaris native Hertfordshire
Cheshire Cuckooflower cuckooflower[10] Cardamine pratensis native Brecknockshire
Cornwall Cornish heath Cornish heath[11] Erica vagans native
County Durham Spring gentian spring gentian[12] Gentiana verna native
Cumberland Grass-of-Parnassus grass-of-Parnassus[13] Parnassia palustris native Sutherland
Derbyshire Jacob's-ladder[14] Polemonium caeruleum native
Devon Primrose primrose[15] Primula vulgaris native
Dorset Dorset heath Dorset heath[16] Erica ciliaris native
Essex Common poppy common poppy[17] Papaver rhoeas native Norfolk
Gloucestershire Wild daffodil wild daffodil[18] Narcissus pseudonarcissus native
Greater Manchester Common cotton-grass common cotton-grass[19] Eriophorum angustifolium native
Hampshire Dog-rose dog-rose[20] Rosa canina native
Herefordshire Mistletoe mistletoe[21] Viscum album native
Hertfordshire Pasqueflower pasqueflower[8][9] Pulsatilla vulgaris native Cambridgeshire
Huntingdonshire Water-violet water-violet[22] Hottonia palustris native
Isle of Wight Pyramidal orchid pyramidal orchid[23] Anacamptis pyramidalis native
Isles of Scilly Thrift thrift[24] Armeria maritima native Bute & Pembrokeshire
Kent Hop hop[25] Humulus lupulus native
Lancashire Red rose red rose[26] Rosa gallica officinalis absent
Leeds Bilberry bilberry[27] Vaccinium myrtillus native
Leicestershire Foxglove foxglove[28] Digitalis purpurea native Argyll, Monmouthshire & West Midlands
Lincolnshire Viola riviniana common dog-violet[29] Viola riviniana native
London Rosebay willowherb rosebay willowherb[30] Epilobium angustifolium native
Merseyside Sea-holly sea-holly[31] Eryngium maritimum native
Middlesex Wood anemone wood anemone[32] Anemone nemorosa native
Norfolk Common poppy common poppy[17][a] Papaver rhoeas native Essex
Northamptonshire Cowslip cowslip[35] Primula veris native Surrey & Worcestershire
Northumberland Bloody crane's-bill bloody crane's-bill[36] Geranium sanguineum native
Nottingham Nottingham catchfly Nottingham catchfly[37] Silene nutans native
Nottinghamshire Autumn crocus autumn crocus[38] Crocus nudiflorus archaeophyte
Oxfordshire Snake's-head fritillary snake's-head fritillary[39] Fritillaria meleagris native
Rutland Clustered bellflower clustered bellflower[40] Campanula glomerata native
Sheffield Wood crane's-bill wood crane's-bill[41] Geranium sylvaticum native
Shropshire Round-leaved sundew round-leaved sundew[42] Drosera rotundifolia native
Somerset Cheddar pink Cheddar pink[43] Dianthus gratianopolitanus native
Staffordshire Heather heather[44] Calluna vulgaris native
Suffolk Oxlip oxlip[45] Primula elatior native
Surrey Cowslip cowslip[35] Primula veris native Northamptonshire & Worcestershire
Sussex Round-headed rampion round-headed rampion[46] Phyteuma orbiculare native
Tyne and Wear Monkeyflower monkeyflower[47] Mimulus guttatus neophyte
Warwickshire Honeysuckle honeysuckle[48] Lonicera periclymenum native
West Midlands Foxglove foxglove[28] Digitalis purpurea native Argyll, Leicestershire & Monmouthshire
Westmorland Alpine Forget-me-Not alpine forget-me-not[49] Myosotis alpestris native
Wiltshire Burnt-tip orchid burnt-tip orchid[50] Neotinea ustulata native
Worcestershire Cowslip cowslip[35] Primula veris native Northamptonshire & Surrey
Yorkshire Harebell harebell[51] Campanula rotundifolia native Antrim & Dumfriesshire

Isle of Man

[edit]
County Image Common name Scientific name County status Shared
Isle of Man[b] Fuchsia magellanica fuchsia[53] Fuchsia magellanica neophyte

Northern Ireland

[edit]
County Image Common name Scientific name County status Shared
Antrim Harebell harebell[51] Campanula rotundifolia native Dumfriesshire & Yorkshire
Armagh Cowbane cowbane[54] Cicuta virosa native
Belfast Gorse gorse[55] Ulex europaeus native
Londonderry Purple saxifrage purple saxifrage[56] Saxifraga oppositifolia native
Down Spring squill spring squill[57] Scilla verna native
Fermanagh Globeflower globeflower[58] Trollius europaeus native
Tyrone Bog-rosemary bog-rosemary[59] Andromeda polifolia native Ceredigion & Kirkcudbright

Scotland

[edit]
County Image Common name Scientific name County status Shared
Aberdeenshire Bearberry bearberry[60] Arctostaphylos uva-ursi native
Angus Alpine catchfly Alpine catchfly[61] Silene suecica native
Argyll Foxglove foxglove[28] Digitalis purpurea native Leicestershire, Monmouthshire & West Midlands
Ayrshire Green-winged orchid green-winged orchid[62] Anacamptis morio native
Banffshire Dark red helleborine dark-red helleborine[63] Epipactis atrorubens native
Berwickshire Common Rock-rose rock-rose[64] Helianthemum nummularium native
Bute Thrift thrift[24] Armeria maritima native Isles of Scilly & Pembrokeshire
Caithness Scottish primrose Scottish primrose[65] Primula scotica native
Clackmannanshire Opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage[66] Chrysosplenium oppositifolium native
Cromarty Spring cinquefoil spring cinquefoil[67] Potentilla neumanniana native
Dumfriesshire Harebell harebell[51] Campanula rotundifolia native Antrim & Yorkshire
Dunbartonshire Lesser water-plantain lesser water-plantain[68] Baldellia ranunculoides native
East Lothian Viper's-bugloss viper's-bugloss[69] Echium vulgare native
Fife Coralroot orchid coralroot orchid[70] Corallorrhiza trifida native
Glasgow Broom broom[71] Cytisus scoparius native
Inverness-shire Twinflower twinflower[72] Linnaea borealis native
Kinross Holy-grass holy-grass[73] Hierochloe odorata native
Kirkcudbright Bog-rosemary bog-rosemary[59] Andromeda polifolia native Ceredigion & Tyrone
Lanarkshire Dune helleborine dune helleborine[74] Epipactis leptochila native
Midlothian Sticky catchfly sticky catchfly[75] Silene viscaria native
Moray One-flowered wintergreen one-flowered wintergreen[76] Moneses uniflora native
Nairn Chickweed wintergreen chickweed wintergreen[77] Trientalis europaea native
Orkney Alpine bearberry Alpine bearberry[78] Arctostaphylos alpina native
Peeblesshire Cloudberry cloudberry[79] Rubus chamaemorus native
Perthshire Alpine gentian Alpine gentian[80] Gentiana nivalis native
Renfrewshire Bogbean bogbean[81] Menyanthes trifoliata native
Ross Bog asphodel bog asphodel[82] Narthecium ossifragum native
Roxburghshire Maiden pink maiden pink[83] Dianthus deltoides native
Selkirkshire Mountain pansy mountain pansy[84] Viola lutea native
Shetland Shetland mouse-ear Shetland mouse-ear[85] Cerastium nigrescens native
Stirlingshire Scottish dock Scottish dock[86] Rumex aquaticus native
Sutherland Grass-of-Parnassus grass-of-Parnassus[13] Parnassia palustris native Cumbria
West Lothian Common spotted-orchid common spotted-orchid[87] Dactylorhiza fuchsii native
Western Isles Hebridean spotted-orchid Hebridean spotted-orchid[88] Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. hebridensis native
Wigtownshire Yellow iris yellow iris[89] Iris pseudacorus native

Wales

[edit]
County Image Common name Scientific name County status Shared
Anglesey Spotted rock-rose spotted rock-rose[90] Tuberaria guttata native
Brecknockshire Cuckooflower cuckooflower[10] Cardamine pratensis native Cheshire
Caernarfonshire Snowdon lily Snowdon lily[91] Gagea serotina, syn. Lloydia serotina native
Cardiff Wild leek wild leek[92] Allium ampeloprasum native
Carmarthenshire Whorled caraway whorled caraway[93] Carum verticillatum native
Ceredigion Bog-rosemary bog-rosemary[59] Andromeda polifolia native Kirkcudbright & Tyrone
Denbighshire Limestone woundwort limestone woundwort[94] Stachys alpina native
Flintshire Bell heather bell heather[95] Erica cinerea native
Glamorgan Draba aizoides yellow whitlow-grass[96] Draba aizoides native
Merioneth Welsh poppy Welsh poppy[97] Papaver cambricum native
Monmouthshire Foxglove foxglove[28] Digitalis purpurea native Argyll, Leicestershire & West Midlands
Montgomeryshire Spiked speedwell spiked speedwell[98] Veronica spicata native
Pembrokeshire Thrift thrift[24] Armeria maritima native Bute & Isles of Scilly
Radnorshire Radnor lily Radnor lily[99] Gagea bohemica native

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Initially, Alexanders was selected for Norfolk, with poppy selected for Essex alone. Public pressure led to change,[33][34]
  2. ^ The Isle of Man has a traditional national flower (it is not a county), the "Cushag" or ragwort.[52]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Fans pick the flowers that have grown on them". The Guardian. 5 May 2004. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  2. ^ Greer, Germaine (5 October 2002). "Country notebook: vote for the poppy". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
  3. ^ "The floral emblem of your county". The Daily Telegraph. 5 May 2004. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  4. ^ "Bee orchid". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  5. ^ "Summer snowflake". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  6. ^ "Maltese-cross". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  7. ^ "Chiltern gentian". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  8. ^ a b "East of England". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  9. ^ a b "Pasqueflower". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  10. ^ a b "Cuckooflower". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  11. ^ "Cornish heath". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  12. ^ "Spring gentian". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  13. ^ a b "Grass-of-Parnassus". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2017-01-02. Retrieved 2017-03-13.
  14. ^ "Jacob's-ladder". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  15. ^ "Primrose". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  16. ^ "Dorset heath". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  17. ^ a b "Poppy (Common)". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  18. ^ "Daffodil (wild)". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  19. ^ "Cotton-grass (Common)". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  20. ^ "Dog-rose". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  21. ^ "Mistletoe". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  22. ^ "Water-violet". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  23. ^ "Pyramidal orchid". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  24. ^ a b c "Thrift". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  25. ^ "Hop". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  26. ^ "Red rose". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  27. ^ "Bilberry". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  28. ^ a b c d "Foxglove". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  29. ^ "Dog-violet (Common)". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  30. ^ "Rosebay willowherb". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  31. ^ "Sea-holly". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  32. ^ "Wood anemone". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  33. ^ "Norfolk's 'flower emblem' is a weed". Eastern Daily Press. 5 May 2004. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27.
  34. ^ "On-line Search". Eastern Daily Press. 25 May 2004.[dead link‍]
  35. ^ a b c "Cowslip". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  36. ^ "Bloody crane's-bill". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  37. ^ "Nottingham catchfly". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  38. ^ "Autumn crocus". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  39. ^ "Fritillary". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  40. ^ "Clustered bellflower". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  41. ^ "Wood crane's-bill". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  42. ^ "Round-leaved sundew". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  43. ^ "Cheddar pink". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  44. ^ "Heather". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  45. ^ "Oxlip". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  46. ^ "Round-headed rampion". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  47. ^ "Monkeyflower". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  48. ^ "Honeysuckle". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  49. ^ "Alpine Forget-me-not". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  50. ^ "Burnt-tip Orchid". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  51. ^ a b c "Harebell". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  52. ^ "National Flower". Island Facts. Isle of Man Government. Archived from the original on 2007-05-10.
  53. ^ "Fuchsia". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  54. ^ "Cowbane". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  55. ^ "Gorse". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  56. ^ "Purple saxifrage". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  57. ^ "Spring squill". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  58. ^ "Globeflower". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  59. ^ a b c "Bog-rosemary". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  60. ^ "Bearberry". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  61. ^ "Alpine catchfly". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  62. ^ "Green-winged orchid". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  63. ^ "Dark-red helleborine". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  64. ^ "Rock-rose". Plantlife. Archived from the original on 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  65. ^ "Scottish primrose". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  66. ^ "Opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  67. ^ "Spring cinquefoil". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  68. ^ "Lesser water-plantain". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  69. ^ "Viper's-bugloss". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  70. ^ "Coralroot orchid". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  71. ^ "Broom". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  72. ^ "Twinflower". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  73. ^ "Holy-grass". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  74. ^ "Dune helleborine". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  75. ^ "Sticky catchfly". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  76. ^ "One-flowered wintergreen". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  77. ^ "Chickweed wintergreen". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  78. ^ "Alpine bearberry". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  79. ^ "Cloudberry". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  80. ^ "Alpine gentian". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  81. ^ "Bogbean". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  82. ^ "Bog asphodel". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  83. ^ "Maiden pink". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  84. ^ "Viola lutea". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.[permanent dead link‍]
  85. ^ "Shetland mouse-ear". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  86. ^ "Scottish dock". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  87. ^ "Common spotted-orchid". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  88. ^ "Hebridean spotted-orchid". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  89. ^ "Yellow iris". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  90. ^ "Spotted rock-rose". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  91. ^ "Snowdon lily". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  92. ^ "Wild leek". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  93. ^ "Whorled caraway". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  94. ^ "Limestone woundwort". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  95. ^ "Bell heather". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  96. ^ "Yellow whitlow grass". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  97. ^ "Welsh poppy". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  98. ^ "Spiked speedwell". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  99. ^ "Radnor lily". Plantlife. Retrieved 2018-07-06.

Bibliography

[edit]
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