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Crown Prince Hyojang

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Yi Haeng
이행
Crown Prince of Joseon
Tenure7 April 1725 – 16 December 1728
PredecessorCrown Prince Yi Yun
SuccessorCrown Prince Yi Seon
Born(1719-04-04)April 4, 1719
Prince Yeoning's private residence, Hanseong, Joseon
DiedDecember 16, 1728(1728-12-16) (aged 9)
Jinsudang Hall, Changgyeonggung, Hanseong, Joseon
Burial
Yeongneung Tombs, Samneung Cluster, Paju, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
SpouseCrown Princess Hyosun
IssueYi San, King Jeongjo of Joseon (adoptive)
Posthumous name
  • Joseon: Crown Prince Hyojang → King Onyang Yemyeong Cheolmun Hyojang the Great
    • 효장세자 → 온량예명철문효장대왕
    • 孝章世子 → 溫良睿明哲文孝章大王
  • Korean Empire: Emperor Onyang Yemyeong Cheolmun Hyojang So
    • 온량예명철문효장소황제
    • 溫良睿明哲文孝章昭皇帝
Temple name
Jinjong (Korean: 진종; Hanja: 真宗)
ClanJeonju Yi clan
DynastyHouse of Yi
FatherYeongjo of Joseon
Mother
ReligionNeo-Confucianism
Korean name
Hangul
효장세자
Hanja
Revised RomanizationHyojang Seja
McCune–ReischauerHyochang Secha
Birth name
Hangul
이행
Hanja
李緈
Revised RomanizationI Haeng
McCune–ReischauerYi Haeng
Courtesy name
Hangul
성경
Hanja
聖敬
Revised RomanizationSeonggyeong
McCune–ReischauerSŏngkyŏng
Temple name
Hangul
진종
Hanja
眞宗
Revised RomanizationJinjong
McCune–ReischauerJinchong

Crown Prince Hyojang (Korean: 효장세자; Hanja: 孝章世子; April 4, 1719 – December 16, 1728), personal name Yi Haeng (이행; 李緈), was the first son of King Yeongjo of Joseon and his concubine, Royal Noble Consort Jeong of the Hamyang Yi clan. In 1762, 34 years after his death, he became the adoptive father of his half-nephew, the future King Jeongjo.

Biography

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Yi Haeng was the first son and second child of Yi Geum, Prince Yeoning (later King Yeongjo), by one of his concubines, Lady Yi of the Hamyang Yi clan (함양 이씨; 咸陽 李氏), a former court lady.[1] He was born during the reign of his grandfather King Sukjong, but his birth was not made public, because his biological grandmother, Royal Noble Consort Suk, had died the previous year.

In 1720, King Sukjong was succeeded by his eldest son, Crown Prince Yi Yun (King Gyeongjong). As the new King was childless, his half-brother, Prince Yeoning, was appointed as Crown Prince (왕세제; 王世弟).

Hyojang's biological mother, Lady Yi, died the following year.

In 1724, after the death of King Gyeongjong, Yeoning was crowned as King Yeongjo, the 21st Joseon monarch. Yi Haeng was then given the title Prince Gyeongui (경의군; 敬義君) and in 1725, he was appointed as Crown Prince.

In 1726, Yeongjo selected Lady Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan, the only daughter of Jo Mun-myeong and a niece of Jo Hyeon-myeong, as his son's wife.

In 1728, the Crown Prince died in the palace Changgyeonggung, at the age of 9, after being ill for some months. The cause of his illness is unknown.[1] His death was devastating to King Yeongjo, who later gave Yi Haeng the posthumous name Hyojang.

His wife, who was later honored as Queen Hyosun, outlived by more than two decades. They are buried together, in the Samneung Cluster, in Paju, Gyeonggi Province. Their tombs are known as Yeongneung.[2]

After death

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In 1735, seven years after his death, his half-brother Yi Seon (later known as Crown Prince Sado) was born and succeeded Hyojang as Crown Prince. In 1762, Sado was imprisoned in a wooden rice chest at the order of his father, King Yeongjo, and died 8 days later, leaving his son, Yi San, as the only royal male heir. Yeongjo was concerned that Yi San, being Sado's child, would be branded as "the son of a sinner" and thus become ineligible to succeed the throne, so in February 1764, he decreed that Yi San would become the adoptive son of the long-dead Crown Prince Hyojang.[3]

In 1776, King Yeongjo died of dementia and Yi San succeeded him as King Jeongjo. Surprisingly, on his coronation day, he announced to his courtiers, "I am the son of Crown Prince Sado".[4] In spite of this, Jeongjo respected the wishes of his grandfather and honored his adoptive father as King, and granted him the temple name Jinjong (진종; 眞宗). Hyojang's wife, the late Crown Princess Hyosun, was also honored as Queen.

In 1907, Hyojang was elevated to Emperor So (소황제; 昭皇帝) by Sunjong of Korea.

Family

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Consort(s) and their issue(s)

  1. Queen Hyosun of the Pungyang Jo clan (효순왕후 조씨; 8 January 1716 – 30 December 1751)
    1. Yi San, King Jeongjo (정조 이산; 28 October 1752 – 18 August 1800)— adoptive son

Ancestry

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b 10살 때 요절한 효장세자 사후 양자 정조가 "아바마마" The Dongah Weekly 2010.12.27. (in Korean)
  2. ^ 명당과 풍수 그리고 왕릉 Ohmynews 2004.09.24. (in Korean)
  3. ^ 인정전 월대에서 친히 향을 전하다. 육상궁에 배알하고 창의궁에 들르다
  4. ^ "과인은 사도세자의 아들이다" Ohmynews 2006.10.13. (in Korean)
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