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David de la Croix

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David de la Croix
David de la Croix in 2020
Born (1964-04-22) 22 April 1964 (age 60)
Lille
NationalityBelgian
Academic career
Fieldeconomic growth, demographic economics
InstitutionUniversité catholique de Louvain
Alma materUniversité catholique de Louvain
InfluencesJacques Drèze, Franz Palm, Costas Azariadis, Philippe Michel (economist), Oded Galor, Joel Mokyr.
AwardsFrancqui Foundation Research Professorship (2014-2017), European Research Council Advanced grant (2021-2026)
Information at IDEAS / RePEc

David de la Croix (French: [david də la kʁwa]; born 22 April 1964) is a Belgian scholar and author in the field of economic growth and demographic economics. He is professor at the University of Louvain (UCLouvain).

Contributions

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David de la Croix and his co-authors Raouf Boucekkine and Omar Licandro developed a unified framework encompassing longevity, education and economic growth.[1][2] The basic link is that a longer life expectancy justifies a greater investment in education (this is called the Ben Porath mechanism in the related literature), which in turn fosters economic growth by promoting human capital accumulation. The resulting model has been taken to several sets of demographic data pertaining to the 17th and 18th centuries, providing evidence on the role of demographics in the Industrial Revolution. This conclusion is reinforced by the work with Omar Licandro on famous people, which provides a broad picture of the evolution of the longevity of the elite over the last centuries, using a database of hundreds of thousands of famous people (nobles, artists, scientists etc.).[3][4]

In a similar vein, David de la Croix and his co-author Matthias Doepke contributed to the development of a unified framework encompassing fertility, education, inequality and growth. Here, the link involves economic inequality: wealth and education entail lower fertility and more spending on education, thereby deepening inequality; but an increase in inequality lowers average education, hence growth; taking the model to data reveals that differential fertility accounts for most of the empirical relationship between inequality and growth: it implies that neglecting fertility behavior in analyzing the growth-inequality nexus can be strongly misleading.[5][6]

The kind of work mentioned here has implications for policy decisions, definitely with respect to development, but also with respect to education, pensions or migration in developed countries.[7][8][9][10]

Further work by David de la Croix includes a study of childlessness, where, together with Thomas Baudin and Paula Gobbi, he lists a series of causes of childlessness (natural, poverty driven, opportunity driven) and proposes a methodology to identify their respective importance based on a structural model.[11][12] Policy implications of this theory are non negligible, in particular when considering that avoidable involuntary childlessness reduces the capability set of poor people.[13][14][15]

With Fabio Mariani, de la Croix is interested in understanding the economic determinants of changes in marriage laws in the very long run.[16][17] Changes in income level and in its distribution are key to understand the switch from polygyny to strict monogamy that happened during the Urban Revolution in Europe. Later on, from the 19th century onward, he rise of income per person triggered the adoption of "Serial monogamy" laws, allowing for divorce and remarriage. A generalization of this theory for the rest of the world is still needed.

A constant theme in David de la Croix publications is the role played by institutions for economic growth and development. “Institutions” is a very general term, referring to human-made organizations, laws and practices such as religion and family structures, among others. A representative publication, in collaboration with Matthias Doepke and Joel Mokyr, appeared in 2018 in the Quarterly Journal of Economics and deals with the historical role of apprenticeship institutions. Based on qualitative evidence and a new theory of pre-industrial technological progress, the three authors show that apprenticeship institutions were crucial to the economic rise of the West. Different from family- or clan-based institutions that were prevalent in the rest of the World, apprenticeship (as framed by the guild systems in Medieval Europe) allowed new techniques and innovations to spread rapidly across the continent thanks to master-apprentice interactions, without being constrained by family lines.[18][19]

David de la Croix is currently working on a large scale new project, whose goal is to understand how the human capital of scientists and scholars has contributed to the affirmation of the West. In order to answer this question, David de la Croix is building a prosopographic database, containing information on professors and scholars from Europe's leading universities and academies from 1000 to 1800. For this project (Upper Tail Human Capital and the Rise of the West/UTHC]), in 2020 he has received an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC).[20][21]

Other scientific activities

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David de la Croix is the instigator and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Demographic Economics (JODE). The objective of JODE is to promote research in the field of study that lies at the intersection of economics and demography. An analysis of demographic change may benefit from an understanding of economic incentives, which are in turn influenced by demographic changes and trends.[22]

Books published

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In 2002, he published with Philippe Michel a treatise on overlapping generations models as a tool to study economic growth, dynamics and policy.[23]

In 2012, his book on fertility, education, growth and sustainability[24] studies the consequences for macroeconomic outcomes, such as income inequality and growth, of individual fertility choices.

References

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  1. ^ Boucekkine, R.; de la Croix, D.; Licandro, O. (2002). "Vintage Human Capital, Demographic Trends and Growth" (PDF). Journal of Economic Theory. 104 (2): 340–375. doi:10.1006/jeth.2001.2854.
  2. ^ See the discussion and extension of this set-up in Echevaria, C.; Iza, A. (2006). "Life expectancy, human capital, social security and growth". Journal of Public Economics. 90 (12): 2323–2349. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.07.001. hdl:10810/6723. S2CID 53954723.
  3. ^ de la Croix, D.; Licandro, O. (2015). "The longevity of famous people from Hammurabi to Einstein". Journal of Economic Growth. 20 (3): 263–303. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.417.8268. doi:10.1007/s10887-015-9117-0. S2CID 13097579.
  4. ^ "Longevity increased much before the Industrial Revolution". economiclogic.blogspot.com. 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  5. ^ de la Croix, D.; Doepke, M. (2003). "Inequality and growth: why differential fertility matters" (PDF). American Economic Review. 93 (4): 1091–1113. doi:10.1257/000282803769206214.
  6. ^ Moav, Omer (22 December 2004). "Cheap Children and the Persistence of Poverty". The Economic Journal. 115 (500): 88–110. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00961.x.
  7. ^ "De l'essor de l'humanité à l'hiver démographique.
    Une politique nataliste pour demain ?"    . www.regards-economiques.be (in French). Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  8. ^ de la Croix, David; Doepke, Matthias (2007-09-21). "Politics and the structure of education funding". Vox EU. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  9. ^ "David de la Croix on growth and demographics". www.ipsp.org. 2016. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  10. ^ "Opinion". www.livemint.com. 2013-04-04. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
  11. ^ Baudin, Thomas; de la Croix, David; Gobbi, Paula E. (2015). "Fertility and Childlessness in the United States" (PDF). American Economic Review. 105 (6): 1852–1882. doi:10.1257/aer.20120926. PMID 29543416. S2CID 4965705.
  12. ^ Myong, Sunha; Park, Jungjae; Yi, Junjian (1 August 2018). "Social Norms and Fertility". Social Science Research Network. SSRN 3238569. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ^ Baudin, Thomas; de la Croix, David; Gobbi, Paula E. (15 September 2015). "Childlessness is high in the US once again, but this time it's driven by choice, not poverty. | USAPP". blogs.lse.ac.uk. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  14. ^ Baudin, Thomas. "Fécondité et Infécondité aux Etats-Unis : entre choix, fatalité et inégalités" (PDF). Equippe, U. Lille.
  15. ^ Sarkar, Koyel (2020). Emerging patterns of marriage and fertility behavior among women in India. UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain.
  16. ^ de la Croix, David; Mariani, Fabio (2015-01-07). "From Polygyny to Serial Monogamy: a Unified Theory of Marriage Institutions". The Review of Economic Studies. 82 (2): 565–607. doi:10.1093/restud/rdv001. hdl:2078.1/110739. ISSN 0034-6527. S2CID 8044548.
  17. ^ "The evolution of marriage over history". ZeeConomics. 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  18. ^ de la Croix, David; Doepke, Matthias; Mokyr, Joel (2017-03-02). "More than family matters: Apprenticeship and the rise of Europe". VoxEU. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  19. ^ Desmet, Klaus; Greif, Avner; Parente, Stephen L. (1 March 2020). "Spatial competition, innovation and institutions: the Industrial Revolution and the Great Divergence". Journal of Economic Growth. 25: 1–35. doi:10.1007/s10887-019-09173-3. S2CID 254643110.
  20. ^ Theunis, L. (25 September 2020). "Les savants ont-ils été la clé du développement de l'occident?". dailyscience.be (in French).
  21. ^ "David De la Croix a obtenu une bourse «Advanced» de l'European Research Council (ERC)". uclovain.be (in French).
  22. ^ "Journal of Demographic Economics". Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  23. ^ de la Croix, David; Michel, Philippe (2002). A Theory of Economic Growth: Dynamics and Policy in Overlapping Generations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521001151.
  24. ^ de la Croix, David (2012). Fertility, Education, Growth, and Sustainability. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107029590.
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