Draft:North-West Frontier Theatre of WW1

North-West Frontier Theatre of WWI
	Part of World War I
	; A Mashud Village Burning following the operation
Date	November 1914–July 1917
Location	North-West Frontier Province
Result	Anglo-Indian victory
Belligerents
British Empire British India;	Khost tribesmen; Bunerwals tribes; Swatis tribes; Mohmand Tribe; Mahsud tribesmen; Supported by: Germany; Ottoman Empire; Provisional Government of India;
Commanders and leaders
Major-General Sir Vere Bonamy Fane; Major-General Frederick Campbell; Major-General William Benyon;	Tribesmen leaders
Units involved
Bannu Brigade; Local militia;	Khost tribesmen; Bunerwals tribes; Swatis tribes; Mohmand Tribe; Mahsud tribesmen;
Strength
few thousand soldiers	7,000 tribesmen

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Background[edit]

Many operations occurred in the North-West Frontier Province through the late 1800s and all the way up to Indian Independence in 1947.^[1] some operations occurred during WWI by pro-ottoman anti rebel tribes.^[2] These forces fought on and off from Ottoman entry into the war all the way until Summer 1917.

Operations[edit]

Operations in the Tochi[edit]

There were two raids conducted by Kochi tribesman, They were later both suppressed by a single British brigade In March 1915.^[3]

Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis in 1915[edit]

Were a group of raids lead by pro-ottoman tribesman, It was later suppressed in September 1915.^[3]

Mohmand blockade[edit]

was a blocked done on Mohmand tribesman following their declaration of Jihad. It was lifted following their suppression in 1917.^[4]

Operations against the Mahsuds (1917)[edit]

A series of engagments in early 1917. A peace agreement was reached on 10 August 1917 with a Mahsud jirga.^[4]

Central Powers Involvement[edit]

All of the Rebellions were caused from The ottomans declaring Jihad.^[5] weapons were also smuggled through Afghanistan by the Provisional Government of India and Germany.^[6]

Aftermath[edit]

Following the ending of the North-West Frontier Campaign many more similar rebellions continued until Indian independence.

References[edit]

^ "Paris, John, (2 May 1912–14 June 1985), Director, National Army Museum, 1967–69", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u167857, retrieved 23 May 2024
^ Baha, Lal (February 1970). "The North-West frontier in the first World War". Asian Affairs. 1 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1080/03068377008729519. ISSN 0306-8374.
^ ^a ^b Strachan, Hew (2003). The First World War. 1: To arms (1. publ. in paperback ed.). Oxford Berlin: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926191-8.
^ ^a ^b Macro, Paul (2019). Action at Badama Post: the Third Afghan War ; 1919. Oxford Philadelphia: Casemate. ISBN 978-1-61200-760-1.
^ Noor, Farish A. (March 2011). "'Racial Profiling' Revisited: The 1915 Indian Sepoy Mutiny in Singapore and the Impact of Profiling on Religious and Ethnic Minorities". Politics, Religion & Ideology. 12 (1): 89–100. doi:10.1080/21567689.2011.564404. ISSN 2156-7689.
^ Ansari, K. H. (July 1986). "Pan-Islam and the Making of the Early Indian Muslim Socialists". Modern Asian Studies. 20 (3): 509–537. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00007848. ISSN 0026-749X.

[1] "Paris, John, (2 May 1912–14 June 1985), Director, National Army Museum, 1967–69", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u167857, retrieved 23 May 2024

[2] Baha, Lal (February 1970). "The North-West frontier in the first World War". Asian Affairs. 1 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1080/03068377008729519. ISSN 0306-8374.

[:0-3] Strachan, Hew (2003). The First World War. 1: To arms (1. publ. in paperback ed.). Oxford Berlin: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926191-8.

[:1-4] Macro, Paul (2019). Action at Badama Post: the Third Afghan War ; 1919. Oxford Philadelphia: Casemate. ISBN 978-1-61200-760-1.

[5] Noor, Farish A. (March 2011). "'Racial Profiling' Revisited: The 1915 Indian Sepoy Mutiny in Singapore and the Impact of Profiling on Religious and Ethnic Minorities". Politics, Religion & Ideology. 12 (1): 89–100. doi:10.1080/21567689.2011.564404. ISSN 2156-7689.

[6] Ansari, K. H. (July 1986). "Pan-Islam and the Making of the Early Indian Muslim Socialists". Modern Asian Studies. 20 (3): 509–537. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00007848. ISSN 0026-749X.

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