Enoplia
| Enoplia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Enoplea |
| Subclass: | Enoplia Pearse, 1942 |
| Orders | |
The Enoplia are a subclass of nematodes in the class Enoplea.
Description
[edit]Enoplians are characterized by amphids shaped like ovals, stirrups, or pouches. Their bodies are smooth, without rings or lines. The esophagus is cylindrical and glandular.[1]
Taxonomy
[edit]Lorenzen described two orders, Enoplida and Trefusiida, in the 1980s based on morphology. With the advent of phylogenetic analysis, a reorganisation has been necessary, moving the Triplonchida here to create three orders and expanding it.[1][2] [3]
The orders are distinguished mainly by habitat type.[4][3]
- Enoplida Filipjev, 1929 – nematodes of marine and brackish water habitat, carnivorous or feed on diatoms and other algaes
- Triplonchida Cobb, 1920 – terrestrial nematodes, including some plant parasites
- Trefusiida Lorenzen, 1981
Phylogeny
[edit]Enoplia is regarded as the earliest nematode branch, according to recent phylogenetic analysis.[5] Enoplia is mentioned as a sister clade to Dorylaima and Chromadoria.[5][6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Subclass Enoplia. Archived 2013-10-10 at the Wayback Machine Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version July 26, 2012.
- ^ Phylum Nematoda. Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside.
- ^ a b Lee 2010.
- ^ Bik, H. M.; et al. (2010). "Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: a focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades". BMC Evol. Biol. 10 (1): 353. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..353B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-353. PMC 2995457. PMID 21073704.
- ^ a b Ahmed, Mohammed; Roberts, Nickellaus G.; Adediran, Funmilola; Smythe, Ashleigh B.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Holovachov, Oleksandr (2022). "Phylogenomic Analysis of the Phylum Nematoda: Conflicts and Congruences With Morphology, 18S rRNA, and Mitogenomes". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.769565. ISSN 2296-701X.
- ^ Holterman, Martijn; van der Wurff, Andre; van den Elsen, Sven; van Megen, Hanny; Bongers, Tom; Holovachov, Oleksandr; Bakker, Jaap; Helder, Johannes (June 21, 2006). "Phylum-Wide Analysis of SSU rDNA Reveals Deep Phylogenetic Relationships among Nematodes and Accelerated Evolution toward Crown Clades". Molecular Biology and Evolution. pp. 1792–1800. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl044. PMID 16790472. Retrieved 2024-02-15.
Bibliography
[edit]- Blaxter, Mark L.; De Ley, Paul; Garey, James R.; Liu, Leo X.; Scheldeman, Patsy; Vierstraete, Andy; Vanfleteren, Jacques R.; Mackey, Laura Y.; Dorris, Mark; Frisse, Linda M.; Vida, J. T.; Thomas, W. Kelley (5 March 1998). "A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda". Nature. 392 (6671): 71–75. Bibcode:1998Natur.392...71B. doi:10.1038/32160. PMID 9510248. S2CID 4301939.
- Lee, Donald L, ed. (2010). The biology of nematodes. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415272117. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.
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