Fourth battle of Dongola
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| Battle of Dongola | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Kingdom of Makuria | Mamluk Sultanate | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Samamun of Makuria |
Izz al-Din al-Kawrani Izz al-Din Aidmar Sanjar al-Masruri | ||||||
The Fourth battle of Dongola or the Second Conquest of Makuria (1287) was fought between the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and the Kingdom of Makuria resulting in a decisive Mamluk vvictory, capturing the Makurian capital Dongola, forcing the king Samamun to flee and placing a puppet on the Makurian throne.[1][2][3][4]
Background
[edit]In the year 1287, Sultan Qalawun decided to invade the Kingdom of Makuria and annex it to the Mamluk state militarily, after it had been politically dependent since it was conquered by the Mamluk forces during the reign of Sultan Baybars in the Battle of Dongola (1276).[2][1][4][3]
Qalawun entrusted the task of commanding the army to Izz al-Din al-Kawrani, whom he trusted in his military ability. Qalawun informed al-Kawrani of the importance of this campaign. The Mamluk army moved towards Makuria divided into 3 parts, led by al-Kawrano, Izz al-Din Aidmar, and Sanjar al-Masruri.[1][2][4][3]
The Battle
[edit]When the Mamluks reached the first border of Makuria, all Makurian forces withdrew from it. The Makurian forces kept retreating until the Mamluk army reached Dongola, the Makurian capital. There, a violent battle took place between the Mamluks and the Makurians, which ended in a Mamluk victory. King Samamun of Makuria fled to the far south of Nubia, and the Mamluks appointed his nephew as governor of Makuria under the suzerainty of the Mamluk Sultanate. A garrison was left in Dongola to preserve Mamluk rule.[1][2][4][3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "تحميل كتاب السلوك لمعرفة دول الملوك - الجزء الثاني تقي الدين المقريزي PDF - مكتبة الكتب". www.books-lib.net. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b c d "السلوك لمعرفة دول الملوك (ط. العلمية) - المكتبة الوقفية للكتب المصورة PDF". waqfeya.net. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b c d عاشور, سعيد عبد الفتاح (2020-04-20). "تصفح وتحميل كتاب العصر المماليكي في مصر والشام Pdf". مكتبة عين الجامعة (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b c d "تحميل كتاب العصر المماليكي في مصر والشام ل سعيد عبد الفتاح عاشور pdf". كتاب بديا (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-12-09.