Gigatitan
| Gigatitan Temporal range:
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| Fossil of G. vulgaris | |
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| Life reconstruction of G. vulgaris | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | †Titanoptera |
| Clade: | †Gigatitanidae |
| Genus: | †Gigatitan Sharov, 1968 |
| Type species | |
| Gigatitan vulgaris Sharov, 1968
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| Species[1] | |
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Gigatitan is an extinct genus of titanopteran insect that lived in Kyrgyzstan during the Triassic period. The type species is G. vulgaris, described by Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov in 1968.[2] Fossils of Gigatitan have been found in the Madygen Formation.[3] It is the type genus of the family Gigatitanidae, in which the closely related Nanotitan and Ootitan are also included.[2][4]
Description
[edit]
Gigatitan was a large insect, type species, G. vulgaris is estimated to have wingspan up to 40 centimetres (16 in).[5] Although it had large wings, with a hindwing area close to modern large orthopteran Pseudophyllanax imperialis, body volume is estimated to be around 150% heavier than that species, suggesting Gigatitan may not have been able to fly, but probably able to glide.[1] In life, Gigatitan was a mantis-like predator, with forelegs that have similarly enlarged and bore spines for prey capture.[6] It had dark, transverse stripes on its wings, which is similar to modern diurnal mantis Blepharopsis mendica. Also, its wings were able to produce flashes, which would have worked only during the day, and may have possibly substantially reduced predation from predators. These characters suggest that Gigatitan was a diurnal predator.[1] As seen in other titanopteran insects, there were prominent fluted regions on the forewings, suggesting possible use for stridulation, but unlike modern crickets or katydids, both males and females of Gigatitan had wings for stridulation.[1] The ovipositor of Gigatitan bore sharp cutting ridges. These were likely used to excise holes in plant matter for oviposition, similar to some modern Orthoptera.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Schubnel, Thomas; Legendre, Frédéric; Roques, Patrick; Garrouste, Romain; Cornette, Raphaël; Perreau, Michel; Perreau, Naïl; Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure; Nel, André (2021-07-08). "Sound vs. light: wing-based communication in Carboniferous insects". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 794. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02281-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 8266802. PMID 34239029. S2CID 235777698.
- ^ a b Béthoux, O. (2007). "Cladotypic Taxonomy Applied: Titanopterans are Orthopterans". Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny. 65 (2): 135–156. ISSN 1863-7221. S2CID 8775265.
- ^ Voigt, Sebastian; Spindler, Frederik; Fischer, Jan; Kogan, Ilja; Buchwitz, Michael (2007-09-26). "An extraordinary lake basin – the Madygen fossil lagerstaette (Middle to Upper Triassic, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia)". Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft. 36.
- ^ Gorochov, A.V. (2007). "The first representative of the suborder Mesotitanina from the Paleozoic and notes on the system and evolution of the order Titanoptera (Insecta: Polyneoptera)". Paleontological Journal. 41 (6): 621–625. doi:10.1134/S0031030107060056. ISSN 1555-6174. S2CID 85364942.
- ^ Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Kim, Do-Yoon; Nam, Gi-Soo; Lee, Mirinae (2022-05-06). "A new titanopteran Magnatitan jongheoni n. gen. n. sp. from southwestern Korean Peninsula". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (5): 1111–1118. doi:10.1017/jpa.2022.30. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 248592776.
- ^ Grimaldi, D. (2009). "Fossil Record". In Resh, V.H.; Cardé, R.T. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Insects (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Academic Press. pp. 396–403. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374144-8.00114-4. ISBN 978-0-12-374144-8.
- ^ Bethoux, O.; Galtier, J.; Nel, A. (2007). "Earliest Evidence of Insect Endophytic Oviposition". PALAIOS. 19 (4): 408–413. doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0408:EEOIEO>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85950015.
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| Titanoptera |
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