Hällefors Elkhound

Hällefors Elkhound
Hällefors Elkhound
	A Hällefors Elkhound, fawn male
Other names	Hälleforshund; Hällefors Dog; Hälleforsinkoira
Origin	Sweden
Breed status	Not recognized as a breed by any major kennel club.
Height
Traits
Height	Males
	Females
Coat	Medium, thick, harsh and dense coat
Color	Yellow; with or without a mask
Notes	Recognized by the Svenska Kennelklubben, the Suomen Kennelliitto and the Norsk Kennel Klub.
	Dog (domestic dog)

Hällefors Elkhound (Swedish: Hälleforshund) is a Swedish dog breed.

Appearance

The Hällefors Elkhound is a medium-sized, rectangular Spitz with either a sickle or curly tail. Thick, harsh, and dense coat should always be yellow, ranging from fawn to reddish. The colour shade is lighter in chest, belly, legs, and below the tail. The average height for males is 55 to 63 cm and for females 52 to 60 cm.^[1]

Behaviour

The Hällefors Elkhound is an energetic, courageous, and persistent dog with a strong character.^[2]

History

The breed was developed in Svealand, but its more detailed area of origin has been argued. It is stated that despite its name, it was not created in Hällefors, but in Fredriksberg village located in neighbouring Ludvika Municipality.^[2] It has mainly been used as a deer-hunting dog^[1] and its most remarkable ancestors are the Finnish Spitz and the Ostyak Laika.^[3] The Swedish Kennel Club, Svenska Kennelklubben, recognized the breed in 2000^[2] and nowadays it is also recognized in several other Nordic countries, such as Finland and Norway.^[1]^[4]

Lineage

The breed falls under the mitochondrial DNA sub-clade referred to as d1 that is only found in northern Scandinavia. It is the result of a female wolf-male dog hybridization that occurred post-domestication.^[5]^[6] Subclade d1 originated 480–3,000 years ago and is found in all Sami-related breeds: the Finnish Lapphund, Swedish Lapphund, Lapponian Herder, Swedish Elkhound, Norwegian Elkhound, Black Norwegian Elkhound and Hällefors Elkhound. The maternal wolf sequence that contributed to these breeds has not been matched across Eurasia^[7] and its branch on the phylogenetic tree is rooted in the same sequence as the 33,000 year-old Altai dog (not a direct ancestor).^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c SKL. (May 30th 2006).Hälleforsinkoira Archived 2014-08-03 at the Wayback Machine. Suomen Kennelliitto (SKL). Retrieved June 21st 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c SKK. Hälleforshund. Svenska Kennelklubben (SKK). Retrieved June 21st 2014.
^ Krämer, E.-M. (2009). Der grosse Kosmos Hundeführer: 187. Stuttgart: Kosmos.
^ NKK. (March 2012). Hälleforshunden^{[permanent dead link]}. Norsk Kennel Klub (NKK). Retrieved June 21st 2014.
^ Pang, J.-F.; Kluetsch, C.; Zou, X.-J.; Zhang, A.-b.; Luo, L.-Y.; Angleby, H.; Ardalan, A.; Ekstrom, C.; Skollermo, A.; Lundeberg, J.; Matsumura, S.; Leitner, T.; Zhang, Y.-P.; Savolainen, P. (2009). "MtDNA Data Indicate a Single Origin for Dogs South of Yangtze River, Less Than 16,300 Years Ago, from Numerous Wolves". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (12): 2849–64. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp195. PMC 2775109. PMID 19723671.
^ Duleba, Anna; Skonieczna, Katarzyna; Bogdanowicz, Wiesław; Malyarchuk, Boris; Grzybowski, Tomasz (2015). "Complete mitochondrial genome database and standardized classification system for Canis lupus familiaris". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 19: 123–129. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.06.014. PMID 26218982.
^ Klütsch, C. F. C.; Seppälä, E. H.; Fall, T.; Uhlén, M.; Hedhammar, Å.; Lohi, H.; Savolainen, P. (2011). "Regional occurrence, high frequency but low diversity of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup d1 suggests a recent dog-wolf hybridization in Scandinavia: Dog-wolf hybridization in Scandinavia". Animal Genetics. 42 (1): 100–103. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02069.x. PMC 3040290. PMID 20497152.
^ Thalmann, O.; Shapiro, B.; Cui, P.; Schuenemann, V. J.; Sawyer, S. K.; Greenfield, D. L.; Germonpre, M. B.; Sablin, M. V.; Lopez-Giraldez, F.; Domingo-Roura, X.; Napierala, H.; Uerpmann, H.-P.; Loponte, D. M.; Acosta, A. A.; Giemsch, L.; Schmitz, R. W.; Worthington, B.; Buikstra, J. E.; Druzhkova, A.; Graphodatsky, A. S.; Ovodov, N. D.; Wahlberg, N.; Freedman, A. H.; Schweizer, R. M.; Koepfli, K.- P.; Leonard, J. A.; Meyer, M.; Krause, J.; Paabo, S.; et al. (2013). "Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Ancient Canids Suggest a European Origin of Domestic Dogs". Science. 342 (6160): 871–4. Bibcode:2013Sci...342..871T. doi:10.1126/science.1243650. PMID 24233726. S2CID 1526260.

[skl-1] SKL. (May 30th 2006).Hälleforsinkoira Archived 2014-08-03 at the Wayback Machine. Suomen Kennelliitto (SKL). Retrieved June 21st 2014.

[skk-2] SKK. Hälleforshund. Svenska Kennelklubben (SKK). Retrieved June 21st 2014.

[3] Krämer, E.-M. (2009). Der grosse Kosmos Hundeführer: 187. Stuttgart: Kosmos.

[4] NKK. (March 2012). Hälleforshunden^{[permanent dead link]}. Norsk Kennel Klub (NKK). Retrieved June 21st 2014.

[5] Pang, J.-F.; Kluetsch, C.; Zou, X.-J.; Zhang, A.-b.; Luo, L.-Y.; Angleby, H.; Ardalan, A.; Ekstrom, C.; Skollermo, A.; Lundeberg, J.; Matsumura, S.; Leitner, T.; Zhang, Y.-P.; Savolainen, P. (2009). "MtDNA Data Indicate a Single Origin for Dogs South of Yangtze River, Less Than 16,300 Years Ago, from Numerous Wolves". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (12): 2849–64. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp195. PMC 2775109. PMID 19723671.

[6] Duleba, Anna; Skonieczna, Katarzyna; Bogdanowicz, Wiesław; Malyarchuk, Boris; Grzybowski, Tomasz (2015). "Complete mitochondrial genome database and standardized classification system for Canis lupus familiaris". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 19: 123–129. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.06.014. PMID 26218982.

[7] Klütsch, C. F. C.; Seppälä, E. H.; Fall, T.; Uhlén, M.; Hedhammar, Å.; Lohi, H.; Savolainen, P. (2011). "Regional occurrence, high frequency but low diversity of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup d1 suggests a recent dog-wolf hybridization in Scandinavia: Dog-wolf hybridization in Scandinavia". Animal Genetics. 42 (1): 100–103. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02069.x. PMC 3040290. PMID 20497152.

[8] Thalmann, O.; Shapiro, B.; Cui, P.; Schuenemann, V. J.; Sawyer, S. K.; Greenfield, D. L.; Germonpre, M. B.; Sablin, M. V.; Lopez-Giraldez, F.; Domingo-Roura, X.; Napierala, H.; Uerpmann, H.-P.; Loponte, D. M.; Acosta, A. A.; Giemsch, L.; Schmitz, R. W.; Worthington, B.; Buikstra, J. E.; Druzhkova, A.; Graphodatsky, A. S.; Ovodov, N. D.; Wahlberg, N.; Freedman, A. H.; Schweizer, R. M.; Koepfli, K.- P.; Leonard, J. A.; Meyer, M.; Krause, J.; Paabo, S.; et al. (2013). "Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Ancient Canids Suggest a European Origin of Domestic Dogs". Science. 342 (6160): 871–4. Bibcode:2013Sci...342..871T. doi:10.1126/science.1243650. PMID 24233726. S2CID 1526260.

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v t e Spitz-type dogs
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Hunting dogs	Black Norwegian Elkhound East Siberian Laika Finnish Spitz Hällefors Elkhound Hokkaido Jindo Kai Ken Karelian Bear Dog Karelo-Finnish Laika Kishu Ken Norrbottenspets Norwegian Elkhound Norwegian Lundehund Pungsan dog Russo-European Laika Shiba Inu Shikoku Jämthund Taiwan Dog West Siberian Laika Zerdava
Herding dogs	Cardigan Welsh Corgi Finnish Lapphund Icelandic Sheepdog Lapponian Herder Nenets Herding Laika Norwegian Buhund Pembroke Welsh Corgi Swedish Lapphund Swedish Vallhund
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Companion dogs	Alaskan Klee Kai American Eskimo Dog Danish Spitz Eurasier German Spitz Keeshond (Wolfspitz) Pomeranian (Zwergspitz) Northern Inuit Dog Schipperke Tonya Finosu Volpino Italiano
Extinct breeds	Argentine polar dog Guejae Gae Hare Indian Dog Hütespitz Salish Wool Dog Tahltan Bear Dog
Types: Husky, Laika, Tugou

v t e Dogs originating in Sweden
Extant	Danish–Swedish Farmdog Drever Hällefors Elkhound Hamiltonstövare Norrbottenspets Schillerstövare Smalandstövare Swedish Elkhound Swedish Lapphund Swedish Vallhund
Extinct	Dalbo dog

Appearance

Behaviour

History

Lineage

See also

References