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HMS Renard (1909)

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other ships with the same name, see HMS Renard.

History
United Kingdom
NameRenard
BuilderCammell Laird, Birkenhead
Laid down20 April 1909
Launched13 November 1909
CompletedSeptember 1910
Out of service31 August 1920
FateSold to the broken up
General characteristics
Class and typeBeagle-class destroyer
Displacement918 long tons (933 t) (normal)
Length266 ft 2 in (81.1 m)
Beam28 ft 2 in (8.6 m)
Draught16 ft 6 in (5 m)
Installed power5 x coal-fired Yarrow boilers, 12,000 shp (8,900 kW)
Propulsion3 x Parsons steam turbines driving 3 shafts
Speed27 kn (50 km/h; 31 mph)
Range2,000 nmi (3,700 km; 2,300 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement96
Armament

HMS Renard was a Beagle-class (later G-class) destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The Beagles were coal-fuelled ships, designed for a speed of 27 kn (31 mph; 50 km/h) and armed with a 4 in (102 mm) gun and two torpedo tubes. Built by Cammell Laird and launched in 1909, Renard was initially commissioned into the First Destroyer Flotilla at Portsmouth. In 1912, the warship joined the Third Destroyer Flotilla before being transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet as part of the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla in 1913. As the First World War approached, the destroyer was based in Alexandria Egypt, but was swiftly redeployed to Malta, followed, in 1915, by action in the Dardanelles Campaign. While serving with the Eastern Mediterranean Squadron and its successor the Aegean Squadron, as well as undertaking escort duties, the destroyer supported sorties by irregular troops against the Ottoman Empire. After the Armistice of 1918 that ended the war, Renard was initially transferred to the Nore and then sold in 1920 to be broken up.

Design and development

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Main article: Beagle-class destroyer

Renard was one of the Beagle-class destroyers ordered by the Admiralty as part of the 1908–1909 shipbuilding programme for the Royal Navy.[1][2] The bridge was larger and higher than previous designs and the vessels were coal-burning after concerns had been raised about the availability of fuel oil in time of war.[3] This reduced costs, although it also meant that five boilers were needed, the extra machinery meaning that there was less space on the deck for equipment.[4] The Beagle class vessels were not built to a standard design, with detailed design being left to the builders of individual ships in accordance with a loose specification, in this case Cammell Laird.[5] In October 1913, as part of a wider renaming of the Royal Navy's warships into classes named alphabetically, the class was renamed as the G-class.[6]

Renard was 266 ft 2 in (81.1 m) long, with a beam of 28 ft 2 in (8.6 m) and a draught of 16 ft 6 in (5 m).[7] Normal displacement was 918 long tons (933 t), which increased to 983 long tons (999 t) by the end of the First World War.[8][9] Five Yarrow boilers fed direct-drive Parsons steam turbines driving three shafts.[10] Two funnels were fitted. The machinery was rated at 12,000 shaft horsepower (8,900 kW) giving a design speed of 27 kn (31 mph; 50 km/h).[11] During sea trials, the destroyer reached a speed of 27.145 kn (31.238 mph; 50.273 km/h) at a displacement of 912 long tons (927 t). Up to 226 long tons (230 t) of coal was carried, giving a design range of 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km; 2,300 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[12] The ship had a complement of 96 officers and ratings.[10][13]

Armament consisted of one 4 in (102 mm) BL Mk VIII gun forward and three 3 in (76 mm) QF 12-pounder 12 cwt guns aft.[a] Torpedo armament consisted of two 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes, one placed forward and the other aft. Two spare torpedoes were carried.[14][15] On 8 April 1916, the Admiralty approved fitting the destroyer with depth charges. Two depth charge launchers and two charges were carried.[16]

Construction and career

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Renard was laid down at Cammell Laird's Birkenhead shipyard on 20 April 1909, launched on 13 November and completed during September the following year.[17] The ship was the tenth of the name to serve in the Royal Navy, named after the sloop Reynard, a prize captured from the French Navy.[18][19] Renard was also occasionally known as Reynard.[20] The vessel was commissioned at Portsmouth and joined the First Destroyer Flotilla on 20 October.[21] On 15 November 1911, Renard towed her sister ship Scorpion to port after that vessel had been damaged in a collision with the Danish schooner Fyn. The accident happened when the First Flotilla was returning to Harwich after exercises in the English Channel. Scorpion was holed close to her engine room while Fyn sank.[22]

In 1912, a reorganisation of the Home Fleet resulted in the ships of the Beagle class forming the Third Destroyer Flotilla.[23] Renard was recommissioned at Sheerness on 3 September and joined the flotilla at Chatham.[24] The vessel remained part of the Third Flotilla in March 1913.[25] Along with the rest of the class,Renard was transferred to the newly-formed Fifth Destroyer Flotilla as part of the Mediterranean Fleet in November.[26][27]

As the First World War approached, Renard was part of the First Division of the Fifth Flotilla and based in Alexandria.[28] The destroyer sailed to Malta, joining the rest of the flotilla on 9 August.[29] The island had a coal shortage, which restricted the vessel's activity.[30] On 6 August 1914, the destroyer was deployed searching for the German warships Goeben and Breslau but this was curtailed by a lack of fuel.[31] In 1915 Renard participated in the naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign with the Eastern Mediterranean Squadron. The presence of large minefields across the narrows of the Dardanelles straits impeded the British and French forces attempting to assault the Ottoman forces.[32] On 3 March, along with sister ships Grampus and Scorpion, the destroyer escorted trawlers attempting to clear the minefields.[33] The following day saw the destroyer again join other members of the class in escorting the troopship Braemar Castle, carrying soldiers to land at Kumkale.[34] On 25 and 26 June, the destroyer was one of five, including sister ship Rattlesnake, that undertook minesweeping in the Dardanelles. Despite heavy fire, the ships achieved their objective in what Rear Admiral John de Robeck, commander of the squadron, described as "a most satisfactory manner".[35] At the end of the campaign, the destroyer helped in the evacuation of troops from Cape Helles.[36]

Renard stayed with the Eastern Mediterranean Squadron into 1916. The year saw an intensification of submarine action by the Imperial German Navy in the Mediterranean Sea and an increasing demand on destroyers as escorts. In February alone, fifty ships, totalling 101,000 long tons (103,000 t), were lost. Due to a lack of resources, the destroyers in the Mediterranean Fleet could only escort high value ships, like troopships.[37] The ship also saw other duties, including supporting raids on the Ottoman Empire. On 24 July, the destroyer, as part of a small detachment that also included the monitor M33 and a minesweeper, escorted 172 irregular troops on a raid near the cities of Mytilene and Smyrna, the current İzmir. Despite being bombed by an aircraft of the Ottoman Aviation Squadrons, they returned with 3,200 sheep and other animals.[38]

The destroyer remained a member of the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla within the Mediterranean Fleet.[39] As the following year opened, the need for destroyer escorts increased dramatically as the German navy introduced unrestricted submarine warfare.[40] By June, the submarines were sinking 142,338 long tons (144,622 t) of shipping a month.[41] In response, the Admiralty introduced convoys on major routes, including those between Malta and Egypt, although Renard was still called upon to escort occasional single high-value ships as well.[42] On 20 January the following year, Renard accompanied the Acheron-class destroyer Archer escorting a tanker. At this point, the destroyer was deployed as part of the Second Detached Squadron of the squadron, now renamed the Aegean Squadron, based at Pyrgos on the island of Imbros.[43]

After the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended the war, the Royal Navy quickly withdrew all pre-war destroyers from active service.[44] By February 1919, Renard had been transferred to the Nore.[45] However, that deployment did not last long. As the force returned to a peacetime level of strength, both the number of ships and personnel needed to be reduced to save money.[46] Declared superfluous to operational requirements, Renard was retired, and, on 31 August 1920, sold to Ward at New Holland to be broken up.[47]

Pennant numbers

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Pennant numbers
Pennant number Date
H99 January 1918[48]
H27 January 1919[49]

Notes

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  1. ^ "Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12cwt referring to the weight of the gun.

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 118, 305–306.
  2. ^ Manning 1961, p. 56.
  3. ^ Cocker 1981, p. 23.
  4. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 116.
  5. ^ Brown 2010, p. 68.
  6. ^ Preston 1985, p. 74.
  7. ^ March 1966, p. 85.
  8. ^ "402: Renard. Torpedo boat Destroyer". The Navy List: 365. March 1913. Retrieved 15 January 2024 – via National Library of Scotland.
  9. ^ Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 114.
  10. ^ a b Preston 1985, p. 73.
  11. ^ Manning 1961, pp. 54, 57.
  12. ^ March 1966, p. 86.
  13. ^ Hythe 1912, p. 249.
  14. ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 116, 118.
  15. ^ Preston 1985, pp. 73–74.
  16. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 151.
  17. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 306.
  18. ^ Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 285.
  19. ^ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 369.
  20. ^ "Naval And Military Intelligence". The Times. No. 39925. 14 June 1912. p. 4.
  21. ^ "Naval And Military Intelligence". The Times. No. 39408. 20 October 1910. p. 12.
  22. ^ "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Chatham Dockyard". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. Vol. 34. December 1911. p. 150.
  23. ^ Manning 1961, p. 25.
  24. ^ "Naval And Military Intelligence". The Times. No. 39990. 29 August 1912. p. 2.
  25. ^ "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Flotillas of the First Fleet". The Navy List: 269a. March 1913. Retrieved 11 April 2024 – via National Library of Scotland.
  26. ^ "Naval And Military Intelligence: Fifth Destroyer Flotilla for the Mediterranean". The Times. No. 40358. 1 November 1913. p. 14.
  27. ^ "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Mediterranean Fleet". The Monthly Navy List: 270a. November 1913. Retrieved 11 April 2024 – via National Library of Scotland.
  28. ^ Naval Staff Monograph No. 4 1919, p. 179.
  29. ^ Naval Staff Monograph No. 4 1919, p. 202.
  30. ^ Naval Staff Monograph No. 21 1923, p. 8.
  31. ^ Naval Staff Monograph No. 21 1923, pp. 35–36.
  32. ^ Corbett 1921, p. 168.
  33. ^ Corbett 1921, p. 173.
  34. ^ Corbett 1921, p. 181.
  35. ^ Grehan & Mace 2014, p. 55.
  36. ^ Corbett 1923, p. 221–222.
  37. ^ Newbolt 1928, p. 277.
  38. ^ Halpern 2015, p. 292.
  39. ^ "X1.—Mediterranean Fleet". Supplement to the Monthly Naval List: 21. January 1917. Retrieved 11 April 2024 – via National Library of Scotland.
  40. ^ Halpern 2015, p. 307.
  41. ^ Halpern 2015, p. 312.
  42. ^ Newbolt 1931, p. 75.
  43. ^ Newbolt 1931, p. 87.
  44. ^ Manning 1961, p. 28.
  45. ^ "X.—Vessels at Home Ports Temporarily: The Nore". Supplement to the Monthly Naval List. February 1919. p. 19. Retrieved 11 April 2024 – via National Library of Scotland.
  46. ^ Moretz 2002, p. 79.
  47. ^ Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 291.
  48. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 76.
  49. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 72.

Bibliography

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