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Hetman of all Ukraine

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This article is about the leader of the Ukrainian State established during World War I. For the leader of the Cossack Hetmanate, see Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host.
Hetman of all Ukraine
Гетьман усієї України
Coat of arms of the Ukrainian State
Personal standard
Only officeholder
Pavlo Skoropadskyi
29 April 1918 – 14 December 1918
StyleHis Holiness
ResidenceHetman Palace, Kyiv
NominatorCongress of Bread Producers
PrecursorChairman of the Central Rada
Formation29 April 1918
Abolished14 December 1918
SuccessionChairman of the Directory

The Hetman of all Ukraine (Ukrainian: Гетьман усієї України, romanized: Hetman usiiei Ukrainy)[1][2] was the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian State in 1918.

History

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The position of Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host, also known as the "Hetman of all Ukraine",[3] was established in 1648 during the Khmelnytsky Uprising and first held by Bohdan Khmelnytsky as the leader of the Cossack Hetmanate. During that period, the office was an elected position. Later in the late 18th century, it was successfully liquidated by the Russian government during the expansion of the Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.

The position of Hetman of all Ukraine was established in 1918 by Pavlo Skoropadskyi, a descendant of the former hetman of the Zaporizhian Host Ivan Skoropadskyi. The Law on the Provisional State System of Ukraine was announced at the session of the Central Council of Ukraine on 29 April 1918, which laid a legal groundwork for the new position. Pavlo Skoropadskyi transformed Ukraine into the autocratic Ukrainian State under the protection of the Central Powers, while expelling the Bolshevik forces of Soviet Russia. During his term, the Communist Party was prohibited on the territory of Ukraine for the first time. After the uprising led by the Directorate of Ukraine, Pavlo Skoropadskyi surrendered the title on 14 December 1918,[1] transferring the state power to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and going into exile to Germany.

Emperor Wilhelm II of the German Empire (left) and Hetman Skoropadskyi (right) at a meeting at the High Command Headquarters in Spa in August 1918.

After the establishment of Soviet Ukraine, members of the Skoropadskyi family established the Hetmanate movement that sought the recreation of the office with a royal house.

Reign

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No. Hetman Reign Birth Death Marriage Dynasty
1 Pavlo Skoropadskyi 29 April 1918 – 14 December 1918 15 May 1873, Wiesbaden 26 April 1945, Metten Oleksandra Skoropadska (Durnovo) House of Skoropadskyi

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Історія України в особах XIX-XX ст (in Ukrainian). Вид-во "Україна". 1995. p. 222. ISBN 978-5-319-00882-4.
  2. ^ Magocsi, Paul R. (1 January 2010). A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press. p. 519. ISBN 978-1-4426-1021-7.
  3. ^ Davies, Brian (4 April 2014). Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700. Routledge. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-134-55283-2.
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