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Jagat Prakasha Malla

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Jagat Prakasha Malla
King of Bhaktapur
A 1670 painting of Jagaccanda Malla.
King of Bhaktapur
Reign8 September 1643 – 28 November 1672
Coronation8 September 1643[1]
PredecessorNaresha Malla
SuccessorJitamitra Malla
Regent
  • Annapurna Lakshmi
  • Kamala Devi
Born5 December 1637[2]
Bhaktapur,
Kingdom of Bhaktapur, Nepal
Died28 November 1672(1672-11-28) (aged 34)[3]
Bhaktapur Durbar Square, Kingdom of Bhaktapur, Nepal
Spouse
  • Padmavati
  • Chandravati
  • Annapurna
Issue
Regnal name
Sri Jaya Jagat Prakasha Malla Deva
DynastyMalla
FatherNaresha Malla
MotherKamala Devi
SignatureJagat Prakasha Malla's signature

Jagat Prakasha Malla (Nepal Bhasa: 𑐖𑐐𑐟𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐎𑐵𑐱 𑐩𑐮𑑂𑐮‎) was a Malla Dynasty King of Bhaktapur, Nepal from 1642 to 1673.[4] He succeeded his father Naresha Malla when he was just four years old and was under the regency of his aunt Annapurna Lakshmi and his mother Kamala Devi until his Diksha ceremony in 1654.[5] He is also known as Jagaccanda (Nepal Bhasa: 𑐖𑐐𑐔𑑂𑐔𑐣𑑂𑐡‎), a syncretic name formed by combining his name with his minister Chandrasekhar Simha.[6] From around 1659 till Chandrasekhar's death in 1661, Jagaccanda appeared in books, inscriptions and manuscripts in place of the monarch's name.[7]

Throughout his life, he wrote plays and poems in both Nepal Bhasa and Maithili. His poetry book, Nepal Bhasaya gita ("songs in Nepal Bhasa") which contains 518 different poems, is considered by some experts to be one of the most important works in Nepal Bhasa.[4][8]

He died of smallpox when he was 35 years old.[5]

Marriage and Children

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As per his Maithili drama Prabhāvatīharana-nātaka and his son Jitamitra Malla's inscriptions, his first two wives were Padmavati and Chandravati, the former of whom was the queen consort and the mother to the heir.[9] His third and favourite wife Annapurna was, according to Vaidya, a maiden from Panauti.[10] But Dhaubhadel, based on one of his stone inscriptions which mentions Chandrasekhar performing the Kanyadana of Annapurna, theorizes that Annapurna was likely the sister of Chandrasekhara.[5]

As depicted in a Paubha from 1670, Jagata Prakasha had four children, three sons and a daughter.[6] His sons were:

And his daughter was:

  • Nandini (from Annapurna)

According to a contemporary expenditure book, Nandini's wedding ceremony took place at sadasiva chuka, a courtyard of the royal palace in 1674 (NS 795).[11] While the expenditure book contains the details of the rituals performed and the expenditure incurred in the wedding ceremony, it doesn't mention the name of her groom.[11]

Maithiili dramas

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Jagat Prakasha Malla is known to have written ten dramas, of which two have been published in the Maithili language. These are:[12]

  • Prabhāvatīharana-nātaka (1656)
  • Pradyumnavijaya-nātaka (unknown date of composition)
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  • A wooden sculpture depicting Jaggacanda, the syncretic form of Jagata Praksha Malla and his favourite minister, Chandrasekhara Simha[13]
    A wooden sculpture depicting Jaggacanda, the syncretic form of Jagata Praksha Malla and his favourite minister, Chandrasekhara Simha[13]
  • Sculpture of Jagata Prakasha Malla and his minister Chandrasekhara at the royal palace of Bhaktapur.
    Sculpture of Jagata Prakasha Malla and his minister Chandrasekhara at the royal palace of Bhaktapur.
  • Wooden figurines of his wives, Padmavati and Chandravati.
    Wooden figurines of his wives, Padmavati and Chandravati.
  • Paubha from 1670 depicting his family, (from left) his sons Jitamitra and Ugra Malla, his third wife, Annapurna and his daughter Nandini.
    Paubha from 1670 depicting his family, (from left) his sons Jitamitra and Ugra Malla, his third wife, Annapurna and his daughter Nandini.

References

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Bibliography

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  • Vaidya, Janak Lal (2002). Nepal Bhasaya Prachin Kavya Srijana [History of Poetry in Nepal Bhasa] (in Newari). Nepal Academy. ISBN 99933-50-32-X.
  • Dhaubhadel, Om (2021). "jagaccanda ko huna?" [Who was Jagaccandra?] (PDF). Bhaktapur Municipality (in Nepali) (291 ed.). pp. 30–33.
  • Poudel, Bholanath (1965). "Jagata Prakasha Malla" (PDF). Purnima. 2 (2): 29–37.
  • Regmi, D. R. (1965). Medieval Nepal: Select inscriptions, 1524-1768 A.D. with verification and corresponding dates in C.E. Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay.

Citations

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  1. ^ Regmi 1995, p. 393.
  2. ^ Poudel 1965, p. 30.
  3. ^ Poudel 1965, p. 37.
  4. ^ a b Vaidya 2002, p. 42.
  5. ^ a b c Dhaubhadel 2021, p. 33.
  6. ^ a b Guy, John (1992). "New Evidence for the Jagannātha Cult in Seventeenth Century Nepal". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 2 (2): 213–230. doi:10.1017/S135618630000239X. ISSN 1356-1863. JSTOR 25182509.
  7. ^ Dhaubhadel 2021, p. 30 & 33.
  8. ^ Dhaubhadel 2021, p. 30.
  9. ^ Dhaubhadel 2021, p. 32.
  10. ^ Vaidya 2002, p. 43.
  11. ^ a b Vajracharya, Cunda (1996). Jitāmītra Mallakālīn Dharapau (in Nepali). Lalitpur, Nepal: Nepalese and Asian Research centre. p. 12.
  12. ^ Yadav, Ramawatar (2011). "Medieval Maithili stagecraft in the Nepalamandala: the Bhaktapur school". Contributions to Nepalese Studies.
  13. ^ Guy, John (1992). "New Evidence for the Jagannātha Cult in Seventeenth Century Nepal". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 2 (2): 213–230. doi:10.1017/S135618630000239X. ISSN 1356-1863. JSTOR 25182509.
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