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James Fraser of Brea

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James Fraser of Brea
The Bass where James Fraser was imprisoned
Personal details
Born29 July 1639
Died13 September 1699
DenominationChristian

James Fraser of Brea (1639–1699) was a Covenanter.

Early life

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He was born in the parish of Kirkmichael, Ross-shire, on 29 July 1639.[1] His father, Sir James Fraser, was the second son of Simon Fraser, 6th Lord Lovat, by his second wife, Jane Stewart, daughter of James Stewart, 1st Lord Doune.[2] Sir James Fraser, a devout man, was elder for the presbytery of Inverness in the general assembly of 1638 which abolished episcopacy, and sat in several other general assemblies.

James was educated at a grammar school, and suffered much from his father's financial difficulties.[3] At the Siege of Inverness his father Sir James Fraser held Inverness Castle for the Covenanters of the Clan Fraser of Lovat against the royalist James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose.[4]

In 1658 he graduated MA from Marischal College, Aberdeen and then began to study Law. However he abandoned his study of the law, and obtained license as a preacher of the gospel as a Presbyterian minister in 1672 by the presbytery of Moray.[5][6]

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Coming under the notice of Archbishop Sharp as a preacher at conventicles, he was ordered to be apprehended in 1674; decreets and letters of inter-communing were passed against him 6 August 1675.[7] He was summoned before the council 29 Jan. 1676–7, and ordered to be imprisoned on the Bass Rock the next day. He was escorted to the Bass by twelve horsemen and thirty foot.[8] Here he remained two years and a half, being released on giving security for good behaviour in July 1679. He was depressed by the sudden death of his wife in October 1676, and by the many troubles of the time, as well as by his imprisonment. He yet found material for recording in his diary many matters that called for gratitude. While in prison he studied Hebrew and Greek, and gained some knowledge of oriental languages. He was released on payment of £560 in July 1679 by Sir Hugh Campbell of Cawdor.[9]

He wrote also a treatise on justifying faith, of which many editions have been printed. Some of its views in favour of a universal reference in the work of Christ were strongly objected to by certain of his brethren who saw it in manuscript, and it was not till 1722 that the first part was published, the second appearing in 1749.

Second Imprisonment

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In December 1681 he was again arrested and committed to Blackness Castle as a prisoner until he paid a fine of five thousand marks and gave security either to give up preaching or quit the kingdom. A brother-in-law caused the fine to be remitted, and Fraser was sent out of Scotland. On 21 July 1683 he was ordered to be imprisoned for six months in Newgate, London, for refusing the Oxford Oath.[10] Before 6 July 1687 he returned to Scotland, and was living in the bounds of Lothian and Tweeddale. In 1689 he was minister of Culross, Fife, where he exercised his ministry with diligence and earnestness. He was a member of the assemblies of 1690 and 1692, had a call from Inverness in September 1696, but died in Edinburgh on 13 September 1699. The only graveyard available at this time was Greyfriars Kirkyard.

Theology

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James Fraser is noted for a doctrine of universal atonement although he did not think that all would be saved.[11][12] There was a Breach in the Reformed Presbyterian Church Synod in 1753 following the publication of the book A Treatise on Justifying Faith by James Fraser of Brea, who had written it while a prisoner on the Bass Rock.[13] The Amyraldian view of the atonement was commended by a number of ministers who for a while set up their own Synod.[14] The theology also caused no small commotion in the Antiburgher Church and Thomas Mair was ejected.[11]

Personal life

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He married (1) 31 July 1672,[15] Isobel Gray (died October 1676), daughter of Sir William Gray of Pittendrum, and widow of William Hamilton, merchant, Edinburgh, and had issue — Jean Fraser (married, as his second wife, 1698, Hugh Bose of Kilravock), died without children; Beatrice (married William Burnet, minister of Falkirk) (2) Christian (died without children about 1696), daughter of John Inglis, minister of Hamilton, and widow of Alexander Carmichael, minister of Pettinain.

Bibliography

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  • A Defence of the Convention of Estates (1689)
  • Prelacy an Idol, and Prelates Idolaters, a sermon (? Edinburgh, 1713; Glasgow, 1724)
  • Meditations on Several Subjects in Divinity (Edinburgh, 1721)
  • A Treatise concerning Justifying or Saving Faith, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1722–49)
  • Some Choice Select Meditations (Edinburgh, 1726; Glasgow, 1753) [edited by James Hog of Carnock]
  • Memoirs of the Life of Sir James Fraser of Brea, written by Himself (Edinburgh, 1738; Aberdeen, 1776; Glasgow, 1798; Aberdeen, 1843; Inverness, 1889) [with Introductory Note by Alexander Whyte, D.D., and Biographical Sketch by Gustavus Aird, D.D.][16]
  • The Lawfulness and Duty of Separation from Corrupt Ministers and Churches Vindicated (Edinburgh, 1744). — [Edin. Bur. Reg.; *Acts of Pari., ix., App. 22
  • Wodrow's Hist.
  • Wodrow's Analecta
  • Boston's Memoirs, 40
  • Anderson's Bass Rock
  • Family of Kilravock
  • Walker's Theology and Theologians of Scotland
  • Edin. Christ. Instr., xxiii.
  • Select Biog., ii. [Wodrow Soc] (Edinburgh, 1847)[17]
  • John Brown's The Christian, the Student, and Pastor (Edinburgh, 1781)
  • King's The Covenanters in the North, 375-90
  • The Covenanters in Moray and Ross, 104
  • Gen. Peg. Sas., lxiii., 186
  • Whyte's James Fraser -, Laird of Brea (Edinburgh, 1911)[18] See Also[19]
  • Elder Cumming's Holy Men of God
  • Beveridge's Fife Bibliography, 148-9; Dictionary of National Biography

References

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  1. ^ Aird, Gustavus; Gustavus Aird's sketch is often bound with Fraser's Memoirs (1891). Short Sketch of Rev. Mr Fraser. Inverness: Melven. pp. v–vi. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  2. ^ "James Fraser of Brea, Min. of Culross". Geni. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  3. ^ MacDonald, Murdoch (1875). The Covenanters in Moray and Ross. Edinburgh: Maclaren & Macniven. p. 104. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  4. ^ Mackenzie, Alexander (1896). History of the Frasers of Lovat, with genealogies of the principal families of the name: to which is added those of Dunballoch and Phopachy. Inverness: A. & W. Mackenzie. pp. 179–181. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  5. ^ MacDonald, Murdoch (1875). The Covenanters in Moray and Ross. Edinburgh: Maclaren & Macniven. p. 105. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  6. ^ Mackenzie, Alexander (1896). History of the Frasers of Lovat, with genealogies of the principal families of the name: to which is added those of Dunballoch and Phopachy. Inverness: A. & W. Mackenzie. pp. 523–527. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  7. ^ Scott, Hew (1925). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 5. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 15–16. Retrieved 23 February 2019.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ Miller, Hugh (1878). Scenes and legends of the north of Scotland; or, The traditional history of Cromarty. London: Nimmo. pp. 115–122. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  9. ^ Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae
  10. ^ King, Robert D. (1847). The Covenanters in the North [microform] : or, Sketches of the rise and progress, north of the Grampians, of the great religious and social movement of which the Covenant of 1638 was the symbol. Aberdeen : George and Robert King; London : Hamilton Adams & Co. pp. 375–390. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  11. ^ a b Walker, James (1888). The theology and theologians of Scotland : chiefly of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. pp. 80–83. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  12. ^ Macleod, Donald (2000). "Dr T. F. Torrance and Scottish Theology: a Review Article" (PDF). The Evangelical Quarterly. 72 (1). Paternoster Press. PO Box 300, Carlisle Cumbria CA 3-0QS-UK: 65. doi:10.1163/27725472-07201006. S2CID 253129805.
  13. ^ Fraser, James (1749). A Treatise on Justifying Faith. Edinburgh: Printed and Sold by William Gray at Magdalen’s Chappel within the Cowgate-Head.
  14. ^ Couper, W. J. (1926). A breach in the Reformed Presbytery, 1753. Scottish Church History Society. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  15. ^ The Original Secession Magazine. Vol. 19. Edinburgh: Robert Robertson. 1890. pp. 90–99. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  16. ^ Fraser, James (1891). Short Sketch of Rev. Mr Fraser. Inverness: Melven. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  17. ^ Fraser, James (1847). Tweedie, William King (ed.). Select biographies. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Printed for the Wodrow Society. pp. 89–377.
  18. ^ Whyte, Alexander (1911). James Fraser, Laird of Brea : parish minister of Culross Bass Rock, Blackness, and Newgate prisoner, and author of "The book of the intricacies of my heart and life. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  19. ^ *Whyte, Alexander (1913). "James Fraser". Thirteen appreciations. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson, and Ferrier. pp. 147–155. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Fraser, James (1639-1699)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

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