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Jesuit Church, Warsaw

Coordinates: 52°14′56″N 21°0′47″E / 52.24889°N 21.01306°E / 52.24889; 21.01306
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Church of the Gracious Mother of God
Façade
Map
CountryPoland
DenominationCatholic
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architect(s)Jan Frankiewicz
StylePolish Mannerism
Groundbreaking1609
Completed1626
Demolished1944
Administration
ArchdioceseWarsaw
TypeCultural
Criteriaii, vi
Designated1980
Part ofHistoric Centre of Warsaw
Reference no.30bis
Designated1994-09-08
Part ofWarsaw – historic city center with the Royal Route and Wilanów
Reference no.M.P. 1994 nr 50 poz. 423[1]

The Jesuit Church (Polish: Kościół Jezuitów), also known as Church of the Gracious Mother of God (Kościół Matki Bożej Łaskawej), is an ornate church within the Old Town precinct in Warsaw, Poland. The temple stands on Świętojańska Street [pl], adjacent to St John's Cathedral, and is one of the most notable mannerist-style churches in Warsaw.

History

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The Jesuit Church was founded by King Sigismund III Vasa and Podkomorzy Andrzej Bobola (the Old) at Piotr Skarga's initiative, in 1609, for the Jesuits. The main building was constructed between 1609 and 1626 in the Polish Mannerist style by Jan Frankiewicz.[2]

Church doors by Igor Mitoraj in daylight
Church doors by Igor Mitoraj at night
Church doors by Igor Mitoraj in daytime and illuminated at night

In 1627 the church was encompassed with three chapels,[3] and in 1635 Urszula Meyerin, a great supporter of the Society of Jesus, was buried within. Meyerin funded a silver tabernacle for the church.[4] She was also King Sigismund III's mistress, and was politically influential. Her grave was plundered and destroyed by the Swedes and Brandenburg Germans, in the 1650s, during the Deluge.[4]

A vestibule was added to the interior of the temple in 1633, and a choir was added three years later.[5] An altar made of silver was installed by Cardinal Charles Ferdinand Vasa in the 1640s.[6] The interior of the church was damaged and looted in 1656.[5]

An icon of Our Lady of Graces (Matka Boża Łaskawa), a gift from the Pope Innocent X, was introduced to the church and crowned in 1651. Its veneration has been growing, especially since the epidemic in 1664, when Blessed Virgin Mary was believed to save the city.[7]

In later years the building became more and more ornate, with baroque furnishings and marble altars and floors. Two more chapels were added. When the order of Jesuits was dissolved in 1773, the church changed ownership several times.[5] For some time it was a school church, later it was demoted to the role of the magazine of church furnishings, and then it was given to the order of Piarists. The Jesuits did not get the church back until the end of the First World War. In the 1920s and 1930s the church was renovated.

During World War II, after the Germans suppressed the Warsaw Uprising, they razed the Jesuit Church to the ground.[8] [9][10] All that remained of the four-hundred-year-old edifice was a great pile of rubble.[8][9] Between the 1950s and 1973, the church was rebuilt in a simplified architectural style.

Interior

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Jan Tarło's cenotaph by Jan Jerzy Plersch 1753, destroyed in 1944, reconstructed in 2010.

The facade is Mannerist, although the interior is completely modern, because very few of the original furnishings of the church were preserved. Inside, there are preserved fragments of a tomb monument of Jan Tarło carved by Jan Jerzy Plersch[5] in white and black marble in 1753, together with reconstructed epitaphs of Sarbiewski, Konarski, Kopczyński and Kiliński. A painting of Our Lady of Grace brought to Poland in 1651 by bishop Juan de Torres as a gift from Pope Innocent X is also displayed, along with a preserved wooden crucifix from 1383, a baroque sculpture of Our Lady of Grace, from the beginning of the 18th century, and a stone sculpture of a laying bear from the half of 18th century.[3][5]

Burials

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Memorial plaque

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Zarządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 8 września 1994 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii., M.P., 1994, vol. 50, No. 423
  2. ^ "Church of Our Lady of Grace". eGuide / Treasures of Warsaw on-line. Archived from the original on 2006-02-18. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
  3. ^ a b "O kościele (Official website)". www.laskawa.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2009-03-24.
  4. ^ a b "Metresa z różańcem w dłoni (Mistress with a rosary in her hand)". www.toporzel.gower.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Jesuits' Church (The church of Our Lady of Grace)". naszemiasto.pl. Archived from the original on 2013-08-27. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
  6. ^ Jerzy Lileyko (1984). Życie codzienne w Warszawie za Wazów (Everyday Life in Warsaw under the Vasas) (in Polish). Warsaw. ISBN 83-06-01021-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Internetowa Liturgia Godzin
  8. ^ a b "Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Łaskawej - Patronki Warszawy". www.archidiecezja.warszawa.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-05-06. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
  9. ^ a b "Kościół pw Najświętszej Marii Panny Łaskawej". www.warszawa1939.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2009-03-24.
  10. ^ Maria Kwiatkowska (1978). Katedra Św. Jana (St. John's Cathedral) (in Polish).

Images

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  • in 1627
    in 1627
  • in the 1920s
    in the 1920s
  • in 2006
    in 2006
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Our Lady of Graces church in Warsaw.

52°14′56″N 21°0′47″E / 52.24889°N 21.01306°E / 52.24889; 21.01306

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