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Kosa Pan

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Kosa Pan
โกษาปาน
French painting of Kosa Pan, in 1686
Ayutthaya Ambassador to France
In office
June 1686 – March 1687
Appointed byConstantine Phaulkon
MonarchNarai
Preceded byKhun Phichai Walit
Khun Phichit Maitri
Succeeded byOk-khun Chamnan Chai Chong
Ok-khun Wiset Phuban
Ok-muen Phiphit Racha
Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Ayutthaya
In office
1688–1699
MonarchPetracha
Preceded byOk-ya Wang
Succeeded byOk-ya Maha Amat
Personal details
Born1633 (1633)
Ayutthaya
DiedNovember 15, 1699(1699-11-15) (aged 65–66)
Ayutthaya
NationalitySiamese
ChildrenKhunthong (son)
Parents
RelativesKosa Lek (brother)
Thao Si Chulalak (sister)
Occupationdiplomat, politician
Personal seal

Kosa Pan (Thai: ปาน; 1633 – 15 November 1699) was a Siamese diplomat and minister who led the second Siamese embassy to France sent by King Narai in 1686.[1]: 262–263  He was preceded to France by the first Siamese embassy to France, which had been composed of two Siamese ambassadors and Father Bénigne Vachet, who had left Siam for France on January 5, 1684.[2]

Family

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According to historian Edward van Roy, Pan was the son of Phraya Kiat, a Mon noble who sided with Naresuan during the fourth Burmese-Siamese War, and Chao Mae Wat Dusit, daughter of King Ekathotsarot and wet nurse for Phetracha and Prince Narai, both future kings of Siam.[3][4] Through his son Khunthong, Pan was a great-great-grandfather of King Rama I, the founder of the Chakri dynasty. His older brother, Lek (เหล็ก), held the post of foreign minister before him.

Early life

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Pan was born in the Ayutthaya Kingdom around 1633. As his mother was a wet nurse for the young prince Narai, Pan was considered a foster brother to the future king.[5] Chao's connection, if any, with the then-reigning Sukhothai dynasty of the Ayutthaya Kingdom is unclear, with some speculating her to be a daughter King Ekathotsarot.[6]

Names

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A portrait of Kosa Pan by Charles Le Brun, 1686

Pan (Thai: ปาน; IPA: [paːn]) was his given name. As foreign minister, he was styled Chaophraya Kosathibodi (Thai: เจ้าพระยาโกษาธิบดี; IPA: [t͡ɕâːw.pʰrá.jaː koː.sǎː.tʰí.bɔː.diː]). He is colloquially called Kosa Pan (Thai: โกษาปาน; IPA: [koː.sǎː.paːn]).[7]

He is also known by his former style as a first-class diplomat: Ok-phra Wisut Sunthon (Thai: ออกพระวิสุทธสุนทร; IPA: [ʔɔ̀ːk.pʰrá wí.sùt sǔn.tʰɔːn]).[8] Contemporary French documents recorded his name as Ooc, Pravisoutsonthoon Raatchathoud (ออกพระวิสุทธสุนทร ราชทูต).[citation needed]

His success in diplomatic negotiations earned him the epithet golden-tongued diplomat (Thai: ราชทูตลิ้นทอง or นักการทูตลิ้นทอง).[9]

Embassy to France (1686)

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Main article: Siamese embassy to France (1686)
Siamese embassy to Louis XIV led by Pan in 1686, by Nicolas Larmessin

To accompany the return of the 1685 French embassy to Siam of Chevalier de Chaumont and François-Timoléon de Choisy, Pan was selected by Constantine Phaulkon, the Prime Counsellor to King Narai, to lead an embassy to France. Pan set out for France in 1686 on two French ships with two other Siamese ambassadors, Ok-luang Kanlaya Ratchamaitri and Ok-khun Si Wisan Wacha,[10] and by the Jesuit Father Guy Tachard.[11]

The embassy was bringing a proposal for an eternal alliance between France and Siam. Pan's embassy was met with a rapturous reception and caused a sensation in the courts and society of Europe. The mission landed at Brest, France and journeyed to Versailles, constantly surrounded by crowds of curious onlookers.[12]: 64–65  The embassy stayed in France from June 1686 to March 1687.

1688 Siamese revolution

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Pan, sketched in France (1686)
Main article: Siamese revolution (1688)

Upon his return to Siam, Pan was pressured to become a supporter of Phetracha's anti-French faction of dissatisfied nobles, who resented the power that the French held in Siam. The following revolution toppled Narai and ousted the French forces. Pan was sent to negotiate with their officials. He was appointed by Phetracha as his Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade.[13][14]

Pan was met in Siam in 1690 by the German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer. The naturalist noted "pictures of the Royal family of France and European maps" hanging "in the hall of his [Pan's] house":[15]

"He is a more comely Person, and of better aspect, than I ever met amongst this black race of mankind... He is also quick of understanding and lively action, for which reasons he was a few years ago sent Ambassador to France, of which Country, its Government, Fortresses and the like, he would often entertain us in his discourses; and the hall of his House, where we had a private audience of him, was hung with the pictures of the Royal Family of France, and European Maps, the rest of his furniture being nothing but Dust and Cobwebs.

— Engelbert Kaempfer (1727/1987:38).[16]

In 1699, Pan and Phetracha received a visit from the Jesuit Father Guy Tachard. The meeting was formal and did not produce any closer relations.[17]

Death

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Pan was later accused of having affinity to the French and loyalty to his former King, Narai. He was disgraced, and King Phetracha ordered his nose cut off. He reportedly committed suicide on 15 November 1699, according to the Dutch. His duties were taken over by Okya Maha Amath, one of the King's favorites. Pan is said to be the direct ancestor of King Rama I, founder of the present ruling dynasty of Thailand.[18]

See also

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Notes

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Ambassador Pan and Siamese envoys pay their respect to Louis XIV at his court in Versailles.
  1. ^ Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd., ISBN 9747534584
  2. ^ [1] Asia in the Making of Europe, by Donald F. Lach, p. 253
  3. ^ [2] The Diary of Kosa Pan: Thai Ambassador to France, June–July 1686, by Michael Smithies, p. 13
  4. ^ [3] Journal of the Siam Society, by Edward van Roy, p. 217
  5. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Temples & Ruins - Wat Samana Kottharam". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 2020-04-27.
  6. ^ "Puzzle of Chao Mae Dusit, progenitor of the Chakri dynasty: Commoner or princess?". www.silpa-mag.com. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
  7. ^ คำแก้ต่าง-ข้อแก้ตัวของโกษาปาน เรื่องปฏิวัติผลัดแผ่นดิน พ.ศ. ๒๒๓๑ [Explanation or excuse of Kosa Pan on 1688 coup] (in Thai). Historical Archives of the Archdiocese of Bangkok. 24 January 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  8. ^ ออกพระวิสุทธสุนทร (โกษาปาน) [Ok Phra Wisut Sunthon (Kosa Pan)] (in Thai). Historical Archives of the Archdiocese of Bangkok. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  9. ^ Royal Institute of Thailand (2011). พจนานุกรมคำใหม่ เล่ม 3 ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน [Royal Institute Dictionary of New Words, Volume 3] (PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Royal Institute of Thailand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  10. ^ Smithies (1999), p. 59
  11. ^ Gunn, p. 188
  12. ^ Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited
  13. ^ Smithies (2002), p. 35
  14. ^ Smithies (1999), p. 2
  15. ^ Suarez, p. 30
  16. ^ Quoted in Smithies (2002), p. 180
  17. ^ Smithies (2002), p. 185
  18. ^ Smithies (2002), p. 180

References

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  • Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2003) First Globalization: The Eurasian Exchange, 1500-1800 Rowman & Littlefield ISBN 0-7425-2662-3
  • Smithies, Michael (1999), A Siamese embassy lost in Africa 1686, Silkworm Books, Bangkok, ISBN 974-7100-95-9
  • Smithies, Michael (2002), Three military accounts of the 1688 "Revolution" in Siam, Itineria Asiatica, Orchid Press, Bangkok, ISBN 974-524-005-2
  • Suarez, Thomas (1999) Early Mapping of Southeast Asia Tuttle Publishing ISBN 962-593-470-7
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E-books
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