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Lex Delles

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Lex Delles
Delles in 2024
President of the Democratic Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
12 June 2022
Preceded byCorinne Cahen
Minister of Economy, SMEs and Energy
Incumbent
Assumed office
17 November 2023
Prime MinisterLuc Frieden
Preceded byFranz Fayot (Economy)
Claude Turmes (Energy)
Minister of Tourism
Incumbent
Assumed office
5 December 2018
Prime MinisterXavier Bettel
Luc Frieden
Mayor of Mondorf-les-Bains
In office
17 January 2014 – 5 December 2018
Preceded byMaggy Nagel
Succeeded bySteve Reckel
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
In office
13 November 2013 – 5 December 2018
Succeeded byCarole Hartmann
ConstituencyEast
Personal details
Born (1984-11-28) 28 November 1984 (age 39)
Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg
Political partyDemocratic Party

Lex Delles (born 28 November 1984)[1] is a Luxembourgish politician. He was mayor of Mondorf-les-Bains, Member of the Chamber of Deputies, he served as Minister for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Minister for Tourism in the second Bettel Government[2] and, from 17 November 2023 on, serves as Minister of Economy, SMEs and Engery and Tourism in the Frieden-Bettel Government.[1]

He is a member of the Democratic Party (DP).[1]

Early life

[edit]

After Delles finished his secondary studies at the Athénée royal de Neufchâteau inBelgium,[3] he began studying law at the University of Luxembourg. However, he changed his study program and graduated in educational sciences at the Haute Ecole Robert Schuman in Virton, Belgium. After his studies, he started teaching at the primary school in Lenningen.

Politics

[edit]

Delles held multiple political offices in a fast career, starting in the local politics in Mondorf-les-Bains, becoming a Member of the Chamber of Deputies in 2013 and a member of the government in 2017.[4] He has held various positions[1] in the Democratic Party and is currently party president.[5]

Party Politics

[edit]

Delles became member of the DP and it's youth department JDL in 2010.[6] He was president of the East District chapter of the JDL until 2013. He became vice-president of the DP in 2015, an office he held until 12 June 2022, when he was elected president of his party. As vice-president, he took a role as observer and largely remained out of the party's internal affairs and was said to keep in the background at party events. His style was described as factual and discreet. However, Delles was also described as a power politician who can, at times, be impatient and knows how to assert himself.[7]

On 12 June 2022, Delles was elected party president at the party congress in Bertrange. Being the only candidate for the office, he received 98,35 percent of the votes. In his candidate speech, Delles emphasized the importance to combat climate change and the, in his eyes, ambitious targets the Luxembourg government had set. He explained his view that climate policy must be socially just and can only be pursued together and not against the economy. He called zero growth and austerity policies the wrong approach to the climate crisis and claimed that the willingness of the economy to switch to climate-friendly alternatives was "immense".[8][9][10]

Local Politics

[edit]

According to his own statements, Delles ran for local office in 2011 because he was annoyed by little annoyances in everyday life in his home town of Mondorf. As his late father Roland Delles was mayor of Mondorf from 1993 to 1996, Delles is said to have learned the ropes of local politics accompanying his father to local events such as receptions, sporting events and inaugurations.[7] He received the second most votes[11] and became first alderman in a coalition of DP and The Greens.[12] He was sworn in on 7 November 2011.[13] After the 2013 general election, then-mayor Maggy Nagel became Minister of Culture and Public Housing, an office incompatible with being mayor. As the next ranking politician, Delles became mayor of Mondorf-les-Bains. Being also a Member of the Chamber of Deputies, Delles was the youngest deputé-maire, being 29 years old at the time.

Lex Delles (left) as mayor of Mondorf-les-Bains, next with mayor of Remich Henri Kox,and aldermen Steve Reckel and Steve Schleck, in 2015.

In the local elections in 2017, Delles received the most votes and his party had a ruling majority of 6 from 11 seats.[14] However, he decided to form another coalition with The Greens, citing his friendship with and loyalty to Alderman Steve Schleck as reason. This agreement also brought a certain stability for Delles, as his majority was one seat larger.[7]

As part of his municipal responsibilities, Delles was chairman of the Syndicat intercommunal pour la création, l'aménagement, la promotion et l'exploitation d'une zone d'activités économiques à caractère régional dans le canton de Remich (SIAER - Triangle vert) from March 2014 until December 2018.[1]

Chamber of Deputies

[edit]

The 2013 general election was Delles first try at a national mandate. He was a candidate in the East constituency, where he was number three on the list of candidates. Lead candidate in the east was Maggy Nagel,[15] with whom Delles was working together in local politics. She is considered his political mentor.[7] Delles got the second most votes of his party in his constituency. As his party won back a second seat in the East, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies.[16] D

Delles in 2016

Delles was chairman of the commission for education, children and youth from 2013 to 2018. He was a member of the commissions on civil service and administrative reform; on agriculture, viticulture, rural development and consumer protection; on culture; on petitions; on public housing; on Higher Education, Research, Media, Communications and Space (for the Higher Education and Research aspects); and on Institutions and Constitutional Review (for certain law projects). From 2015 to 2018, Delles was also an alternate member of the Luxembourg delegation to the Benelux Interparliamentary Consultative Council.[1][17] During his mandate, Delles asked a total of 45 parliamentary questions, often related to local matters in his constituency or his home town of Mondorf-les-Bains, where he mayor.[7][17] He was rapporteur on 24 laws, mainly in the area of education, where he was president of the commission, but also some laws in the area of institutional reform, in particular the separation of church and state.[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Delles was described as "not being very active" in the Chamber of Deputies.[7] When Maggy Nagel resigned as Minister for Housing and Culture in 2015, it was speculated that Delles could take over as Minister, as he was from the same constituency. Later, it was revealed that he was asked, but refused the post.[4]

General Election 2018

[edit]

Delles was lead candidate in the East constituency for his party for the general election in 2018. During the election campaign, Delles dedicated himself to education policy as an election campaign issue, emphasising the reforms of the previous legislative period that his fellow party member Claude Meisch had initiated and for which he had been rapporteur.[42] His home town of Mondorf-les-Bains was one of four communes where the DP had the majority of votes.[43] Delles got 10 401 votes, the second most in his constituency. His party won two seats again, and went from 18,63 percent of the votes to 20,66 percent.[44] As he became part of the government, Delles second mandate as member of the Chamber of Deputies was short, from 30 October to 5 December 2018. During this time, he was interim president of the DP parliamentary group.[17] Delles was also replaced as mayor of Mondorf-les-Bains by Steve Reckel.[45]

Minister for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Minister for Tourism

[edit]

Before the coalition agreement between DP, LSAP and The Greens was finalised and the Bettel II government was presented, Delles was already speculated as being part of the government, as Minister of Interior.[46] He was sworn in as Minister for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Minister for Tourism on 5 December 2018. With 34 years, he was the youngest member of the government.[47][48] At the beginning of his term, Delles stated his priorities were the strengthening of congress tourism, regulation of homestay providers such as Airbnb, the expansion of tourist cycling and hiking trails and, for small and medium-sized enterprises, a reform of the law on shop opening hours.[49]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, not all of these projects, for example the reform of opening hours, could be realised.[7] Delles focussed instead to aiding the struggling tourism and hospitality industry in Luxembourg, mostly by giving out financial aids. This led to heightened media presence: During 2020, Delles was among the four people that were invited most often – four times – for the daily interview show Invité vun der Redaktioun at RTL Radio Luxembourg, the most important radio station in the country. He was the only politician to be invited this often.[50] This might have helped his popularity: between October 2019 and November 2020, his poll ratings rose by ten per cent and he climbed from 16th to sixth place in the ratings within a year.[7] In April 2021, Delles stated that his ministry had paid over 326 million Euro in financial aid, with over 197 million being non-refundable aid. 92 million of these had been paid out to hotels and other tourism related enterprises. Since the tourism sector was hit hard by the of the effects of the measures against the pandemic, he promoted domestic tourism.

One measure was the issuing of 50 Euro hotel vouchers to all Luxembourg residents over the age of 16 and all cross-border commuters in order to boost tourism in the Grand Duchy.[51] In November 2020, only 67 000 out of 730 096 vouchers had been used. Some hotel owners criticized the action and the governmental aids as too low to be able to secure their survival.[52] The vouchers were originally valid until 31 December 2020, but their validity was first extended until 18 April 2021 and a second time until 15 September 2021. At the end of March 2021, 108 744 vouchers had been used, amounting to over 5,4 million Euro in financial aid for the tourism sector.[53] Other measures to promote domestic tourism introduced in 2020 were a service to transport luggage from one hotel to another when tourists were cycling or hiking and the Vëlosummer (bike summer).[54] Initially, 16 country roads would be closed to motorised traffic and thus become an additional option for leisure cyclists. However, nine communes vetoed the plans on their territory and other routes were changed in a manner that the project was a lot smaller than presented at the beginning.[55] The Vëlosummer would continue in the following years, accompanied by criticism that longer cycle tours were only possible on a few weekends because many municipalities did not agree that roads on their territory should be closed to motorised traffic for a longer period of time.[56]

In May 2021, Delles announced the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg would buy back the boat MS Regensburg previously known as Marie-Astrid II, which was floating on the river Moselle when the Schengen agreement was signed on 14 June 1985.[57][58] The boat had been sold in 1992. On 3 August 2021, Delles signed the purchase agreement for 630 000 Euro. The boat was to be renovated and turned into a museum which would be anchored in the town of Schengen. The whole project should be finished in 2025 and was projected to cost around 6 million Euro.[59][60][61] Delles stated that he was very proud of the "special project of the return of the first MS 'Princesse Marie-Astrid' to Luxembourg" and that during his political career it had been a real thorn in his side that Luxembourg had sold the ship, which represented one of the biggest milestones in EU history.[62]

At the end of his term, Delles stated that he had reduced the processing time for business establishment licences to less than seven days on average. He also introduced new assistance for start-ups and passed a law that gives entrepreneurs a second chance so that they are no longer excluded from setting up another company in the event of bankruptcy.[63] These regulatory actions were seen as an indication that Delles is very economically liberal.[7] Delles also emphasised the importance of ecologically sound tourism, which would attract nature loving tourists to Luxembourg.[62]

General election 2023

[edit]

During the campaign for the 2023 general election, Delles was again lead candidate for the DP in the East constituency, together with Carole Hartmann. Again, his home town of Mondorf-les-Bains was one of the five communes where his party had the majority of the votes. Delles got 13 042 votes, close to CSV candidate Léon Gloden who got the most votes in the East. His party got 22,92 percent of the votes, compared to 20,66 percent of the votes in the 2018 election, which translated in two out of six seats of the constituency. As such, Delles won a seat in the Chamber of Deputies. To to his being a Minister, whose terms only come to an end with the swearing-in of a new government, he was not again member of the Chamber of Deputies. Delles was part of the DP delegation coalition talks between the CSV and his party, which resulted in the formation of the Frieden-Bettel government.[64]

Minister for the Economy, SME and Tourism

[edit]
Delles in 2024

On 17 November 2023, Delles was sworn in as Minister for the Economy, SME and Tourism, together with the other members of the government. As competences shifted with the new coalition treaty, external trade was now one of the responsibilities of the new Foreign Minister Xavier Bettel. The energy portfolio, which had been a separate ministry during the Bettel II government, is now again part of the Ministry of Economy.[65]

In December 2023, Delles stated that his priorities for the new legislative period were the development of new areas for business parks and the expansion of Luxembourg's data centre capacities for artificial intelligence. He also wants to expand the sectors of space activities, health tech, logistics and transport. Attracting talent in the skilled trades and the hotel and catering industry is also important. In the area of renewable energy expansion, the CSV-DP government wants to abolish the private pre-financing of state subsidies so that people who have a photovoltaic system installed on their roof only have to pay the difference between the state subsidy and the price.[6] During a debate about the stance of the government on nuclear power in May 2024, Delles emphasised the need for expansion of renewable energies, but stated that Luxembourg, importing 84 percent of its electricity,should hold back its opinion towards countries that have or want to build nuclear power plants.[66] Energy prices, which had risen in 2022 due to the energy crisis, had since been subsidised by the Luxembourg government in order to ease the burden on households. These subsidies are due to expire in 2025. In February 2024, Delles said he was in favour of a slow phase-out of these measures.[67]

Personal life

[edit]

Delles is married to Romain Mousty, an owner of a shoe shop in Mondorf-les-Bains.[7] He cites Kniddelen with lard as his favorite dish.[4][3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Profile". The Luxembourg Government. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  2. ^ "The formation of the 2018 government". The Luxembourg Government. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b Léonard, Nicolas. "Dix choses que vous ignoriez sur Lex Delles". paperjam.lu (in French). Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  4. ^ a b c Schock, Pol (28 December 2018). "Politik als Nebensache: Über den beeindruckenden Aufstieg von Lex Delles" (in German). Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  5. ^ "Steering Committee | Demokratesch Partei". 21 May 2021. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  6. ^ a b Kunzmann, Stefan (27 December 2023). "Interview mit Minister Lex Delles / "Die Wirtschaft steht im Dienst des Landes und der Menschen, die hier leben"" [Interview with Minister Lex Delles / "The economy is at the service of the country and the people who live here"]. Tageblatt.lu (in German). Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Laboulle, Luc (1 July 2022). "Der neue Bettel aus dem Osten". d’Lëtzebuerger Land. Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  8. ^ Montebrusco, Lucien (12 June 2022). "Landeskongress / Lex Delles wird neuer Präsident der DP". Tageblatt (in German). Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  9. ^ Gaulier, Joseph (12 June 2022). "DP wählt Lex Delles zum neuen Parteivorsitzenden". L'essentiel (in German). Retrieved 16 May 2024.
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  12. ^ "Koalitionsabkommen unter Dach und Fach". Luxemburger Wort. 13 October 2011. p. 24.
  13. ^ "17 Schöffenrate offiziell im Amt". Luxemburger Wort. 8 November 2011. p. 18.
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  21. ^ "Projet de loi portant création d'un lycée à Mondorf-les-Bains et modification 1° de la loi du 22 juillet 2008 portant création d'un lycée à Junglinster ; 2° de loi modifiée du 13 juin 2013 portant création d'un lycée à Clervaux ; 3° de loi modifiée du 26 février 2016 portant création d'une école internationale publique à Differdange ; 4° de la loi du 15 décembre 2017 concernant le budget des recettes et des dépenses de l'Etat pour l'exercice 2018". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
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  23. ^ "Projet de loi portant approbation du Protocole facultatif à la Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant établissant une procédure de présentation de communications, signé à Genève le 28 février 2012". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  24. ^ "Projet de loi portant création d'un Institut de formation de l'éducation nationale et modifiant 1) la loi modifiée du 7 octobre 1993 ayant pour objet a) la création d'un Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l'Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques b) la création d'un Centre de Gestion Informatique de l'Éducation c) l'institution d'un Conseil scientifique, 2) la loi modifiée du 25 juin 2004 portant organisation des lycées et lycées techniques, 3) la loi modifiée du 6 février 2009 concernant le personnel de l'enseignement fondamental, 4) la loi modifiée du 6 février 2009 portant organisation de l'enseignement fondamental, 5) la loi modifiée du 12 mai 2009 portant création d'une École de la 2e Chance, 6) la loi du 15 juillet 2011 visant l'accès aux qualifications scolaires et professionnelles des élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers, 7) la loi du 25 mars 2015 fixant le régime des traitements et les conditions et modalités d'avancement des fonctionnaires de l'État 8) le Code de la sécurité sociale, et abrogeant la loi modifiée du 21 mai 1999 concernant la fonction de candidat dans les carrières enseignantes de l'enseignement postprimaire". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  25. ^ "Projet de loi portant création d'une école internationale publique à Differdange". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  26. ^ "Projet de loi modifiant 1. la loi modifiée du 6 février 2009 concernant le personnel de l'enseignement fondamental ; 2. la loi du 25 mars 2015 fixant les conditions et modalités de l'accès du fonctionnaire à un groupe de traitement supérieur au sien et de l'employé de l'Etat à un groupe d'indemnité supérieur au sien ; 3. la loi modifiée du 25 mars 2015 fixant le régime des traitements et les conditions et modalités d'avancement des fonctionnaires de l'Etat". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  27. ^ "Projet de loi modifiant la loi modifiée du 19 juin 2009 portant organisation de l'enseignement supérieur, - fixant les modalités du cycle d'études d'enseignement supérieur aboutissant à la délivrance du brevet de technicien supérieur ; - modifiant la loi modifiée du 4 septembre 1990 portant réforme de l'enseignement secondaire technique et de la formation professionnelle continue ; - fixant les modalités d'implantation de formations d'enseignement supérieur ou de création de filiales ou d'établissements privés ou publics sur le territoire du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; - abrogeant la loi du 14 août 1976 déterminant les conditions de création d'établissements privés d'enseignement supérieur". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  28. ^ "Projet de loi portant introduction du cours commun "vie et société" dans l'enseignement secondaire et secondaire technique et modifiant 1) la loi modifiée du 10 mai 1968 portant réforme de l'enseignement, (Titre VI : de l'enseignement secondaire), 2) la loi modifiée du 4 septembre 1990 portant réforme de l'enseignement secondaire technique et de la formation professionnelle continue, et 3) la loi modifiée du 25 juillet 2005 portant création d'un lycée-pilote". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  29. ^ "Projet de loi réglant le montant et les modalités d'octroi du soutien financier annuel à l'Eglise protestante du Luxembourg et à l'Eglise protestante réformée du Luxembourg, arrêtant les exemptions en matière d'acquisition d'immeubles affectés à l'exercice du culte protestant, conférant la personnalité juridique aux Eglises protestantes et portant abrogation de la loi du 23 novembre 1982 portant approbation de la convention de reconnaissance de l'Eglise protestante réformée du Luxembourg, octroi de la personnalité juridique à celle-ci et détermination des fonctions et emplois rémunérés par l'Etat, et de la loi du 10 juillet 1998 portant approbation de la convention du 31 octobre 1997 entre le Gouvernement, d'une part, et l'Eglise protestante du Luxembourg, d'autre part". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  30. ^ "Projet de loi réglant le montant et les modalités d'octroi du soutien financier annuel à la communauté israélite du Luxembourg, arrêtant les exemptions en matière d'acquisition d'immeubles affectés à l'exercice du culte israélite, conférant la personnalité juridique au Consistoire israélite et portant abrogation de la loi du 10 juillet 1998 portant approbation de la Convention du 31 octobre 1997 entre le Gouvernement, d'une part, et les communautés israélites du Luxembourg, d'autre part". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  31. ^ "Projet de loi réglant le montant et les modalités d'octroi du soutien financier annuel à l'Eglise orthodoxe au Luxembourg, arrêtant les exemptions en matière d'acquisition d'immeubles affectés à l'exercice du culte orthodoxe, conférant la personnalité juridique aux Eglises orthodoxes et portant abrogation de la loi du 10 juillet 1998 portant approbation de la convention du 31 octobre 1997 entre le Gouvernement, d'une part, et l'Eglise orthodoxe hellénique du Luxembourg, d'autre part, et de la loi du 11 juin 2004 autorisant l'Etat à prendre en charge les traitements et pensions des ministres du culte des Eglises Orthodoxes Roumaine et Serbe du Luxembourg et conférant la personnalité juridique de droit public auxdites Eglises". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  32. ^ "Projet de loi réglant le montant et les modalités d'octroi du soutien financier annuel à la Communauté musulmane du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, arrêtant les exemptions en matière d'acquisition d'immeubles affectés à l'exercice du culte musulman et conférant la personnalité juridique à l'Assemblée de la Communauté musulmane du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  33. ^ "Projet de loi réglant le montant et les modalités d'octroi du soutien financier annuel à l'Eglise anglicane du Luxembourg, arrêtant les exemptions en matière d'acquisition d'immeubles affectés à l'exercice du culte anglican, conférant la personnalité juridique à ladite Eglise et portant abrogation de la loi du 11 juin 2004 autorisant l'Etat à prendre en charge les traitements et pensions des ministres du culte de l'Eglise anglicane du Luxembourg et conférant la personnalité juridique de droit public à ladite Eglise". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  34. ^ "Projet de loi réglant le montant et les modalités d'octroi du soutien financier annuel à l'Eglise catholique, arrêtant les exemptions en matière d'acquisition d'immeubles affectés à l'exercice du culte catholique et portant 1. modification de la loi modifiée du 30 avril 1873 sur la création de l'évêché 2. modification de certaines dispositions du Code du Travail 3. abrogation de la loi du 10 juillet 1998 portant approbation de la Convention du 31 octobre 1997 entre le Gouvernement, d'une part, et l'Archevêché, d'autre part, portant refixation des cadres du culte catholique et réglant certaines matières connexes 4. abrogation de certaines dispositions de la loi modifiée du 22 juin 1963 fixant le régime des traitements des fonctionnaires de l'Etat". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
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  37. ^ "Projet de loi portant modification de la loi modifiée du 7 octobre 1993 ayant pour objet 1. la création d'un Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l'Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques ; 2. la création d'un « Centre de Gestion Informatique de l'Education » ; 3. l'institution d'un Conseil scientifique". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  38. ^ "Projet de loi portant modification 1. de la loi modifiée du 6 février 2009 portant organisation de l'enseignement fondamental; 2. de la loi modifiée du 6 février 2009 concernant le personnel de l'enseignement fondamental; 3. de la loi modifiée du 7 octobre 1993 ayant pour objet a) la création d'un Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l'Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques; b) la création d'un « Centre de Gestion Informatique de l'Éducation »; c) l'institution d'un Conseil scientifique; 4. de la loi modifiée du 9 décembre 2005 déterminant les conditions et modalités de nomination de certains fonctionnaires occupant des fonctions dirigeantes dans les administrations et services de l'Etat; 5. de la loi modifiée du 13 juillet 2006 portant réorganisation du centre de psychologie et d'orientation scolaires (CPOS); 6. de la loi du 6 février 2009 relative à l'obligation scolaire; 7. de la loi modifiée du 25 mars 2015 fixant le régime des traitements et les conditions et modalités d'avancement des fonctionnaires de l'Etat; 8. de la loi du 30 juillet 2015 portant création d'un Institut de formation de l'éducation nationale". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  39. ^ "Projet de loi portant organisation de la reprise des enseignants de religion et des chargés de cours de religion et portant modification de 1. la loi modifiée du 6 février 2009 concernant le personnel de l'enseignement fondamental ; 2. la loi modifiée du 10 juillet 1998 portant approbation de la Convention du 31 octobre 1997 entre le Gouvernement, d'une part, et l'Archevêché, d'autre part, concernant l'organisation de l'enseignement religieux dans l'enseignement primaire". www.chd.lu (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
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