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List of LGBTQ firsts by year

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) firsts by year denotes pioneering LGBTQ endeavors organized chronologically. Openly LGBTQ people remain a demographic minority in most places. In areas that historically are not known for having (or being friendly to) LGBTQ people who do not remain closeted, a "first" can make it easier for other openly LGBTQ persons to enter the field or for those who are closeted to come out. Openly LGBTQ people being visible in society affects societal attitudes toward homosexuality, bisexuality, and the transgender community on a wider level.

One commonly cited example is Michael McConnell and Jack Baker, the first openly gay couple to apply for a marriage license in 1971. Another is Harvey Milk, the first openly gay person to be elected to political office in California, becoming the most visible LGBTQ politician in the world in the 1970s, after decades of resistance to LGBTQ people by mainstream culture. Milk encouraged LGBTQ people to "come out of the closet" during his speeches; as a result of his work and his assassination—along with San Francisco mayor George Moscone—thousands of ordinary people did so. In 2002, Milk was called "the most famous and most significantly open LGBT official ever elected in the United States".[1]

1600s

1672

  • The Life and Struggles of Our Mother Wälättä P̣eṭros (1672) contains the first reference to homosexuality between nuns in Ethiopian literature.[2][3]

1800s to 1930s

1896

  • The first issue of Der Eigene appeared in Berlin. It was one of the first gay periodicals in the world.[4]

1897

1904

  • German journalist Anna Rüling, in a speech to the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, made one of the first known public statements of the social and legal problems faced by lesbians.[6]
  • In December, Karl M. Baer became the first transgender person to undergo gender-affirming surgery.[7]

1912

  • The first explicit reference to lesbianism in a Mormon magazine occurred when the Young Woman's Journal paid tribute to "Sappho of Lesbos".[8]

1918

1919

1923

1924

1927

  • Wings was released and included possibly the first on screen male-male kiss in cinema.[15]

1930s

1931

1936

  • Mona's 440 Club, the first lesbian bar in America, opened in San Francisco.[18][19] Mona's waitresses and female performers wore tuxedos and patrons dressed their roles.[19]

1937

Hein Vos

1939

  • Frances V. Rummell, an educator and a teacher of French at Stephens College, published an autobiography under the title Diana: A Strange Autobiography; it was the first explicitly lesbian autobiography in which two women end up happily together.[21] This autobiography was published with a note saying, "The publishers wish it expressly understood that this is a true story, the first of its kind ever offered to the general reading public".[21]

1940s

1944

  • The poet Robert Duncan became the first prominent American to reveal his homosexuality. This occurred when in 1944, using his own name in the anarchist magazine Politics, he wrote that homosexuals were an oppressed minority.[22]

1945

1947

  • Vice Versa began publication as the first lesbian-interest publication in the United States.[24]

1950s

  • Rina Natan became the first transgender woman in Israel to undergo gender-affirming surgery.[25]

1950

1952

Cover of Spring Fire (1952) by Vin Packer (a.k.a. Marijane Meaker)

1955

1956

  • The Ladder, widely considered the first lesbian magazine in the United States, began publication.[34] It was the primary publication and method of communication for the Daughters of Bilitis, the first lesbian organization in the US.[35]

1958

  • The first gay leather bar in the United States, the Gold Coast, opened in Chicago in 1958. It was founded by Dom Orejudos and Chuck Renslow.[36]
  • One, Inc. v. Olesen, 355 U.S. 371 (1958), was the first U.S. Supreme Court ruling to deal with homosexuality and the first to address free speech rights with respect to homosexuality. The Supreme Court reversed a lower court ruling that the gay magazine ONE magazine violated obscenity laws, thus upholding constitutional protection for pro-homosexual writing.[37]

1959

  • South, the earliest known gay TV drama, was first broadcast in the UK on 24 November 1959. Two other dramas based on the court trials of Oscar Wilde and Sir Roger Casement, who were both charged with homosexuality, were produced a year later.[38]

1960s

1960

  • Fannie Mae Clackum and Grace Garner, U.S. Air Force reservists in the late 1940s and early 1950s, became the first people to successfully challenge their discharges from the U.S. military for being gay, although the ruling turned on the fact that there was not enough evidence to show the women were lesbians—rather than that there was nothing wrong with it if they were.[39]
  • Nancy Ledins, an ordained Catholic priest, came out as a transgender woman, arguably becoming the first woman and first openly transgender Catholic priest.[40]

1961

  • José Sarria became the first openly gay person to run for public office in the United States (San Francisco city-county supervisor).[41]
  • The Rejected, the first documentary on homosexuality broadcast on American television, was first broadcast on KQED TV in San Francisco on 11 September 1961.[42]
  • Victim was the first British film to explicitly name homosexuality and deal with it sympathetically.[43]

1962

  • The Tavern Guild, the first gay business association in the United States, was created by gay bar owners in 1962 as a response to continued police harassment and closing of gay bars (including the Tay-Bush Inn raid), and continued until 1995.[44]

1964

  • The first photograph of lesbians on the cover of lesbian magazine The Ladder appeared in September 1964, showing two women from the back, on a beach looking out to sea.
  • The June 1964 Paul Welch Life article entitled "Homosexuality In America" was the first time a national publication reported on gay issues.
  • The Council on Religion and the Homosexual was founded, and was one of the first groups in the U.S. to use the word "homosexual" in its name.

1965

  • Vanguard, an organization of LGBT youth in the low-income Tenderloin district of San Francisco, was created in 1965. It is considered the first Gay Liberation organization in the U.S.[45][46]
  • The Council on Religion and the Homosexual held an event where local politicians could be questioned about issues concerning gay and lesbian people, including police intimidation. The event marks the second known instance of "the gay vote" being sought. The first was during the early homosexual emancipation movement in Germany.

1966

  • The first lesbian to appear on the cover of lesbian magazine The Ladder with her face showing was Lilli Vincenz in January 1966.
  • In 1966 the first case to consider transidentity in the US was heard, Mtr. of Anonymous v. Weiner, 50 Misc. 2d 380, 270 N.Y.S.2d 319 (1966). The case concerned a transgender person from New York City who had undergone sex reassignment surgery and wanted a change of name and sex on their birth certificate. The New York City Health Department refused to grant the request, and the court ruled that the New York City and New Jersey Health Code only permitted a change of sex on the birth certificate if an error was made recording it at birth, so the Health Department acted correctly. The decision of the court in Weiner was affirmed in a case brought by Deborah Hartin, Mtr. of Hartin v. Dir. of Bur. of Recs., 75 Misc. 2d 229, 232, 347 N.Y.S.2d 515 (1973) and Anonymous v. Mellon, 91 Misc. 2d 375, 383, 398 N.Y.S.2d 99 (1977).
  • The Society for Individual Rights opened the first gay and lesbian community center in the United States.

1967

1968

  • In the aftermath of the Compton's Cafeteria riot, a network of transgender social, psychological, and medical support services was established, which culminated in 1968 with the creation of the National Transsexual Counseling Unit (NTCU), the first such peer-run support and advocacy organization in the world.[50]

1969

  • Rev. James Lewis Stoll, M. Div. (January 18, 1936 – December 8, 1994), a Unitarian Universalist minister, became the first ordained minister of an established denomination to come out as gay. He went on to lead the effort that convinced the Unitarian Universalist Association to pass their first-ever gay rights resolution in 1970.[51]
  • The Gay Liberation Front was formed in America, and it was the first gay organization to use "gay" in its name.

1960s (year unknown)

  • In the late 1960s in New York, Mario Martino founded the Labyrinth Foundation Counseling Service, which was the first transgender community-based organization that specifically addressed the needs of female-to-male transgender people.

1970s

1970

  • The Amazon Bookstore Cooperative opened, the first lesbian/feminist bookstore in the U.S. It later became True Colors bookstore (with a labrys acting as the "T",) but has since closed.[52]
  • On June 27, 1970, the first gay and lesbian pride parade in the world was held in Chicago, followed by a march in New York City and a parade in Los Angeles on June 28, 1970, to commemorate the anniversary of the Stonewall riots.[53] Today such parades are held annually throughout the world.[54]
  • In September 1970, University of Southern California staff member Del Whan taught the first LGBTQ class at USC. Her class, entitled "Social Movement: Gay Liberation" was offered through the Experimental College. It soon evolved into a student group called The Gay Liberation Forum, the first gay and lesbian group on campus. After years of struggle, the group was finally recognized by USC in 1975. It continues today under the name Queer and Ally Student Assembly.
  • In 1970, the Task Force on Gay Liberation formed within the American Library Association. Now known as the Rainbow Round Table, this organization is the oldest LGBTQ professional organization in the United States.[55]

1971

1972

  • The first gay Democratic political club, the Alice B. Toklas Democratic Club, was founded by political activist Jim Foster. The first meeting took place in San Fransisco on Valentine's day.
  • The first gay rights legislation was enacted in America, on March 7, 1972. The East Lansing, Michigan, city council approved by a vote of 4-to-1 an act declaring the city must seek to "employ the best applicant for each vacancy on the basis of his [sic] qualifications for the job and without regard to race, color, creed, national origin, sex or homosexuality."
  • The city of Ann Arbor, Michigan took East Lansing's measure (which was limited to government hiring) further in July, prohibiting discrimination against gays by public and private parties not only in employment but in housing and public accommodations, as well – the first community-wide gay rights legislation in the nation. Ann Arbor's act was spurred by the election to the city council in 1972 of Jerry DeGrieck and Nancy Wechsler, who had run on the Human Rights Party ticket. Both would come out as gay in 1973.
  • In July, Jim Foster became the first openly gay delegate to address a major party presidential nominating convention, the Democratic National Convention, held at the Miami Beach Convention Center in Miami Beach, Florida, on July 10 to July 13.
  • Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern endorsed gay rights, the first US presidential candidate in history to do so; as a result, some party stalwarts denounced him.
  • In July, William Johnson became the first openly gay person to be ordained in a mainline Protestant denomination, the United Church of Christ.[74]
  • Nancy Wechsler and Jerry DeGrieck simultaneously became the first openly lesbian and openly gay male elected officials in the United States. Both were recent graduates of the University of Michigan when they were elected to the Ann Arbor City Council in 1972 as members of the Human Rights Party. They came out at a city council meeting in October 1973 when the Chief of Police was in attendance. An anti-gay attack at a local bar had occurred the night before, which violated the recently passed Human Rights Ordinance, and they wanted to ask the Chief of Police why the police were unaware of the contents of the ordinance.[75]
  • Camille Mitchell became the first open lesbian to be awarded custody of her children in a divorce case, although the judge restricted the arrangement by precluding Mitchell's lover from moving in with her and the children.[76]
  • Freda Smith became the first openly lesbian minister in the Metropolitan Community Church (she was also their first female minister).[77][78]
  • Madeline Davis became the first openly lesbian delegate elected to a major political convention when she was elected to the Democratic National Convention in Miami, Florida. She addressed the convention in support of the inclusion of a gay rights plank in the Democratic Party platform. In 1972 she also, along with Margaret Small, taught the first course on lesbianism in the United States (Lesbianism 101 at the University at Buffalo.) That year she also wrote and recorded Stonewall Nation, the first gay pride anthem, which was produced on 45 RPM record by the Mattachine Society of the Niagara Frontier.
  • Jobriath Boone became the first openly gay rock musician to be signed to a major record label, Elektra Records.
  • Australian soap opera Number 96 featured the first openly gay and regular character (played by Joe Hasham) on television anywhere in the world. Hasham's character, Don Finlayson, continued until the show was cancelled in 1978. Both the character and the actor were wildly popular.[79]
  • Hawaii became the first state to decriminalize consensual homosexual sex acts between adults, while Delaware became the sixth state in the nation to repeal its sodomy law.
  • New York City Mayor John Lindsay issued an anti-bias order protecting city employees from discrimination based on homosexuality. Meanwhile, in San Francisco, the Board of Supervisors banned discrimination based on gender and sexual orientation for both the city and those doing business with the city.
  • National Coalition of Gay Organizations called for the repeal of all legislative provisions that restrict the sex of persons entering into a marriage unit and extension of legal benefits of marriage to all persons who cohabit regardless of sex.[80]
  • The first gay studies program in the U.S. began at Sacramento State University in California.
  • In October, the U.S. Supreme Court declines to hear the appeal of Baker v. Nelson "for want of a substantial federal question" in a state court case where two men challenged Minnesota's refusal to approve their application for a marriage license. It was the first legal challenge for same-sex marriage.[81]
  • In October, Maryland became the first U.S. state to pass a statute banning marriage between homosexual couples[82]
  • In November, That Certain Summer aired on ABC, the first television screenplay to sensitively explore homosexuality through the story of an American housewife (Hope Lange) losing her husband (Hal Holbrook) to a young artist (Martin Sheen).
  • The American Psychiatric Association (APA) voted 13–0 to remove homosexuality from its DSM-II (the official list of psychiatric disorders). The APA also passed a resolution urging an end to all private and public discrimination against homosexuals.
  • Beth Chayim Chadashim was founded in 1972 as the first LGBTQ synagogue in the world, and the first LGBT synagogue recognized by the Union for Reform Judaism.[83]
  • A Quaker group, the Committee of Friends on Bisexuality, issued the "Ithaca Statement on Bisexuality" supporting bisexuals.[84] The Statement, which may have been "the first public declaration of the bisexual movement" and "was certainly the first statement on bisexuality issued by an American religious assembly," appeared in the Quaker Friends Journal and The Advocate in 1972.[85][86][87] Today Quakers have varying opinions on LGBTQ people and rights, with some Quaker groups more accepting than others.[88]
  • Twin Peaks Tavern became the first gay bar to have clear windows in San Francisco. Prior to this, its windows were blacked out.

1973

  • Sally Miller Gearhart became the first open lesbian to obtain a tenure-track faculty position when she was hired by San Francisco State University, where she helped establish one of the first women and gender study programs in the country.[89]
  • Lavender Country, an American country music band, released a self-titled album. It was the first known gay-themed album in country music history.[90]
  • Jim Morris became the first openly gay bodybuilder to win AAU Mr. America overall, most muscular, best arms, and best chest titles.[91]

1974

  • The first lesbian kiss occurred on television, on the British BBC drama Girl, between Alison Steadman and Myra Frances.[92]
  • Kathy Kozachenko became the first openly gay or lesbian candidate to win public office in the United States (she won a seat on the Ann Arbor, Michigan, city council). She was elected from the Human Rights Party and replaced Nancy Wechsler, who did not run for re-election.
  • Elaine Noble became the first openly gay or lesbian candidate ever elected to a state-level office in America when she was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives.[93] She had come out as a lesbian during her campaign.[93]
  • In December, Allan Spear, a member of the Minnesota Senate, came out. He served almost thirty years, including nearly a decade as President of the Senate.
  • Angela Morley became the first openly transgender person to be nominated for an Academy Award, when she was nominated for one in the category of Best Music, Original Song Score/Adaptation for The Little Prince (1974), a nomination shared with Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe, and Douglas Gamley.
  • In December, the lambda was officially declared the international symbol for gay and lesbian rights by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • The world's first gay softball league was formed in San Francisco in 1974 as the Community Softball League, which eventually included both women's and men's teams. The teams, usually sponsored by gay bars, competed against each other and the San Francisco Police softball team.[94]
  • Australian TV series The Box, set in a fictional TV station, introduced two regular gay characters: gay director Lee Whiteman (played by Paul Karo) and lesbian journalist Vicki Stafford (Judy Nunn).

1975

  • Minneapolis became the first city in the United States to pass trans-inclusive civil rights protection legislation.[95]
  • Clela Rorex clerk in Boulder County, Colorado, issued the first same-sex marriage licenses in the United States, issuing the very first of them to Dave McCord and Dave Zamora, on March 26, 1975.[96] Six same-sex marriages were performed as a result of her giving out licenses, but all of the marriages were overturned later that year.[96]
  • A group of twelve women became the first group of women in Japan to publicly identify as lesbians, publishing one issue of a magazine called Subarashi Onna (Wonderful Women).[97]
  • In September, the South Australian government was the first government in Australia to decriminalise male homosexuality.

1976

  • In 1976 the first case in the United States which found that post-operative transsexuals could marry in their post-operative sex was decided. It was the New Jersey case M.T. v. J.T., 140 N.J. Super. 77, 355 A.2d 204, cert. denied 71 N.J. 345 (1976). Here the court expressly considered the English Corbett v. Corbett decision, but rejected its reasoning.
  • Tom Gallagher became the first United States Foreign Service officer to come out as gay; he quit the Foreign Service after that, as he would have been unable to obtain a security clearance.[98][99][100]
  • Patricia Nell Warren's third novel, The Fancy Dancer (1976) was the first bestseller to portray a gay priest and to explore gay life in a small town.
  • The Bob Newhart Show's S5E3, Some Of My Best Friends Are... (1976) was the first TV show with a gay character, played by Howard Hessman, a new member of[Dr. Hartley's group therapy.
  • Australian Capital Territory (ACT) was the second state or territory in Australia to decriminalise male homosexuality. The bill had been drafted before South Australia in 1975, but as the ACT did not have self-governance at the time, Canberra relied on the federal government to pass the law.

1977

1978

Harvey Milk in 1978. Milk was the first openly gay elected politician in California.
  • Harvey Milk became the first openly gay or lesbian candidate elected to political office in California, and the seventh openly gay/lesbian elected official nationally (the third man to be openly gay at time of his election)
  • Allen Bennett became the first openly gay rabbi in the United States in 1978.[118]
  • Samois, the first lesbian S&M group in the United States, was founded.[119]
  • Robin Tyler became the first out lesbian on U.S. national television, appearing on a Showtime comedy special hosted by Phyllis Diller. The same year she released her comedy album, Always a Bridesmaid, Never a Groom, the first comedy album by an out lesbian.[120]
  • Gilbert Baker raised the first Rainbow Flag at San Francisco Pride on June 25, 1978.
  • Elizabeth Ettorre completed the first Ph.D. on lesbians (The Sociology of lesbianism: female "deviance" and female sexuality) in the UK at the London School of Economics.
  • The San Francisco Lesbian/Gay Freedom Band was founded by Jon Reed Sims in 1978 as the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Marching Band and Twirling Corp. Upon its founding in 1978, it became the first openly gay musical group in the world.
  • San Francisco became the first city in America to have a recruitment drive for gay police officers, bringing in over 350 applications.[121]

1979

  • Stephen Lachs became the first openly gay judge appointed in the United States[122][123] and as such is thought to be the first openly gay judge appointed anywhere in the world.[123][124]
  • The first National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights was held in Washington, D.C., on October 14, 1979.
  • The Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence begins in San Francisco on the Saturday before Easter Sunday with three men in nuns' habits cadged from an Iowa City convent, becoming the first house of Sisters in a movement that now features over 50 houses in 12 countries, over 40 in North America.
  • The Radical Faeries began with the first gathering on the grounds of a Hindu ashram in the Arizona desert.
  • Esta Noche, a gay bar located at 3079 16th & Mission Street in San Francisco, was the first gay Latino bar in San Francisco, and first opened in 1979.
  • Grady Quinn and Randy Rohl became the first known gay couple to attend a high school prom when they attended the Lincoln High School prom in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, on May 23, 1979.[125]
  • When Megan Went Away (1979), a picture book written by Jane Severance and illustrated by Tea Schook, is regarded as the first picture book to include LGBT characters, and specifically the first to feature lesbian characters, although that distinction is sometimes erroneously bestowed upon Lesléa Newman's Heather Has Two Mommies (1989).

1970s (year unknown)

  • Angela Douglas founded TAO (Transsexual/Transvestite Action Organization), which published the Moonshadow and Mirage newsletters. TAO moved to Miami in 1972, where it came to include several Puerto Rican and Cuban members, and soon grew into the first international transgender community organization.

1980s

1980

1981

  • Mary C. Morgan became the first openly gay or lesbian judge when she was appointed by California Governor Jerry Brown to the San Francisco Municipal Court.[129]
  • Ien Dales became the first lesbian member of the Cabinet of the Netherlands
  • Tennis player Billie Jean King became the first prominent professional athlete to come out as a lesbian, when her relationship with her secretary Marilyn Barnett became public in a May 1981 "palimony" lawsuit filed by Barnett.[130] Due to this she lost all of her endorsements.[131]
  • Randy Shilts was hired as a national correspondent by the San Francisco Chronicle, becoming "the first openly gay reporter with a gay 'beat' in the American mainstream press."[132]
  • A Sergeant of the New York City Police Department (Charles H. Cochrane) came out as gay during a city council hearing. This made him the first New York City Police Department member to publicly announce his homosexuality.[133]
  • The first bisexual group in the United Kingdom, London Bisexual Group, was founded.[134]

1982

  • Chris Dickerson became the first openly gay professional bodybuilder to win the Mr. Olympia title.[135]
  • New York City police sergeant Charles H. Cochrane and former Fairview, New Jersey sergeant Sam Ciccone formed the first group targeted at the needs of gay members of law enforcement, the Gay Officers Action League (GOAL).[136]
  • The Australian state of New South Wales passes anti-discrimination laws for homosexuality. While one could not lose their job, they could still be jailed.

1983

  • Gerry Studds became the first openly gay member of the United States House of Representatives, after he admitted a past relationship with a page when confronted in Congress.
  • Sally Ride first went into space this year. In 2012, she died, and her obituary revealed that Ride's partner of 27 years was a woman, Tam O'Shaughnessy, a professor emerita of school psychology at San Diego State University and childhood friend, who met Ride when both were aspiring tennis players.[137][138][139][140] Ride had also previously been married to a man. Ride was thus the first and only known LGBT astronaut (until 2019).[141]
  • David Scondras was the first openly gay official elected to the Boston City Council.[142]
  • BiPOL, the first and oldest bisexual political organization, was founded in San Francisco by bisexual activists Autumn Courtney, Lani Kaʻahumanu, Arlene Krantz, David Lourea, Bill Mack, Alan Rockway, and Maggi Rubenstein.
  • Governor Jerry Brown appointed Herb Donaldson as the first openly gay male municipal court judge in the State of California in 1983.[143][144]
  • Kitty Tsui became the first known Chinese American lesbian to publish a book (Words of a Woman who Breathes Fire).[145]
  • Northern Territory became the third Australian jurisdiction to decriminalise male homosexuality as well as the only jurisdiction to do so without a grassroots campaign.
  • Anita Cornwell wrote the first published collection of essays by an African-American lesbian, Black Lesbian in White America.[146]

1984

1985

  • Liverpool-based soap opera, Brookside, featured the first openly gay character on a British TV series.[150]
  • Terry Sweeney became Saturday Night Live's first openly gay male cast member; Sweeney was "out" prior to being hired as a cast member.[151]
  • Dmitri Belser and Thomas White became the first openly gay couple to adopt an infant (adoption finalized in 1987).[152]

1986

  • Becky Smith and Annie Afleck became the first openly lesbian couple in America granted legal joint adoption of a child.[153]
  • Elsa, I Come with My Songs: The Autobiography of Elsa Gidlow was the first lesbian autobiography published where the author does not employ a pseudonym.
  • Hill Street Blues featured the first lesbian recurring character on a major network; the character was a police officer called Kate McBride, played by Lindsay Crouse.[154]

1987

1988

  • Svend Robinson became the first Canadian Member of Parliament to come out.
  • Stacy Offner became the first openly lesbian rabbi hired by a mainstream Jewish congregation, Shir Tikvah Congregation of Minneapolis (a Reform Jewish congregation).[156][157]
  • Wallace Swan, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, became the first openly gay member of the United States Electoral College,[158]
  • Robert Dover became the first openly gay Olympic athlete when he came out in 1988.[159]

1989

1990s

1990

  • Marcella Di Folco became the world's first openly transgender person to be elected for an administrative role, as municipal Councillor in Bologna, Italy.[162]
  • Justin Fashanu – first professional footballer (soccer player) ever to identify himself publicly as gay.
  • The oldest national bisexuality organization in the United States, BiNet USA, was founded in 1990. It was originally called the North American Multicultural Bisexual Network (NAMBN), and had its first meeting at the first National Bisexual Conference in America.[163][164] This first conference was held in San Francisco in 1990, and sponsored by BiPOL. Over 450 people attended from 20 states and 5 countries, and the mayor of San Francisco sent a proclamation "commending the bisexual rights community for its leadership in the cause of social justice," and declaring June 23, 1990 Bisexual Pride Day.

1991

  • Dale McCormick became the first open lesbian elected to a US state Senate (she was elected to the Maine Senate).[165]
  • Sherry Harris was elected to the City Council in Seattle, Washington, making her the first openly lesbian African-American elected official.[166]
  • The first lesbian kiss on US television occurred; it was on L.A. Law between the fictional characters of C.J. Lamb (played by Amanda Donohoe) and Abby (Michele Greene).[167]
  • The first Southern Comfort Conference was held. The Southern Comfort Conference is a major[168] transgender conference that takes place annually in Atlanta, Georgia.[169][170] It is the largest,[170] most famous, and pre-eminent such conference in the United States.[171]
  • The Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame was created in June 1991.[172] The hall of fame is the first "municipal institution of its kind in the United States, and possibly in the world."[172]
  • Connie Norman became the first gay rights activist to host a daily talk show about gay issues on a commercial Los Angeles-area station.[173]
  • After a change of government law, Queensland decriminalised male homosexuality.[174]

1992

  • Elton John came out to Rolling Stone magazine.
  • Althea Garrison was elected as the first transgender state legislator in America, and served one term in the Massachusetts House of Representatives; however, it was not publicly known she was transgender when she was elected.[175]
  • The first Dyke March (a march for lesbians and their straight female allies, planned by the Lesbian Avengers) was held in Washington, D.C., with 20,000 women marching.[176][177]
  • The Triangle Ball was held; it was the first inaugural ball in America to ever be held in honor of gays and lesbians.
  • Rand Hoch became Florida's first openly LGBT judge.[178]
  • Deb Price's debut column in The Detroit News in 1992 was the first syndicated national column in American mainstream media that spoke about gay life.[179][180]

1993

  • Roberta Achtenberg became the first openly gay or lesbian person to be nominated by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate when she was appointed to the position of Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity by President Bill Clinton.
  • Lea DeLaria was "the first openly gay comic to break the late-night talk-show barrier" with her 1993 appearance on The Arsenio Hall Show.[181]
  • In December 1993 Lea DeLaria hosted Comedy Central's Out There, the first all-gay stand-up comedy special.[181]

1994

  • Deborah Batts became the first openly gay or lesbian United States federal judge (United States District Court for the Southern District of New York)
  • Liverpool-based soap opera, Brookside, broadcast the UK's first pre-watershed lesbian kiss (the first on UK television was in 1974, in Girl).[182][92]
  • The Gay Asian Pacific Alliance and Asian Pacific Sister joined the Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco, which was the first time that queer Asian American communities had attended in a publicly ethnic activity.[183]
  • Steve Gunderson was outed as gay on the House floor by representative Bob Dornan (R-CA) during a debate over federal funding for gay-friendly curricula,[184] making him one of the first openly gay members of the U.S. Congress and the first openly gay U.S. Republican representative.[185]
  • The broadcast of Pedro Zamora and Sean Sasser's commitment ceremony in 1994, in which they exchanged vows, was the first such same-sex ceremony in television history and is considered a landmark in the history of the medium.[186][187]

1995

Georgina Beyer
  • Georgina Beyer became the world's first transgender mayor (Carterton District, New Zealand)
  • Rachel Maddow became the first openly gay or lesbian American to win an international Rhodes Scholarship.
  • Harvey Brownstone became the first openly gay or lesbian judge appointed in Canada (Ontario Court of Justice)
  • Ian Roberts became the first high-profile Australian sports person and first rugby footballer in the world to come out to the public as gay.[188]
  • Maria Zoe Dunning became the first and only openly gay person allowed to remain on active duty in the U.S. military prior to the end of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy.
  • The International Bear Brotherhood Flag was designed in 1995 by Craig Byrnes. "Bear" is an affectionate gay slang term for those in the bear communities, a subculture in the gay male community with its own events, codes, and culture-specific identity.
  • Kings Cross Steelers, the world's first gay rugby club, was founded.[189]
  • Rabbi Margaret Wenig's essay "Truly Welcoming Lesbian and Gay Jews" was published in The Jewish Condition: Essays on Contemporary Judaism Honoring Rabbi Alexander M. Schindler; it was the first published argument to the Jewish community on behalf of civil marriage for gay couples.[190]
  • Ed Flanagan served as Vermont's State Auditor from 1993 through 2001, becoming the first openly gay, statewide-elected official in the United States when he came out in 1995, before his 1996 re-election.[191]

1996

1997

1998

  • Jackie Biskupski became the first openly gay elected official in Utah after she won a seat in the Utah House of Representatives.
  • Dana International became the first openly transgender person to win the Eurovision Song Contest.
  • Glen Murray became the first out gay man to be elected mayor of a major city: Winnipeg (population ca. 600,000 in 2001), the capital of Manitoba, in Canada.
  • Gender identity was added to the mission of Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) after a vote at their annual meeting in San Francisco.[203] PFLAG became the first national LGBT organization to officially adopt a transgender-inclusion policy for its work.[204]
  • Tammy Baldwin became the first openly gay or lesbian non-incumbent ever elected to United States Congress, and the first open lesbian ever elected to Congress, winning Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district seat over Josephine Musser.[205][206]
  • The first bisexual pride flag was unveiled on Dec 5th, 1998.[207]
  • Julie Hesmondhalgh first began to play Hayley Anne Patterson, British TV's first transgender character (in Coronation Street).[208]
  • BiNet USA hosted the First National Institute on Bisexuality and HIV/AIDS.[209]

1999

2000s

2000

2001

Pim Fortuyn

2002

2003

2004

  • The L Word featured television's first ensemble cast of lesbian characters.[154]
  • Nicole LeFavour became the first openly gay member of the Idaho Legislature, first as a Representative and then as a Senator.[236]
  • Bill Siksay became the first openly gay Canadian elected to a first term as Member of Parliament
  • Oras Tynkkynen became the first openly gay member of parliament in Finland. Initially appointed as a replacement for an MP who stepped down, was elected to his seat in 2007.
  • The first all-transgender performance of The Vagina Monologues was held. The monologues were read by eighteen notable transgender women, and a new monologue revolving around the experiences and struggles of transgender women was included.[237]
  • Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon became the first same-sex couple to be legally married in the United States,[238] when San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom allowed city hall to grant marriage licenses to same-sex couples.[239] However, all same-sex marriages done in 2004 in California were annulled.[240] After the California Supreme Court decision in 2008 that granted same-sex couples in California the right to marry, Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon remarried, and were again the first same-sex couple in the state to marry.[241][242] Later in 2008 Prop 8 illegalized same-sex marriage in California,[243] but the marriages that occurred between the California Supreme Court decision legalizing same-sex marriage and the approval of Prop 8 illegalizing it are still considered valid, including the marriage of Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon.[244] However, Del Martin died in 2008.[245]
  • Same-sex marriage was legalized in the state of Massachusetts. Marcia Hams and Sue Shepard became the first same-sex couple to marry in the state.[246][247]
  • Same-sex marriage was legalized in part of Oregon, as after researching the issue and getting two legal opinions, the commissioners decided Oregon's Constitution would not allow them to discriminate against same-sex couples. The Chairwoman of the Board of Commissioners ordered the clerk to begin issuing marriage licenses.[248] Mary Li and her partner Becky Kennedy became the first same-sex couple to marry in the state.[249] Later that year, Oregon voters passed a constitutional amendment defining marriage as involving one man and one woman.[250] The same-sex marriages from 2004 were ruled void by the Oregon Supreme Court.[251]
  • James McGreevey, then governor of New Jersey, came out as gay, thus becoming the first openly gay state governor in the United States.[252] He resigned soon after.[252]
  • Bisi Alimi became the first Nigerian to come out as gay on television.[253]
  • Luna, by Julie Anne Peters, was the first young-adult novel with a transgender character to be released by a mainstream publisher.[254]
  • The first Trans pride march was held in San Francisco in 2004.[255]

2005

  • Same-sex marriage was legalized in Canada
  • Bonnie Bleskachek became the first openly lesbian fire chief of a major metropolitan area in the United States (Minneapolis).
  • Liverpool Register Office became the UK's first to include a gay couple on the front cover of civil ceremony promotional material[256][257]
  • Transgender activist Pauline Park became the first openly transgender person chosen to be grand marshal of the New York City Pride March, the oldest and largest LGBT pride event in the United States.
  • The Simpsons became the first cartoon series to dedicate an entire episode to the topic of same-sex marriage.
  • The first European Transgender Council meeting was held in Vienna.[258]
  • Eli Cohen became the first openly gay man to be ordained a rabbi of the Jewish Renewal movement.[259][260]
  • Andrew Goldstein was the first American male team-sport professional athlete to be openly gay during his playing career.[261] He came out publicly in 2003 and was drafted by his hometown team, the Boston Cannons of Major League Lacrosse, in 2005. Goldstein played goaltender for the Long Island Lizards from 2005 to 2007, appearing in two games in 2006.[262]

2006

  • Vladimir Luxuria became the first transgender person elected as Deputy to the Italian Parliament.
In 2006 Kim Coco Iwamoto became the first transgender official to win statewide office in Hawaii.
  • Chaya Gusfield and Lori Klein, both ordained in America, became the first openly lesbian rabbis ordained by the Jewish Renewal movement.
  • Since 2006, in the United Kingdom a pink version of the Union Jack is sometimes used by the British LGBT community.
  • In 2006, Kim Coco Iwamoto was elected as a member of the Hawaii Board of Education, making her at that time the highest-ranking openly transgender elected official in the United States, as well as the first openly transgender official to win statewide office.[263]
  • Elliot Kukla, who came out as transgender six months before his ordination in 2006, was the first openly transgender person to be ordained by the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion.[264]
  • Arizona became the first state to reject a ban on same-sex marriage (it would have banned domestic partnerships and civil unions as well) although it did accept one in 2008.[265]
  • Patricia Todd became Alabama's first openly gay public official when she was elected in 2006.[266]
  • Bernárd J. Lynch became the first Catholic priest in the world to undertake a civil partnership in 2006 in Ireland (he had previously had his relationship blessed in a ceremony in 1998 by an American Cistercian monk[267]). He was subsequently expelled from his religious order in 2011 (since Catholic priests are required to retain celibacy), and went on to legally wed his husband in 2016.[268]

2007

  • Jenny Bailey became the first openly transgender mayor in the United Kingdom.[269]
  • Theresa Sparks became the first openly transgender police commissioner (San Francisco).[270] In 2003 Theresa Sparks had been the first openly transgender woman ever named "Woman of the Year" by the California State Assembly.[271]
  • Jalda Rebling, a German woman born in the Netherlands, became the first openly lesbian cantor ordained by the Jewish Renewal movement.[272]
  • From 2007 to 2008 actress Candis Cayne played Carmelita Rainer, a transgender woman having an affair with married New York Attorney General Patrick Darling (played by William Baldwin), on the ABC prime time drama Dirty Sexy Money.[273][274][275] The role made Cayne the first openly transgender actress to play a recurring transgender character in prime time.[273][274][275]
  • Joy Ladin became the first openly transgender professor at an Orthodox Jewish institution (Stern College for Women of Yeshiva University).[276][277]
  • On 29 November, the first foreign gay wedding was held in Hanoi, Vietnam, between a Japanese and an Irish national. The wedding raised much attention in the gay and lesbian community in Vietnam.[278]
  • Amaranta Gómez Regalado (for México Posible) became the first transsexual person to appear in the Mexican Congress.
  • Ellen DeGeneres became the first open lesbian to host the Academy Awards.[279]
  • Ventura Place in Studio City was renamed Dr. Betty Berzon Place in her honor, making it the first street ever officially dedicated to a known lesbian in California.[280]

2008

Rachel Maddow in August 2008

2009

In 2009 Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir became the prime minister of Iceland and thus became the first openly gay head of government in modern times.
  • Eva Brunne became the first lesbian bishop in the world and the first bishop of the Church of Sweden to be in a registered same-sex partnership.
  • Lesbian and Gay Band Association became the first LGBT-represented contingent to march in a U.S. presidential inaugural parade. The parade on January 20 was in celebration of Barack Obama's incoming administration.
  • Jared Polis became the first non-incumbent openly gay man elected to U.S. Congress.[300][301]
  • Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir was elected Prime Minister of Iceland. He became the first openly homosexual head of government in modern times on an elected basis (in contrast to Per-Kristian Foss, who was briefly acting Prime Minister of Norway in 2002).
  • Carol Ann Duffy became the first openly lesbian or gay Poet laureate of the United Kingdom.[302]
  • Alejandro Freyre and José María di Bello was the first same-sex marriage in Latin America.[303]
  • Gareth Thomas became the first active professional rugby player to come out as gay.[304]
  • Annise Parker was elected as the first openly LGBT mayor of Houston, Texas and the first LGBT mayor of a U.S. city with a population over 1,000,000.[305]
  • Diego Sanchez became the first openly transgender person to work on Capitol Hill; he was hired as a legislative assistant for Barney Frank.[306] Sanchez was also the first transgender person on the Democratic National Committee's (DNC) Platform Committee in 2008.[307][308]
  • Barbra Casbar Siperstein was nominated and confirmed as an at-large member of the Democratic National Committee, becoming its first openly transgender member.[309]
  • Kitzen and Jeni Branting married in the Coquille Indian tribe's Coos Bay plankhouse, a three-year-old meeting hall built in traditional Coquille style with cedar plank walls. They were the first same-sex couple to have their marriage recognized by the tribe, of which Kitzen was a member.[310][311]
  • Same-sex marriage was legalized in Iowa, and Shelley Wolfe and Melisa Keeton became the first lesbian couple (and the second same-sex couple) to marry in Iowa.[312][313]
  • Same-sex marriage was legalized in Vermont,[314] and Claire Williams and Cori Giroux became one of the first same-sex couples to marry in Vermont (others including them married the moment same-sex marriage was legalized).
  • Guido Westerwelle became the first openly gay foreign minister and vice chancellor of Germany.
  • All My Children featured U.S. daytime TV's first lesbian wedding.[315]
  • Simone Bell became the first African-American lesbian elected to serve in a U.S. state legislature.[316]
  • In September 2009, Vandy Beth Glenn delivered the first United States Congress testimony (before the House of Representatives) from an openly transgender witness, urging passage of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.[317][318]
  • In October 2009, LGBT activist Amy Andre[319] was appointed as executive director of the San Francisco Pride Celebration Committee, making her San Francisco Pride's first openly bisexual woman of color executive director.[320][321]
  • Dylan Orr became the first openly transgender presidential appointee in America, when he was appointed as special assistant in the Department of Labor's Office of Disability Employment Policy.[322]
  • In 2009, Ron Yosef became the first Israeli Orthodox Rabbi to come out, which he did when appearing in Uvda ("Fact"), Israel's leading investigative television program, in an episode regarding conversion therapies in Israel.[323] Yosef remains in his position as a pulpit Rabbi.[324]
  • Siddur Sha'ar Zahav, the first complete prayer book to address the lives and needs of LGBT as well as straight Jews, was published.[325] Sha'ar Zahav is a progressive Reform synagogue in San Francisco.
  • Homosexual relations were legalised in India for the first time on July 2, 2009, through the decision of Delhi High Court (which was later overturned by Supreme Court of India in 2013, and later homosexual relations were legalised in 2018 overturning the previous decision).[326][327]

2010s

Main article: List of LGBT firsts by year (2010s)

2020s

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

See also

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  495. ^ "Connecticut's next state treasurer makes history for LGBTQ community". New Hampshire Public Radio. November 9, 2022.
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  498. ^ "Meet Emira D'spain, The First Black Transgender Model To Work With Victoria's Secret". Nylon. March 7, 2022.
  499. ^ "Transgender model wins local 'Miss America' pageant for the first time ever". 9 November 2022.
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  504. ^ "Rikkie Kolle wint als eerste trans vrouw de titel Miss Nederland". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2023-07-09. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
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  507. ^ "Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, MD, inaugurated as 178th AMA president". 13 June 2023.
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  511. ^ "'Flash' speeds past controversy for entertaining summer fun". 16 June 2023.
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  513. ^ Park, Boram (2023-02-21). "Court rules in favor of gay couple seeking spousal health insurance coverage". Yonhap News Agency.
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  516. ^ Svensen, Tarjei J. (3 January 2024). "Yosha Iglesias To Make History As 1st Transgender WIM, Pending FIDE Approval". Chess.com.
  517. ^ "Caso de homofobia en Perú llegó a la CIDH". Caribe Afirmativo. 26 August 2022.
  518. ^ "Caso Olivera Fuentes vs Perú: sentencia establece precedente sobre discriminación por orientación sexual en el ámbito del consumo". IDEHPUCP.
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  525. ^ "'Historic' – the World Cup's first out trans player". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
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  528. ^ "'Friends and Family Christmas' — Ali Liebert and Humberly Gonzalez star in Hallmark's first lesbian holiday romance :: Bay Area Reporter".
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  537. ^ Gryboski, Michael (September 25, 2023). "ELCA synod elects its first openly gay bishop". www.christianpost.com.
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  540. ^ "Gay couple in Nepal becomes the 1st to officially register same-sex marriage in the country". Associated Press News. 29 November 2023.
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  544. ^ Nieto-Munoz, Sophie (November 20, 2023). "Assemblywoman-elect Luanne Peterpaul will be first out lesbian in New Jersey Legislature • New Jersey Monitor".
  545. ^ "Huang Jie becomes Taiwan's first openly gay legislator". Focus Taiwan. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  546. ^ "Sausalito swears in 1st LGBTQ+ police chief: Meet Officer Stacie Gregory". ABC7 San Francisco. 14 January 2024.
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  553. ^ "Sean Baker's "Anora" wins Palme d'Or, the Cannes Film Festival's top honor". CBS News. 25 May 2024. Gascón, who accepted the award, became the first trans actor to win a major prize at Cannes.
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  555. ^ IV, John-John Williams (7 June 2024). "Trans woman wins Miss Maryland USA, making history with a list of pageant firsts". The Baltimore Banner.
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  559. ^ Zialcita ·, Paolo (July 29, 2024). "Monica M. Márquez becomes Colorado Supreme Court's first Latina, openly gay chief justice". Colorado Public Radio.
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Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LGBT history by century.
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