| Exploration
|
When
|
Who (explorer)
|
| Northwest African coast (West Africa)
|
about 500 BC
|
Hanno the Navigator
|
| The Mediterranean Sea
|
5th century BC
|
Himilco the Navigator
|
| Around western Europe to Thule Island
|
about 330 BC
|
Pytheas of Marseilles
|
| Greenland, Iceland, and Faroes
|
900
|
Gunnbjörn Ulfsson
|
| Americas (North America)
|
999
|
Leif Ericson
|
| Brazil (South America) - controversial
|
c. 14th century CE
|
Abu Bakr II
|
| Sahelian kingdoms
|
1351–1354
|
Ibn Battuta
|
| Great permanent wind wheel of Volta do Mar, the North Atlantic Gyre. Recognition of the Sargasso Sea, Madeira, Azores and West African coast. Cape Verde.
|
1427–1460
|
Several navigators: Portuguese or serving Portugal, most under the sponsorship of Henry the Navigator
|
| Congo River, Angola and Namibia
|
1482–1485
|
Diogo Cão
|
| South Africa. Connected the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. South Atlantic Volta do Mar winds.
|
1482–1485
|
Bartolomeu Dias
|
| Caribbean, Venezuela (South America) and Central America. Use and development of the North Atlantic routes.
|
1493–1502
|
Christopher Columbus
|
| Atlantic Ocean (outer routes) and Indian Ocean, sea route to India (Europe to Asia)
|
1497–1499
|
Vasco da Gama
|
| Brazil, South Atlantic Volta do Mar, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, gate of the Red Sea (Bab-el-Mandeb Strait); India. Voyage that united Europe, Americas, Africa and Asia.
|
1500–1501
|
Pedro Álvares Cabral and Diogo Dias, among others
|
| Timor, Moluccas (Australasia - Pacific Ocean)
|
1512–1513
|
António de Abreu and Francisco Serrão
|
| Circumnavigation of the globe. Connection from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean (Americas to Asia).
|
1519–1522
|
Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano
|
| Mexico
|
1519–1521
|
Hernán Cortés
|
| Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and east of the Inca Empire
|
1525–1527
|
Aleixo Garcia
|
| Traveled across the Southwest of North America (completely)
|
1528
|
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
|
| Peru, Inca Empire and Ecuador
|
1531–1534
|
Francisco Pizarro
|
| Ecuador and Brazil. Length of the Amazon River.
|
1531–1534
|
Francisco de Orellana
|
| Canada, Saint Lawrence River
|
1534–1542
|
Jacques Cartier
|
| Colombia, Conquest of the Muisca
|
1536–1537
|
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
|
| Pacific Ocean's Volta do Mar (Asia to the Americas)
|
1564–1565
|
Andrés de Urdaneta
|
| Galápagos Islands, Rapa Nui
|
c. 1480
|
Tupaq Inka Yupanki. 1594–1597.
Rediscovered by the Spanish.
|
| North, Canada (Hudson Bay)
|
1574–1631
|
Henry Hudson
|
| North
|
1594–1597
|
Willem Barents
|
| Siberia and Pacific coast
|
1649–1641
|
Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin
|
| Oceania
|
1642–1643
|
Abel Tasman
|
| Brazil (circumnavigation), Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru. Connected the River Plate Basin to the Andes and to the mouth of the Amazon River.
|
1648–1651
|
António Raposo Tavares
|
| Oceania
|
1768–1779
|
James Cook
|
| North Pacific, western Alaska, Far East Eurasian Coast
|
1771
|
Moric Benovsky
|
| Hawaiian Islands
|
By c. 800
|
Hawaiʻiloa (mythical)
|
| Central America and Latin America
|
1799–1803
|
Alexander von Humboldt
|
| Northwest Plateau of North America
|
1804–1806
|
Lewis and Clark Expedition
|
| The North Magnetic Pole
|
1831-06-01
|
James Clark Ross
|
| Australia
|
c. 1640
|
Makassar People before. Explored by Abel Tasman.
|
| Interior of Africa
|
1851–1873
|
David Livingstone
|
| The Burke and Wills expedition (Central Australia)
|
1860–1861
|
Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills
|
| Exploration of the Zambeze river region, Central Africa, Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Zaire
|
1877
|
Serpa Pinto
|
| The Northern Sea Route
|
1878
|
Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
|
| The South Magnetic Pole
|
January 16, 1909
|
Douglas Mawson, Edgeworth David, and Alistair Mackay
|
| The North Pole
|
April 6, 1909
|
Robert Peary
|
| The South Pole
|
December 14, 1911
|
Roald Amundsen
|
| The South Pole
|
January 17, 1912
|
Robert Falcon Scott
|
| Mount Everest summit
|
May 29, 1953
|
Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
|
| The Moon
|
July 20, 1969
|
Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11)
|
| Mars
|
1960–present
|
NASA and other space agency exploration robots
|
