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List of people burned as heretics

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This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of people burned after being deemed heretics by different Christian Churches. The list does not attempt to encompass the list of those executed by burning for other reasons (such as victims of witch hunts or other persecutions).

The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "with the formal recognition of the Church by the State and the increase of ecclesiastical penalties proportioned to the increase of ecclesiastical offences, came an appeal from the Church to the secular arm for aid in enforcing the said penalties, which aid was always willingly granted [...] deviations from the Catholic Faith, were by the State made punishable in civil law and secular penalties were attached to them."[1] Canon 3 of the ecumenical Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215 required secular authorities to "exterminate in the territories subject to their jurisdiction all heretics" pointed out by the Catholic Church,[2] resulting in the inquisitor executing certain people accused of heresy. Some laws allowed the civil government to employ punishment.[3]

Pre-Reformation Roman Catholic Europe

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Burning of the Templars, 1314
Burning of William Sawtre, 1401
John Badby burned in a barrel, 1410
Burning of Jan Hus in Constance, 1415
Joan of Arc at the stake, 1431
Rogers' execution at Smithfield, 1555
Burning of John Hooper in Gloucester, 1555
Burning of Thomas Hawkes, 1555

Roman Catholic countries

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Burning of Latimer and Ridley, Oxford, 1555
Contemporary illustration of the auto-da-fé of Valladolid, in which fourteen Protestants were burned at the stake for their faith, on May 21, 1559

Protestant countries

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Burning of Anne Askew and John Lascelles, 1546

Eastern Orthodox countries

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The "baptism by fire" of Old Believer leader Avvakum in 1682

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Catholic encyclopedia. "Jurisdiction". .newadvent.org. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  2. ^ Schroeder, H. J. "Medieval Sourcebook: Twelfth Ecumenical Council: Lateran IV 1215". Internet Medieval Source Book. Fordham University. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  3. ^ Grolier encyclopedia, vol. 5, pp. 436-437
  4. ^ Moore, R.I. (1986). "New Sects and Secret Meetings: Association and Authority in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries". Studies in Church History. 23: 47–68. doi:10.1017/s0424208400010536. S2CID 163821096.
  5. ^ Perdios, Stelios Vasilis (2012). Peter the Hermit: Straddling the boundaries of lordship, millennialism, and heresy (Thesis). ProQuest 1022180558.[page needed]
  6. ^ Fiume, Giovanna; Il santo moro: i processi di canonizzazione di Benedetto da Palermo (1594-1807), 2000.
  7. ^ Foxe, John (1831). Book of Martyrs: Or, A History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Triumphant Deaths, of the Primitive as Well as Protestant Martyrs : from the Commencement of Christianity, to the Latest Periods of Pagan and Popish Persecution ... A. B. Roff. p. 443 – via Internet Archive. stephen cotton.
  8. ^ Bloch, Isaac (1906). "Antoine, Nicolas". Jewish Encyclopedia. Kopelman Foundation. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
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