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List of undesignated military aircraft of the United States

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Wright Military Flyer

The United States Army, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Air Force and its predecessors, and United States Coast Guard operated aircraft when specific alphanumerical designation systems were not in use; these aircraft were referred to by their manufacturers' designations. There were also aircraft in service later that did not receive designations for other reasons, such as foreign military aircraft used for testing or special operations, and civil aircraft purchased off-the-shelf or impressed into service.

For aircraft of the Air Force and its preceding Army air services after the introduction of the 1919 United States Army Air Service aircraft designation system, see the list of United States Air Force aircraft designations (1919–1962). For Navy and Marine Corps aircraft that received designations from 1911–1917 and post–1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system, see the list of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962). For the Army designation system used from 1956 to 1962, after the creation of the Air Force, see 1956 United States Army aircraft designation system. For all United States military aircraft after the implementation of the unified 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system, see list of United States Tri-Service aircraft designations.

Army

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This list includes aircraft operated by the United States Army, Army Signal Corps, and American Expeditionary Forces.

Type Origin Class Role Introduced Retired Notes
Aeromarine M-1 US Propeller Trainer 1917 Single-engined piston biplane; evaluated but not accepted
Airco DH.9 UK Propeller Bomber 1917 Single-engined piston biplane
Ansaldo SVA Italy Propeller Reconnaissance 1917 Single-engined piston biplane
Avro 504 UK Propeller Trainer 1913 Single-engined piston biplane
Bréguet 14 France Propeller Bomber/reconnaissance 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
Burgess-Dunne US Propeller Experimental 1914 or 1915 Single-engined tailless piston biplane
Burgess Model F[1] US Propeller Trainer 1911 Single-engined piston biplane; license-built Wright Model B
Burgess Model H[1] US Propeller Trainer 1912 Single-engined piston biplane
Burgess Model I[1] US Propeller Reconnaissance 1913 1915 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Burgess Model J[1] US Propeller Scout 1913 1914 Single-engined piston biplane; license-built Wright Model C
Burgess Model U[1] US Propeller Reconnaissance 1917 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Caudron G.3 France Propeller Reconnaissance 1917 Single-engined piston biplane
Caudron G.4 France Propeller Bomber 1917 Two-engined piston biplane
Caudron R.11 France Propeller Fighter 1918 Two-engined piston biplane
Curtiss Model D[2] US Propeller Trainer 1911 1914 Single-engined piston biplane
Curtiss Model E[2] US Propeller Utility 1911 1914 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Curtiss Model F[2] US Propeller Utility 1913 Single-engined piston biplane flying boat
Curtiss Model G[2] US Propeller Scout 1913 Single-engined piston biplane
Curtiss Model J[2] US Propeller Experimental 1914 Single-engined piston biplane
Curtiss Model JN[2] US Propeller Trainer 1915 1927 Single-engined piston biplane
Curtiss Model L[3] US Propeller Trainer 1916 Single-engined piston triplane
Curtiss Model N[3] US Propeller Trainer 1915 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Curtiss Model R[3] US Propeller Utility 1915 Single-engined piston biplane
Curtiss Model S[3] US Propeller Fighter 1917 Single-engined piston triplane; evaluated but not accepted
Dorand AR France Propeller Reconnaissance 1917 Single-engined piston biplane
Farman F.40 France Propeller Reconnaissance 1915 Single-engined piston biplane
Farman F.50 France Propeller Bomber 1918 Two-engined piston biplane
LWF model V US Propeller Trainer/reconnaissance 1916 Single-engined piston biplane
Martin R US Propeller Reconnaissance 1916
Martin S US Propeller Reconnaissance 1915 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Morane-Saulnier AI France Propeller Trainer 1917 Single-engined piston parasol monoplane
Morane-Saulnier P France Propeller Reconnaissance 1914 Single-engined piston parasol monoplane
Nieuport 10 France Propeller Trainer 1915 Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 11 France Propeller Trainer 1916 Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 12 France Propeller Trainer 1915 Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 17 France Propeller Trainer 1916 Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 21 France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 23 France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 24 France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 27 France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 28 France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 80 France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 81 France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Nieuport 83 France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 UK Propeller Single-engined piston biplane
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2 UK Propeller Single-engined piston biplane
Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 UK Propeller Fighter Single-engined piston biplane
Salmson 2 France Propeller Trainer/reconnaissance 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
SIA 7 Italy Propeller Bomber/reconnaissance 1917 Single-engined piston biplane
Sopwith Camel UK Propeller Fighter Single-engined piston biplane
Sopwith Dolphin UK Propeller Fighter Single-engined piston biplane
Sopwith SOP.1 France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane; French license-built Sopwith 1½ Strutter
SPAD S.VII France Propeller Trainer 1917 Single-engined piston biplane
SPAD S.XI France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
SPAD S.XIII France Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
SPAD S.XVI France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Standard H-2 US Propeller Trainer 1916 Single-engined piston biplane
Standard J US Propeller Trainer 1916 Single-engined piston biplane
Sturtevant S[4] US Propeller Trainer/reconnaissance 1916 Single-engined piston biplane
Thomas D-5 US Propeller Trainer 1915
Voisin VIII France Propeller Trainer Single-engined piston biplane
Voisin X France Propeller Trainer 1919 Single-engined piston biplane
Wright Model A US Propeller Trainer 1909 1911 Single-engined piston biplane
Wright Model B US Propeller Trainer/reconnaissance 1911 1914 Single-engined piston biplane
Wright Model C US Propeller Scout 1912 1914 Single-engined piston biplane
Wright Model D US Propeller Reconnaissance 1912 1914 Single-engined piston biplane

Air Force

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A Curtiss JN-4 Jenny, one of the most widely used US Army Air Service aircraft of the World War I era
A US Army Air Service Martin GMB bomber, the first purpose-built American bomber aircraft

This list includes aircraft operated by the United States Air Force and its predecessors: the United States Army Air Service (USAAS), United States Army Air Corps (USAAC), and United States Army Air Forces (USAAF).

Type Origin Class Role Introduced Retired Notes
Airspeed Oxford[5] UK Propeller Trainer 1942 1945 Two-engined piston monoplane; operated by US units in conjunction with UK Royal Air Force
Albree Pigeon-Fraser US Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston monoplane
Antonov An-28[6] Ukraine Propeller Transport Two-engined turboprop monoplane
Avro Anson[5] UK Propeller Transport 1942 1945 Two-engined piston monoplane; operated by US units in conjunction with UK Royal Air Force. Canadian built Ansons operated as AT-20[7]
Boeing Model 4 US Propeller Trainer 1918 Single-engined piston biplane with floats
Consolidated LB-30 US Propeller Bomber 1941 Four-engined piston monoplane; UK Liberator B Mk II aircraft requisitioned by USAAF and operated under company designation rather than as B-24
Curtiss 18 US Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
C-class blimp[8] US Airship Patrol 1921 Two-engined piston blimp; two aircraft transferred from US Navy
Curtiss Model JN US Propeller Trainer 1918 1927 Single-engined piston biplane
Curtiss Model R US Propeller Utility 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
D-class blimp[9] US Airship Patrol 1921 Two-engined piston blimp; four aircraft transferred from US Navy
Dayton-Wright/Fisher DH-4 US Propeller Bomber 1918 1932 Single-engined piston biplane; license-built variant of the Airco DH.4
de Havilland Dominie[10] UK Propeller Transport 1942 1945 Two-engined piston biplane; operated by US units in conjunction with UK Royal Air Force
de Havilland Mosquito[10] UK Propeller Bomber 1942 1945 Two-engined piston monoplane; operated by US units in conjunction with UK Royal Air Force
de Havilland Tiger Moth[10] UK Propeller Trainer 1942 1945 Single-engined piston biplane; operated by US units in conjunction with UK Royal Air Force
Douglas Boston[11] US Propeller Bomber 1942 1945 Two-engined piston monoplane; UK version of Douglas A-20 operated in conjunction with UK Royal Air Force
Engineering Division USB-1 US Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane; license-built variant of the Bristol F.2
Engineering Division USB-2 US Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane; license-built variant of the Bristol F.2
Engineering Division USD-9 US Propeller Bomber Single-engined piston biplane; license-built variant of the Airco DH.9
Engineering Division XB-1 US Propeller Reconnaissance Single-engined piston biplane; license-built variant of the Bristol F.2
Fokker D.VII[12] Germany Propeller Trainer 1918 Single-engined piston biplane; obtained as German war reparations, some transferred to US Navy
Hawker Hurricane[10] UK Propeller Fighter 1942 1945 Single-engined piston monoplane; operated by US units in conjunction with UK Royal Air Force
Heinkel HD 22[13] Germany Propeller Utility 1930 Single-engined piston biplane; one purchased for US Military Attaché in Germany
Heinrich Pursuit US Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
LWF model V US Propeller Trainer/reconnaissance 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
Martin GMB US Propeller Bomber 1918 Two-engined piston biplane
Mil Mi-171[6] Russia Rotorcraft Transport Two-engined turboshaft helicopter
Miles Master[10] UK Propeller Trainer/reconnaissance 1942 1945 Single-engined piston monoplane; operated by US units in conjunction with UK Royal Air Force
Morane-Saulnier MS-234[13] France Propeller Utility 1932 1935 Single-engined piston biplane; one purchased for US Military Attaché in Paris
Orenco D US Propeller Fighter 1919 Single-engined piston biplane; also built by Curtiss
Packard-Le Père LUSAC-11 US Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 UK Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
Supermarine Spitfire[10] UK Propeller Fighter 1942 1945 Single-engined piston monoplane; operated by US units in conjunction with UK Royal Air Force
Verville VCP US Propeller Fighter/racer 1920 Single-engined piston biplane; later variants designated PW-1 and R-1
Vought VE-7 US Propeller Fighter/trainer 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
Vought VE-8 US Propeller Fighter/trainer 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
Vought VE-9 US Propeller Fighter/trainer 1927 Single-engined piston biplane; improved VE-7
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A beached US Navy Curtiss HS flying boat, circa 1917. Built in large numbers, the HS first saw service in World War I.
A trio of US Navy Vought VE-7s in flight, circa 1920s

This list includes aircraft operated by the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps and United States Coast Guard.

Aviation in the Marine Corps and Coast Guard has historically been subsidiary to naval aviation, with Marine Corps aircraft being procured by the Navy. Many Coast Guard aircraft have been procured from the Navy or the Air Force and its predecessors, typically carrying designations conforming to equivalent types operated by those services, but the Coast Guard has also independently obtained several aircraft types without a military designation or an equivalent.

The Navy's rigid airships were commissioned as warships and given hull classification symbols, but many of its other lighter-than-air craft never received formal designations. Until the 1940s, Navy blimps were grouped into classes by nominal power and size; within each class, individual aircraft often had significant design variations, and were sometimes sourced from different manufacturers.[14] Spherical crewed free gas balloons used for airship crew training were considered ZF-class aircraft but categorically never received formal designations and were identified only by serial number and volume; similarly, crewed kite balloons and uncrewed barrage balloons were considered ZK-class, but were undesignated.[15]


Type Origin Class Role Introduced Retired Notes
Aeromarine AS[16] US Propeller Scout 1917 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Aeromarine 39[17] US Propeller Trainer 1917 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Aeromarine 40[16] US Propeller Trainer 1918 Single-engined piston flying boat
Aeromarine 700[18] US Propeller Torpedo bomber 1917 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
B-class blimp[19] US Airship Patrol 1917 Single-engined piston blimp
Blackburn Swift[20] UK Propeller Torpedo bomber 1921 Single-engined piston biplane; two purchased for evaluation
Boeing B-314[21] US Propeller Transport 1942 1945 Four-engined piston monoplane flying boat; impressed from Pan Am, Army designation of C-98 disregarded
Bristol Bulldog[20] UK Propeller Fighter 1929 Single-engined piston biplane; two purchased for evaluation
C-class blimp[8][22] US Airship Patrol 1918 Two-engined piston blimp
Caproni Ca.44[23] Italy Propeller Bomber 1918 Three-engined piston bomber
Caspar U.1[23] Germany Propeller Scout 1922 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane; two purchased for evaluation, not accepted for service
Consolidated 21-A[24][25] US Propeller Trainer 1931 1941 Single-engined piston biplane; single aircraft transferred from USAAC to Coast Guard, later designated N4Y-1
Curtiss-Cox Cactus Kitten[26] US Propeller Racer 1922 Single-engined piston triplane; single aircraft purchased from civil owner
Curtiss 18[27] US Propeller Fighter/racer 1918 1923 Single-engined piston biplane
Curtiss F-5L[28] US Propeller Patrol 1918 Two-engined piston biplane flying boat; evolution of RNAS Felixstowe design, later designated PN
Curtiss H[29] US Propeller Patrol 1916 1928 Two-engined piston biplane flying boat
Curtiss HA[30] US Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane; none ordered, but test aircraft were retained by Navy
Curtiss HS[31] US Propeller Patrol 1917 Single-engined piston biplane flying boat
Curtiss JN[32] US Propeller Trainer 1917 1926 Single-engined piston biplane
Curtiss Model MF[33] US Propeller Patrol 1918 Single-engined piston biplane flying boat
Curtiss NC[34] US Propeller Patrol 1918 Four-engined piston biplane flying boat
Curtiss N-9[35] US Propeller Reconnaissance/trainer 1917 1926 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Curtiss Model R[36] US Propeller Scout/trainer 1918 Single-engined piston biplane; some operated as floatplanes, some used for torpedo bombing trials
D-class blimp[9][22] US Airship Patrol 1919 1921 Two-engined piston blimp; transferred to US Army
DN-1[37] US Airship Patrol 1916 1917 Two-engined piston blimp; single aircraft, retroactively considered the A-class blimp
de Havilland DH.9A[38] UK Propeller Bomber 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
Detroit ZMC-2[39] US Airship Patrol 1929 1941 Two-engined piston blimp; single aircraft
Donnet-Denhaut flying boat[40] France Propeller Patrol 1918 Single-engined piston biplane flying boat
Dornier CsII[41] Germany Propeller Experimental 1920 Single-engined piston monoplane flying boat; one purchased to study its metal construction
Douglas D-558-1 Skystreak[42] US Jet Experimental 1947 1953 Single-engined jet monoplane; high-speed research aircraft operated in conjunction with NACA
Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket[43] US Jet/rocket Experimental 1948 1956 Hybrid jet/rocket monoplane; high-speed research aircraft operated in conjunction with NACA
E-class blimp[44][22] US Airship Patrol 1919 1924 Single-engined piston blimp; single aircraft
F-class blimp[44][45] US Airship Patrol 1919 1923 Single-engined piston blimp; single aircraft
FBA 17HT4[24][46] France Propeller Trainer 1931 Single-engined piston biplane flying boat; one Schreck-built aircraft purchased by Coast Guard, later license-built in US as Viking OO-1
FBA Type H[41] France/Italy Propeller Patrol 1918 Single-engined piston biplane flying boat
Fokker C.I[12] Netherlands Propeller 1921 Single-engined piston biplane; three purchased for Marine Corps, originally built in 1918 for Germany but never delivered
Fokker D.VII[12] Germany Propeller Trainer 1918 1924 Single-engined piston biplane; German war reparations transferred from US Army
Franklin PS-2[47] US Glider Trainer 1930s? Monoplane glider
Gallaudet D-1[48] US Propeller Experimental 1918 1918 Two-engined piston biplane floatplane
Gallaudet D-4[48] US Propeller Experimental 1918 1918 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane; development of Gallaudet D-1
G-class blimp[49] US Airship Patrol/trainer 1935 1959 Two-engined piston blimp; later designated ZNN-G
General Aviation FLB[24][50] US Propeller Search and rescue 1932 Two-engined piston monoplane flying boat; operated only by Coast Guard, later designated PJ
H-class blimp[51][52] US Airship Patrol/trainer 1921 1921 Single-engined piston blimp
Hanriot HD.1[53] France Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane; landplane conversions from HD.2 floatplanes
Hanriot HD.2[53] France Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
J-class blimp[54][52] US Airship Patrol/trainer 1922 1940 Two-engined piston blimp
Junkers-Larsen JL-6[53] Germany Propeller Experimental 1920? Single-engined piston monoplane floatplane; three purchased for evaluation
K-class blimp[55] US Airship Patrol/trainer 1931 Two-engined piston blimp; first aircraft (K-1) differed substantially from others; later designated ZNP-K
L-class blimp[56] US Airship Trainer 1937 Two-engined piston blimp; later designated ZNN-L
Levy-Lepen HB2[57] France Propeller Patrol 1918 Single-engined piston biplane flying boat
Loening LS[58] US Propeller Reconnaissance/racer 1918 Single-engined piston monoplane; floatplane version of Loening M-8
Loening M-8[58] US Propeller Reconnaissance/racer 1918 Single-engined piston monoplane
Macchi M.5[57] Italy Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane flying boat
Macchi M.16[59] Italy Propeller Scout 1922 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane; three purchased for evaluation, not accepted for service
Martin M-130[21] US Propeller Transport 1942 1945 Four-engined piston monoplane flying boat; impressed from Pan Am
Morane-Saulnier AR-1[60] France Propeller Trainer 1921 Single-engined piston parasol monoplane
Naval Aircraft Factory N-1[61] US Propeller Patrol 1918 1918 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Naval Aircraft Factory PT[62] US Propeller Torpedo bomber 1922 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane; built largely from Curtiss HS and R-6 spare parts
Naval Aircraft Factory SA[63] US Propeller Scout 1919 1919 Single-engined piston monoplane
Naval Aircraft Factory TF[64] US Propeller Fighter 1918 1923 Two-engined piston biplane flying boat
Naval Aircraft Factory TG[65] US Propeller Trainer 1922 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Naval Aircraft Factory TS[66] US Propeller Fighter 1922 Single-engined piston biplane; some operated as floatplanes, later designated F4C
Nieuport 28[60] France Propeller Experimental 1919 Single-engined piston biplane; transferred after WWI from US Army and used for ship platform launching trials
NS class airship[67] UK Airship Patrol 1918 Two-engined piston blimp; single aircraft
O-1[67][68] Italy Airship Experimental 1919 1921–1922? Two-engined piston airship; single aircraft
Parnall Panther[69] UK Propeller Fighter 1919 Single-engined piston biplane
Romeo Ro.1[70] Italy Propeller Utility 1928 Single-engined piston biplane; one purchased for US Naval Attaché in Rome
Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5A[70] UK Propeller Fighter 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
RRG Prüfling[71] Germany Glider Experimental 1930? Monoplane glider; one purchased from US civil flight school for airship launch tests conducted in early 1930
Seversky NF-1[72] US Propeller Fighter 1935 Single-engined piston monoplane; none ordered, but the test aircraft was retained by the Navy; called FN-1 by some sources
Sopwith Baby[73] UK Propeller Scout 1917 1918 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane; at least seven evaluated, not accepted for service
Sopwith Camel[73] UK Propeller Fighter 1917 Single-engined piston biplane
Sopwith 1½ Strutter[74] UK Propeller Reconnaissance 1918 Single-engined piston biplane
SS class airship[67] UK Airship Patrol 1918 Single-engined piston blimp
SST class airship[67] UK Airship Patrol 1918 Two-engined piston blimp; single aircraft
SSZ class airship[67] UK Airship Patrol 1918 Single-engined piston blimp
TC-class blimp[75] US Airship Patrol 1938 1943 Two-engined piston blimp; two aircraft transferred from US Army, never given naval designations
Tellier flying boat[74] France Propeller Patrol 1917 Single-engined piston biplane flying boat
Thomas-Morse MB-3[76] US Propeller Trainer 1921 Single-engined piston biplane; transferred from US Army for use by Marine Corps
Thomas-Morse S-4[77] US Propeller Trainer 1917 Single-engined piston biplane
Thomas-Morse S-5[76] US Propeller Scout 1917 Single-engined piston biplane; diverted from US Army S-4 order and refitted as floatplanes
Thomas-Morse SH-4[77] US Propeller Reconnaissance/trainer 1917 Single-engined piston biplane floatplane
Vickers Viking[78] US Propeller Experimental 1921 Single-engined piston biplane amphibian
Vought VE-7[79] US Propeller Fighter/trainer 1918 Single-engined piston biplane; some operated as floatplanes
Vought VE-9[79] US Propeller Reconnaissance 1918 Single-engined piston biplane; some operated as floatplanes

See also

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References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Burgess". www.aerofiles.com. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Wacker, Bill (2008-11-19). "Curtiss # to J". www.aerofiles.com. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  3. ^ a b c d "Curtiss L-Z". www.aerofiles.com. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  4. ^ "Sturtevant | Sturtevant Aeroplane Co". www.sturtevantfan.com. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  5. ^ a b Office of History 1985, p. iv.
  6. ^ a b World Air Forces Directory 2021 2020, p. 33.
  7. ^ Baugher, Joe (October 9, 2021). "1943 USAAF Serial Numbers (43-5109 to 43-52437)".
  8. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 509–510.
  9. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 510–511.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Office of History 1985.
  11. ^ Office of History 1985, p. 32.
  12. ^ a b c Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 484.
  13. ^ a b Baugher, Joe (25 September 2021). "1930-1937 USAAC Serial Numbers". joebaugher.com. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  14. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 503, 507.
  15. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 504–505.
  16. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 411.
  17. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 37–38.
  18. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 410.
  19. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 508–509.
  20. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 478.
  21. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 416.
  22. ^ a b c Grossnik 1987, p. 19.
  23. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 479.
  24. ^ a b c Baugher, Joe (25 September 2021). "US Coast Guard Aircraft Serial Numbers". joebaugher.com. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  25. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 420.
  26. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 425.
  27. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 117–119.
  28. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 114–116.
  29. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 106–108.
  30. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 424.
  31. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 109–111.
  32. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 100–102.
  33. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 112–113.
  34. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 328–330.
  35. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 98–99.
  36. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 103–105.
  37. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 507.
  38. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 480.
  39. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 519–520.
  40. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 482.
  41. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 483.
  42. ^ Francillon 1988, pp. 412–416.
  43. ^ Francillon 1988, pp. 424–432.
  44. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 511.
  45. ^ Grossnik 1987, pp. 19–20.
  46. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 463.
  47. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 498.
  48. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 438.
  49. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 511–512.
  50. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 437.
  51. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 512.
  52. ^ a b Grossnik 1987, p. 20.
  53. ^ a b c Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 488.
  54. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 513.
  55. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 513–515.
  56. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 515.
  57. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 489.
  58. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 283–285.
  59. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 490.
  60. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 491.
  61. ^ Trimble 1990, pp. 35–36.
  62. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 454.
  63. ^ Trimble 1990, pp. 47–48.
  64. ^ Trimble 1990, pp. 46–48.
  65. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 455.
  66. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 331–333.
  67. ^ a b c d e Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 521.
  68. ^ Baugher, Joe (28 August 2021). "US Navy and US Marine Corps BuNos, First Series (A51 to A6001)". joebaugher.com. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  69. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 492.
  70. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 493.
  71. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 499.
  72. ^ Baugher, Joe (25 December 1999). "Seversky NF-1". joebaugher.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  73. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 494.
  74. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 495.
  75. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 520–521.
  76. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 472.
  77. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 471.
  78. ^ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 496.
  79. ^ a b Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 382–385.

Bibliography

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