Lithopoma phoebium

Lithopoma phoebium
	Hermit crab in a shell of Lithopoma phoebium
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Vetigastropoda
Order:	Trochida
Superfamily:	Trochoidea
Family:	Turbinidae
Genus:	Lithopoma
Species:	L. phoebium
Binomial name
	Lithopoma phoebium; (Roding, 1798)
Synonyms
	Astraea brevispina auct. non Lamarck, 1822; Astraea latispina auct. non Philippi, 1844; Astraea longispina Lamarck, 1822; Astraea phoebia Röding, 1798 (basionym); Astraea ruthi Verrill, A.E., 1948; Astraea spinulosum Lamarck, 1822; Astraea titania Röding, 1798; Astraea (Calcar) planoradiatum Schumacher, H.C.F., 1817; Astralium deplanatum Link, H.F., 1807; Astralium heliacum Philippi, 1850; Astralium phoebium (Röding, 1798); Astralium titania Röding, P.F., 1798; Calcar planoradiatum Schumacher, 1817; Imperator longispina Lamarck, 1822; Trochus armatus Philippi, R.A., 1849; Trochus aster Philippi, R.A., 1848; Trochus brevispina auct. non Lamarck, 1822; Trochus costulatus Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1822; Trochus heliachus Philippi, R.A., 1850; Trochus longispina Lamarck, 1822; Trochus orichalceus Philippi, R.A., 1849; Trochus spinulosum Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1822; Uvanilla latispina auct. non Philippi, 1844;

Lithopoma phoebium, common name the longspine star shell, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.^[1]

Distribution

This is a tropical Western Atlantic species.

Distribution of Lithopoma phoebium include: Aruba, Belize, Bonaire, Caribbean Sea, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Gulf of Mexico, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, San Andres, The United States, and Venezuela.^[2]

Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 76 mm (almost 3 inches).^[3]

Habitat

The minimum recorded depth for this species is 0 m; maximum recorded depth is 91 m.^[3]

basal view
apertural view
apical view

References

^ ^a ^b Bouchet, P. (2011). Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=413409 on 2012-03-15
^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Astralium phoebium (Röding, 1798). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419498 on 2011-03-17
^ ^a ^b Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.

Turgeon, D.D., et al. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26 page(s): 59
Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592.
Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas
Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1–82, pls 104-245.

External links

"Astralium phoebium". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 15 March 2012.

[WoRMS-1] Bouchet, P. (2011). Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=413409 on 2012-03-15

[2] Rosenberg, G. (2010). Astralium phoebium (Röding, 1798). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419498 on 2011-03-17

[Welch_2010-3] Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.

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