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Lord High Admiral of Sweden

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Lord High Admiral of Sweden
Admiralty of Sweden
StatusPost abolished
Member of
Formationc. 1571
First holderClas (Eriksson) Fleming
Final holderGustaf Otto Stenbock
Abolished1676
Unofficial namesAdmiral of the Realm

The Lord High Admiral or Admiral of the Realm (Swedish: riksamiral) was a prominent and influential office in Sweden, from c. 1571 until 1676, excluding periods when the office was out of use. The office holder was a member of the Swedish Privy Council and the head of the navy and Admiralty of Sweden. From 1634, the Lord High Admiral was one of five Great Officers of the Realm.

History

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The origin of the title "Lord High Admiral of Sweden" can be traced to the reign of king Eric XIV and the year 1561 or possibly 1562. An överste amiral ("highest admiral") is assigned to be responsible for the Swedish fleet. In practice, however, this office meant not, as it was supposed to from the beginning, caring for the administration concerning the fleet, for example constructing and equipping it. Eric's successor, younger brother John III, appointed Clas Fleming riksamiral, probably in 1571, and once again it was intended that the office would mean administration, and not just a commanding role in the occasion of naval warfare. Fleming stood on king Sigismund's side during the conflict against Duke Charles in the 1590s. When Charles eventually took over as king (as Charles IX) in the early 17th century, a Lord High Admiral was included among the higher office-holders.[1]

In the 1610s, during Göran Gyllenstierna's period as Lord High Admiral, the office began to mean specific assignments in a more regular way than before. An admiralty (Amiralitetet) was established that was introduced as one of five branches of the Swedish government in 1634 (under a new name; Amiralitetskollegiet). The heads of the five departments were called Great Officers of the Realm and were the five most prominent members of the Swedish Privy Council. Lord High Admiral, one of these five officers, was third in rank in the quintet.[1]

In 1676, the office was abolished. Gustaf Otto Stenbock, the holder of the office at that time, received the title överste amiral instead. When Stenbock died in 1685, this title was withdrawn as well. King Charles XI, who had come to age in 1672, wanted to avoid appointing new holders of the high offices, once these became vacant. The riksamiral title has not been used since, in contrast to two other offices that Charles XI abolished, Lord High Chancellor and Lord High Steward, who were both revived for a relatively short period in the late 18th century.[1][2][3]

Lord High Admirals of Sweden

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Name Entered office Left office Notes
Clas (Eriksson) Fleming 1571? or 1588? circa 1595? [1][4]
Axel (Nilsson) Ryning 1602 1611 [5]
Göran Gyllenstierna 1612 1618 [1]
Carl (Carlsson) Gyllenhielm 1620 1650
Gabriel (Bengtsson) Oxenstierna 1652 1656
Carl Gustav Wrangel 1657 1664
Gustaf Otto Stenbock 1664 1676 [6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Nordisk Familjebok - Riksamiral". Nordisk Familjebok at runeberg.org (in Swedish). 1916. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  2. ^ "Nordisk Familjebok - "Rikskansler"". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-05-03.
  3. ^ "Nordisk Familjebok - Drots". Nordisk Familjebok at runeberg.org (in Swedish). pp. 881–882. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
  4. ^ Hofberg, Herman; Heurlin; Millqvist; Rubensson (1906). "Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon - Klas Fleming". Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon at runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  5. ^ "Nordisk Familjebok - Axel Nilsson Ryning". Nordisk Familjebok at runeberg.org (in Swedish). 1890. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  6. ^ Hofberg, Herman; Heurlin; Millqvist; Rubensson. "Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon - Gustaf Otto Stenbock". Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon at runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-05-14.
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