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Lumpy skin disease outbreak in India

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2022 lumpy skin disease outbreak in India
DateJuly–September 2022
LocationIndia,
15 states 251 districts (as on 23 Sept)[1]
Deaths97,000+ cattle
(as on 23 Sept)[1]
Affected20,00,000 cattle
(as on 23 Sept)[1]
Cattle vaccinated1.66 crore
(by 23 Sept)[1]
Cattle population192.5 million (2019)
Five states with the most cattle deaths- Rajasthan, Punjab, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana.[1] Other states such as Madhya Pradesh reported its first death in mid-September 2022;[2] there have been 1436 deaths in Maharashtra.[3] UP has seen at least 378 deaths.[4][5]

The 2022 lumpy skin disease outbreak in India resulted in the death of over 97,000 cattle in three months between July and 23 September.[1][6][7] Starting from outbreaks in Gujarat and Rajasthan, in three months cattle in 15 states across India were affected.[1] On 21 September, out of 18,50,000 cases over 65% of cases were from Rajasthan.[8] Over 50,000 deaths were reported from Rajasthan.[9] India's cattle population according to the last livestock census was 192.5 million.[10]

Outbreak

[edit]

In November 2019 lumpy skin disease in the country was confirmed in a lab.[6] It was mainly restricted to sporadic cases in locations such as Odisha.[11][12] The origin or source of the disease in India,[13] as well as the outbreak in 2022 remained unknown.[14] A comparison and analysis of the 2022 outbreak with the 2019 version found differences in the disease.[15] States such as Kerala reported 30-40 cases each between December 2019 and January 2021.[13] In August 2020 cases were reported from Assam.[16]

Cases were first reported in April 2022 from Gujarat.[17][18][19][20] In late July 2022 Gujarat introduced bans on cattle movement in select districts.[21] Maharashtra's first case was reported on August 4 in Jalgaon district.[22] On 6 August Rajasthan imposed restrictions on cattle fairs.[23] On 20 August Panchkula district banned inter-district transport.[24] On 24 August Uttar Pradesh started introducing restrictions.[25] Affected districts in Madhya Pradesh saw movement bans.[26] On 14 September cattle transport in Mumbai was banned;[17] health certification is needed for movement.[27] On 23 September Uttar Pradesh initiated more bans in movement of cattle.[28] States such as Chhattisgarh initiated preventive measures even while it reported no cases of the disease.[29] Delhi started free vaccinations on 26 September.[30]

Impact

[edit]

The direct economic loss includes the value of the dead cattle, and associated losses such as decrease in the production of milk, including a decrease of yield in infected cattle.[31] Movement restrictions add to the indirect losses.[31] In August 2022 Gujarat reported a dip in milk collection amounting to approximately 1,00,000 liters per day in certain locations.[32] Collection of milk in Rajasthan fell by over 20% in August 2022; by September collection had decreased by 500,000-600,000 litres per day.[33] In some places collection has fallen to zero in Rajasthan.[33] This has not impacted the price of milk.[34] On 12 September Mother Dairy's managing director said the impact on production was minor.[10]

Scientific response

[edit]

Indian laboratories have undertaken research on a domestic vaccine since 2019. A team led by Dr Naveen Kumar, Principal Scientist at ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines developed India's first lumpy skin disease vaccine, named Lumpi-ProVacInd. The vaccine was launched on August 10, 2022.[35]

In 2021, due to the unavailability of a proper (homologous) LSD vaccine, India authorized goatpox (heterologous) vaccine against LSDV in cattle. However, later, experimental trials and several evidences from field suggested that the goatpox vaccine (Uttarkashi strain) does not provide any significant protection against LSD in cattle (Biovet, 2023; Kumar, 2023). Therefore, India developed a homologous live-attenuated LSD vaccine (Lumpi-ProVacInd), which has been extensively tested in the field and has been found to be 100% safe and highly efficacious in cattle against LSD (Kumar et al., 2023a; Kumar and Tripathi, 2022). The vaccine has been commercialized and is likely to replace the existing practice of vaccinating cattle with goatpox vaccine (heterologous vaccine).[36][37]

Public statements and explanations have been made related to the disease not impacting humans, and the impact of the disease on milk or meat.[38][39] This includes statements by the Maharashtra animal husbandry commissioner,[22][40] an Indian Council of Medical Research scientist,[22] a joint director of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute,[38] and head of department of veterinary medicine at a university in Punjab.[41]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Roche, X; Rozstalnyy, A; TagoPacheco, D; Kamata, A; et al. (2020), "Introduction and spread of lumpy skin disease in South, East and Southeast Asia" (PDF), FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 183, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • "India: Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle Raises Alarm". USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Attaché Report (GAIN). 9 August 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Journals

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Sharma, Harikishan (26 September 2022). "Lumpy skin disease: Nearly 1 lakh cattle deaths, toll almost double in three weeks". The Indian Express. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Indore reports first death due to lumpy skin disease". The Times of India. 16 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  3. ^ "Lumpy Skin Disease: 1,436 cattle die in Maharashtra". Business Line. The Hindu. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  4. ^ Lalchandani, Neha (29 September 2022). "Lumpy skin disease spreads to other parts of UP". The Times of India. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  5. ^ Jigeesh, A. M. (31 August 2022). "Western U.P. farmers hapless as cows die of Lumpy Skin Disease". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  6. ^ a b Jolly, Bani; Scaria, Vinod (24 September 2022). "The evolution of lumpy skin disease virus". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  7. ^ Bajeli-Datt, Kavita (23 September 2022). "Current outbreak of lumpy skin disease distinct from 2019, need large-scale genomic surveillance: Study". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  8. ^ Rao, Lingamgunta Nirmitha (21 September 2022). Goswami, Sohini (ed.). "Lumpy skin disease: Lakhs of cattle suffer, Rajasthan worst-hit". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  9. ^ Munjal, Diksha (20 September 2022). "Explained | What is lumpy skin disease in cattle? Does it affect milk we consume?". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Over 67,000 Cattle Died So Far By Lumpy Virus In India: Government". NDTV. Press Trust of India. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  11. ^ Haq, Zia (15 September 2022). "Lumpy skin disease: Cattle epidemic rages on despite vaccination". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  12. ^ Nitnaware, Himanshu (7 September 2022). "Declare lumpy skin an epidemic, say Uttar Pradesh cattle owners; seek aid". Down to Earth. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  13. ^ a b Shagun; Shaji, K A; Panda, Ajit; Chakravartty, Anupam (13 January 2021). "Lumpy skin disease: The deadly pandemic that has taken root among India's bovines". Down to Earth. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  14. ^ "Lumpy skin disease may be spreading unusually because of 47 virus variants found in India: Study". Scroll.in. 21 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  15. ^ Koshy, Jacob (18 September 2022). "Lumpy skin disease virus different from 2019 version". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  16. ^ Deka, Bitopan (27 August 2020). "Lumpy skin disease among cattle to hit milk production in Assam". EastMojo. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  17. ^ a b "Lumpy skin: the affliction may prove a death knell for dairy industry". The Statesman. 24 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  18. ^ "Kutch: ગાયોના મોતથી માલધારીઓમાં ચિંતા, લખપતના ગામોમાં ફેલાયું લમ્પી સ્કિન ડીસીઝ" [Kutch: Death of cows worries farmers, Lumpy skin disease spread in Lakhpat villages]. News18 Gujarati (in Gujarati). 25 April 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  19. ^ "ચેતવણીઃ ગુજરાતની ગાયોમાં મોટા રોગના ભણકારા, થાય છે માત્ર સાત દિવસમાં મોત" [Warning: Major disease outbreak in Gujarat cows, death occurs in just seven days]. ETV Bharat News. 26 April 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  20. ^ Kulkarni, Abhimanyu (14 September 2022). "What Is Lumpy Skin Disease And How India Is Fighting It: 10 Points". NDTV. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  21. ^ "Lumpy Skin Disease: Ban on livestock transport from 14 districts". The Indian Express. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  22. ^ a b c "'Lumpy Skin Disease in livestock poses no risk to human health'". The Indian Express. 14 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  23. ^ "Cattle fairs brought to a halt in Rajasthan to control lumpy skin disease". The Hindu. 6 August 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  24. ^ "Panchkula admn imposes ban on inter-dist movement of cattle". The Tribune India. 20 August 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  25. ^ "Lumpy skin disease: Govt orders temporary ban on cattle fairs and transport". The Indian Express. 24 August 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  26. ^ "2,171 cattle found infected with Lumpy skin disease in MP; transportation of bovine animals banned". Financial Express. The Indian Express. PTI. 11 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  27. ^ Shaikh, Mustafa (13 September 2022). "Maharashtra announces aid as 42 cattle succumb to lumpy skin disease". India Today. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  28. ^ "Lumpy skin disease: UP bans cattle trade with 4 states, restrict animal movement". Livemint. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  29. ^ "Chhattisgarh Government Taking Preventive Measures Though No Cattle Lumpy Skin Disease Case Detected". Outlook India. PTI. 21 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  30. ^ "Lumpy Skin Disease: Delhi starts vaccination to restrict the spread". Livemint. Press Trust of India. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  31. ^ a b Shagun (30 September 2022). "Ground Report: Lumpy Skin Disease has created a livelihood crisis for India's small dairy farmers". Down to Earth. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  32. ^ "Gujarat, MP in Lumpy Skin Disease grip; milk production takes a hit". The New Indian Express. 6 August 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  33. ^ a b Saini, Sachin (19 September 2022). "Lumpy skin disease affects milk economy in Rajasthan; production down by 21%". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  34. ^ "Milk collection reduced by 3 to 4 lakh litre per day in this state". Livemint. 11 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  35. ^ "Lumpy skin disease: Narendra Singh Tomar launches indigenous vaccine". The Indian Express. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  36. ^ "Lumpy skin disease cases begin to fall; 100% cattle vaccinated in Bhiwani, Fatehabad". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  37. ^ "Farm varsity lab gets nod for Lumpy Skin Disease testing". Hindustan Times. 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  38. ^ a b "Safe to consume milk from Lumpy Skin Disease-infected cattle, says IVRI official". The New Indian Express. PTI. 14 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  39. ^ Husain, Yusra (25 September 2022). "Lumpy Skin Disease: Are we staring at a milk drought in Maharashtra?". Mid-day. Retrieved 25 September 2022. The FAO states that "Lumpy Skin Disease does not affect humans"
  40. ^ Devikar, Namrata (13 September 2022). "Amid rumours discouraging milk consumption, Lumpy Skin Disease can't be transmitted to humans: govt". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  41. ^ Toppo, Abha (10 August 2022). "How Farmers Can Protect Their Cattle from Lumpy Skin Disease? Expert Tips Inside". Krishi Jagran. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
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