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Margaret Burnham Geddes

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Margaret Burnham Geddes
Born
Margaret Burnham Kelly

(1907-09-26)26 September 1907
Evanston, Illinois
DiedFebruary 18, 1995(1995-02-18) (aged 87)
Providence, Rhode Island
NationalityAmerican
Alma materVassar College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Occupation(s)Architect, Urban Planner, Activist
Years active1930s–1970s
SpouseJ. Peter Geddes (m. 1942)
RelativesDaniel Burnham (grandfather)

Margaret Burnham Geddes (née Kelly; September 26, 1907 – February 18, 1995) was an American architect, urban planner, and activist who worked in Providence, Rhode Island. She designed several early modernist houses in southern New England with partner J. Peter Geddes and worked as a planner for the Providence Redevelopment Agency.

Early life and education

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Margaret Burnham Kelly was born on September 26, 1907, in Evanston, Illinois. She was one of five children of George T. Kelly, a graduate of the University of Wisconsin, and Margaret Sherman Burnham, daughter of the architect Daniel Burnham. In December 1921, the widowed Margaret Sherman Kelly married Benjamin Fairchild Stower of Sturbridge, Massachusetts.[1] In 1922, the family relocated to Brown Street on the East Side of Providence, Rhode Island.[2] Margaret Burnham Kelly graduated from the Wheeler School in June 1925.[3]

Kelly entered Vassar College in the fall of 1925 and studied art and mathematics. She was a member of the track team and a news editor for The Vassar Miscellany News.[4][5] Kelly was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and graduated from Vassar in the spring of 1929.[6][7]

The following fall, Kelly enrolled as an architecture student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, Massachusetts where she studied under William Emerson, William H. Lawrence, Paul W. Norton, and Frederick Adams.[8] Her unbuilt senior thesis project for “A Beach Development” on Ocean Road in Narragansett, Rhode Island is similar to her later designs in its effective response to the site, careful consideration of circulation, and combination of land use planning and development.[9] Kelly described the project as "modern, very simple and direct, and horizontal in its treatment."[10]

Architectural and planning career

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Work with Peter Geddes

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After graduating from MIT, Kelly returned to her family home in Providence, Rhode Island and worked independently for several years. In 1934, she formed an architectural partnership with J. Peter Geddes, who had received his degree in architecture from Columbia University in 1926.[11] The firm Geddes & Kelly worked predominately on residential projects and was active between 1934 and 1948, maintaining an office on the second floor of the Hospital Trust Building on Westminster Street in Providence.[12]

Most of the firm's projects date from 1938 to 1941. The George R. Rowland House (1938) in Brookfield, Massachusetts was their first and largest house project. It is representative of their other work in its simplified version of traditional New England domestic architecture, relying on unadorned brick and bands of casement windows.[13] In 1939, Geddes & Kelly designed two houses on Manning Street Street in Providence, one of which was a residence for Peter Geddes.[14] In 1941, four houses designed by Geddes & Kelly were featured in Pencil Points and Architectural Forum, introducing their work to a national audience. Editors noted the buildings' "clean lines and restful surfaces" and "austere avoidance of decoration."[15] Three of the firm's houses were included in the 1941 “Exhibition of Contemporary Rhode Island Art” at the Rhode Island School of Design Museum.[16]

Kelly and Geddes married on December 3, 1942, at which time Kelly changed her last name to Geddes and moved into the house they had designed at 29 Manning Street.[17] The firm disbanded briefly between 1942 and 1944 due to World War II. During this time, Margaret Geddes worked as a Project Planner for the Federal Public Housing Authority in Washington, DC and as a truck driver employed by the U.S. Army, while Peter Geddes served as an Army engineer in the Pacific.[18]

Peter Geddes formed the partnership Harkness & Geddes with Albert Harkness in 1948. Margaret Geddes worked part-time at the new firm while also pursuing independent commissions. In 1950, she designed the Scott House on Stimson Avenue in Providence.[19] Margaret Geddes's designs were included in a 1950 architecture exhibition sponsored by the Rhode Island chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) at the Providence Art Club, where she was a lifetime member.[20][21]

Planning and preservation work

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Margaret Geddes left her position at Harkness & Geddes in 1956 when she was hired as a planner for the Providence Redevelopment Agency.[22] Earlier in the 1950s, Margaret Geddes had worked as an urban planning activist and organizer, leading the community planning committee of the League of Women Voters of Providence and serving on the boards of the Providence Redevelopment Agency in 1954 and the Citizens Committee for Redevelopment in 1955.[23][24][25]

Once hired, Geddes's principal responsibility at the Providence Redevelopment Agency was project planning for the Constitution Hill rehabilitation area, located on the East Side of the city along North Main Street and the Moshassuck River.[26] She was also instrumental in early efforts to establish a historic zoning area in Providence's College Hill neighborhood, especially along Benefit Street, in collaboration with members of the Providence Preservation Society.[27] She continued to educate members of the League of Women Voters on issues of redevelopment and remained openly supportive of fair housing laws in Rhode Island.[28][29]

Later career

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Geddes left the Providence Redevelopment agency in 1961, but continued to work on planning and advocacy projects. As a city planning consultant, she worked for various firms such as Blain & Stein and for the Cape Cod sector of the Massachusetts State Plan.[30] She remained active in planning and policy in the 1960s and 70s. In 1964, she served on a panel on urban redevelopment policy at Vassar College, and in 1974 advocated for responsible land use on behalf of the Audubon Society of Rhode Island.[31][32]

Geddes was a member of the American Institute of Planners and the Rhode Island chapter of the American Institute of Architects from 1940 until her death.[33][34] She held various leadership positions in the RI AIA including chair of the Public Information Committee from 1949 to 1952, secretary from 1952 to 1954, and chair of the Civic Improvement Committee in 1954, the same year she represented the chapter at the 86th annual AIA convention.[35][36]

Geddes was involved with the League of Women Voters from 1952 to 1969, serving as the director of the Providence chapter from 1954 to 1956.[37][38] She was a member of the Vassar Alumnae Council and the Rhode Island Vassar Alumnae Association, serving variously as its president and as the chair of the Class of 1929 Fund.[39][40][41]

Death and legacy

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Margaret and Peter Geddes promised their home at 29 Manning Street to Brown University in 1966. In 1992 architectural historian William Jordy noted the significance of the building as "an early example of domestic 'modernism' in Providence" and warned against the future demolition of this house to make room for new buildings on campus.[42]

Margaret Geddes died in 1995 at age 87 and is buried at Swan Point Cemetery in Providence.[43]

After her death, the Geddes House became property of Brown University. Brown's Urban Studies Program was housed in the building until 2015 when the university demolished the house to make way for a new Engineering Research Center designed by KieranTimberlake.[44][45]

Selected buildings

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[edit]
  • Sturges House
    Sturges House
  • Sturges House, detail
    Sturges House, detail
  • David C. Scott House
    David C. Scott House

References

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  1. ^ "Daughter of Late Daniel H. Burnham Wed to Easterner". Chicago Tribune. 2 December 1921.
  2. ^ Rhode Island State Census, Providence, Rhode Island, 22 April 1925, p. 26{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ "Wheeler School Gives 26 Diplomas". Providence Journal. 5 June 1925.
  4. ^ The Vassarion. Vol. 39. New York: The Knickerbocker press. 1928. p. 145.
  5. ^ "Editor Elected". Vassar Miscellany News. 14 December 1927. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  6. ^ "Phi Beta Kappa Elects Members". Vassar Miscellany News. 23 February 1929. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  7. ^ "1929 Shifts Academic Tassels in Sixty-Fourth Commencement". Vassar Miscellany News. 12 June 1929. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  8. ^ Kelly, Margaret Burnham (1933). A Beach Development (B.Arch). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  9. ^ Kelly, Margaret Burnham. "A Beach Development" (1933) [architectural drawings]. Student Thesis Collection. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Museum, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1933.T.037 – 1933.T.042.
  10. ^ Kelly, Margaret Burnham (1933). A Beach Development (B.Arch). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. p. 18.
  11. ^ "Peter Geddes; retired architect, avid sailor". Providence Journal. 5 October 1990.
  12. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  13. ^ "Rocking Horse Farm – Brookfield, Massachusetts". Pencil Points: 75. February 1941.
  14. ^ Providence Preservation Society (April 2012). "Providence Preservation Society Records for 47 Manning Street, Plat 13, Lot 210" (PDF). Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  15. ^ "House in Seekonk, Mass., Geddes and Kelly, Architects". Architectural Forum. 74 (1): 35. January 1941.
  16. ^ "Calendar of Events". Brown/RISD Community Art Project. 8 (8). May 1941. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  17. ^ Who's Who of American Women (9 ed.). Chicago: Marquis-Who's Who. 1976. p. 362.
  18. ^ "Peter Geddes; retired architect, avid sailor". Providence Journal. 5 October 1990.
  19. ^ "House Added to Garage: Old Structure Given New Role". Providence Sunday Journal. 21 January 1951.
  20. ^ "Architects Open Display of Work: Exhibition at Providence Art Club Contains Pictures, Models of Buildings". Providence Journal. 3 May 1950.
  21. ^ "Margaret Geddes". Providence Journal. 12 March 1995.
  22. ^ "Woman Architect Joins City Agency". Providence Journal. 14 November 1956.
  23. ^ "League Supports Redevelopment as City Planning Tool". Providence Journal. 21 May 1954.
  24. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  25. ^ "Redevelopment Group Formed: Citizen's Committee to Expand Activities on Permanent Basis". Providence Journal. 20 December 1955.
  26. ^ "Woman Architect Joins City Agency". Providence Journal. 14 November 1956.
  27. ^ Taft, Dale R. (13 October 1957). "Historic Area Zoning Eyed for College Hill". Providence Journal.
  28. ^ "2 Groups Back Housing Code: Women Voters and Appraisers Assn. Hear Talks on Plans". Providence Journal. 1 March 1956.
  29. ^ "A Message Concerning Fair Housing: Citizens United for a Fair Housing Law in Rhode Island". Providence Journal. 21 April 1959.
  30. ^ Providence City Directory. Boston: R.L. Polk. 1964. p. 608.
  31. ^ Elliott, Carroll Angell (October 1964). "Classroom '64. Fifty Years of Vassar Students Attend Discussions of 'The City'". Vassar Alumnae Magazine: 21.
  32. ^ Wood, W. Edward (3 March 1974). "Environmentalists gird for land use tug of war". Providence Journal.
  33. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  34. ^ "Margaret Burnham Kelly (1907–1995)". AIA Historical Directory of American Architects. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  35. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  36. ^ "R.I. Architects Going to Hub Convention". Providence Sunday Journal. 30 May 1954.
  37. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  38. ^ Who's Who of American Women (9 ed.). Chicago: Marquis-Who's Who. 1976. p. 362.
  39. ^ "Personal and Social". Providence Journal. 27 April 1956.
  40. ^ "President of Vassar to Give Talk". Providence Sunday Journal. 20 September 1964.
  41. ^ "Distribution of A.A.V.C. Giving 1970-71". Vassar Quarterly. 58 (1): 36. September 1971.
  42. ^ Jordy, William (1992). "Small Houses Survey". William Jordy Papers, Box 4, Folder 6, John Hay Library, Brown University.
  43. ^ "Margaret Geddes". Providence Journal. 12 March 1995.
  44. ^ Shook, Jennifer (28 September 2018). "Graffiti commemorates department's history". Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  45. ^ Defusto, Lydia (23 October 2018). "Engineering Research Center opens early". Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  46. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  47. ^ "Rocking Horse Farm – Brookfield, Massachusetts". Pencil Points: 75. February 1941.
  48. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  49. ^ Moser, Albin. "History of the Narragansett Boat Club". Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  50. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  51. ^ Shook, Jennifer (28 September 2018). "Graffiti commemorates department's history". Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  52. ^ "Page 216, Manning Street, John Hutchins Cady Research Scrapbook". Providence Public Library Digital Collections. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  53. ^ Providence Preservation Society (April 2012). "Providence Preservation Society Records for 47 Manning Street, Plat 13, Lot 210" (PDF). Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  54. ^ MacDonald, Mary (2016-11-24). "Sturges House sells for $1.25M". Providence Business News. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  55. ^ "Page 214, Manning Street, John Hutchins Cady Research Scrapbook". Providence Public Library Digital Collections. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  56. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  57. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
  58. ^ "House in Seekonk, Mass., Geddes and Kelly, Architects". Architectural Forum. 74 (1): 35. January 1941.
  59. ^ "81 New Houses". Architectural Forum. 74 (4): 217. April 1941.
  60. ^ "Research Guides: RISD Architectural Drawings: Tillinghast Place". risd.libguides.com. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  61. ^ "House Added to Garage: Old Structure Given New Role". Providence Sunday Journal. 21 January 1951.
  62. ^ Koyl, George A. (1956). American Architects Directory (PDF). New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 192.
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