Mishima Taisha

Mishima Taisha 三嶋大社
Honden of Mishima Taisha
Religion
Affiliation	Shinto
Deity	Mishima Daimyōjin
Festival	August 16
Location
Location	1-5 Omiya-chō 2-chōme, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-0035
Shown within Shizuoka Prefecture Mishima Taisha (Japan)
Geographic coordinates	35°07′19″N 138°55′08″E
National Treasure of Japan
Website
www.mishimataisha.or.jp
Glossary of Shinto Important Cultural Property Natural Monument

The Mishima Taisha (三嶋大社) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Mishima in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is the ichinomiya of former Izu Province as well as its Sōja shrine. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on August 16, and features yabusame performances.

Enshrined kami

• Mishima Daimyōjin (三嶋大明神), an amalgamation of Ōyamatsu-no-mikoto (大山祇命) and his consort Tsumihayae Kotoshironushi no kami (積羽八重事代主神)

History

The date of Mishima Taisha's foundation is unknown. Per shrine tradition and Nara period records, the predecessor of the shrine may have originally located on Miyakejima but was transferred later from place to place. It first appeared in national chronicles in the Nihon Kōki in an entry date 832, with the location given as being in Kamo county, which is in the southern part of Izu Peninsula, near modern Shimoda. Subsequent mentions in the Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku (850, 852, 854), the Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku (859, 864) and the Ruijū Kokushi (868) mention the shrine, but not its location. By the time of the Engishiki in 927 AD, the shrine's location is listed as being in Tagata county, or its present location.

Mishima Taisha was greatly revered by Minamoto no Yoritomo after he was exiled to Izu, and he made prayers at the shrine at the start of his struggle to overthrow the Heike clan in the Genpei War. After the successful establishment of the Kamakura shogunate, he rebuilt the shrine on a large scale, and worship of the Mishima Daimyōjin became popular with the samurai class. The shrine continued to be supported by Yoritomo's successors, especially the fourth Shogun Kujō Yoritsune. During the Sengoku period the kami of Mishima Taisha came to be associated with victory in battle, and the shrine was patronized by the Odawara Hōjō, the Imagawa clan and the Tokugawa clan.

It may have been used as the Izu Province Sōja shrine

During the Edo period, Mishima Taisha and its associated post town of Mishima-shuku prospered as a popular pilgrimage stop on the Tōkaidō highway between Edo and Kyoto. Its torii gate was depicted in an ukiyo-e print by Hiroshige. A calendar issued by the shrine was carried home by pilgrims from all over Japan, and was known as the "Mishima Calendar".

During the Meiji period era of State Shinto, the shrine was designated as an Imperial shrine, 1st rank (官幣大社, Kokuhei Taisha) under the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines in 1871, meaning that it stood in the first rank of government supported shrines. However, its name was not changed from "Mishima Jinja" to "Mishima Taisha" until after World War II.

Cultural properties

National Treasures

• Makiie Box with plum decorations and contents (梅蒔絵手箱 一具, Ume makietebako ichi gu), Heian period. The most important object in the Mishima Shrine collection is a Japanese lacquerware wooden box with maki-e decoration. The box measures 25.8 x 34.5 x 19.7 cm, and contains numerous utensils and articles used for women's cosmetics in the late Heian period. It is the oldest existing hand box that has its original contents. It was donated to the shrine by Hōjō Masako. It is listed as one of the National Treasures of Japan from 1900.

Important Cultural Properties

• Honden, a three-bay nagare-zukuri style building, has been reconstructed numerous times over the history of the shrine. The current building dates from 1867, having been rebuilt after the shrine was flattened in the Ansei Tōkai earthquake of 1854. It is registered as a National Important Cultural Property.

• Tachi (Japanese sword), Kamakura period, donated to the shrine by Emperor Meiji.
• Wakizashi short sword, Nanboku-cho period, dated 1364, from a forge in Sagami
• Heart Sutra (紙本墨書般若心経 源頼家筆), dated 1203, written by Minamoto no Yoriie
• Yatabe Family Documents (矢田部家文書), a collection of 592 documents of shrine records from the Kamakura through Edo periods.

Natural Monuments

• Osmanthus fragrans tree, estimated to be 1200-years-old in the shrine precincts is protected by the national government as a Natural Monument..

Gallery

• 
  Honden
• 
  Maidono
• 
  Jinmon
• 
  Haiden
• 
  Osmanthus fragrans tree
• 
  Geinōden
• 
  Main Gate

See also

• List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts-others)
• List of Shinto shrines
• Ichinomiya
• Geographic data related to Mishima Taisha at OpenStreetMap

External links

Media related to Mishima-taisha at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website

References

• Earle, Joe. (2005). Splendors of Imperial Japan. The Khalili Collections. ISBN 1-874780-19-6
• Maas, Jeffrey P. (1999). Yoritomo and the Founding of the First Bakufu: The Origins of Dual Government in Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3591-3
• Plutschow, Herbe. (1996). Matsuri: The Festivals of Japan. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 1-873410-63-8
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887