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NGC 3184

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NGC 3184
NGC 3184 as observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope, as part of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxy Survey. The blue colors represent the 3.6 micrometre emission from stars. The green and red colors represent the 5.8 and 8.0 micrometre emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and possibly dustright
[clarification needed].
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension10h 18m 17.0s[1]
Declination+41° 25′ 28″[1]
Redshift0.001975[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity592 ± 1 km/s[1]
Distance39.8 ± 12 Mly
(12.2 ± 3.7 Mpc)[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)10.4[1]
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)b: II
Apparent size (V)7.4′ × 6.9′
Other designations
UGC 5557, PGC 30087

NGC 3184, the Little Pinwheel Galaxy, is an unbarred spiral galaxy approximately 40 million light-years away[2] in the constellation Ursa Major. Its name comes from its resemblance to the Pinwheel Galaxy. It was discovered on 18 March 1787 by German-British astronomer William Herschel.[3] It has two HII regions named NGC 3180[4] and NGC 3181.[5]

NGC 3184 houses a high abundance of heavy elements. The blue color of its spiral arms comes mostly from relatively few bright young blue stars. The bright stars that highlight the arms were created in huge density waves that circle the center.

Structure

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NGC 3184 has two prominent spiral arms. They have constant pitch angles, which makes them both symmetrical.[6]

Supernovae and Astronomical Transients

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Seven supernovae and astronomical transients have been observed in NGC 3184:

  • SN 1921B (type unknown, mag. 13.5)[7] was discovered by Fritz Zwicky on 6 April 1921.
  • SN 1921C (type unknown, mag. 11)[8] was discovered on 5 December 1921.
  • SN 1937F (type unknown, mag. 13.5)[9] was discovered by Fritz Zwicky on 9 December 1937.
  • SN 1999gi (type II, mag. 14)[10][11][12] was discovered by Reiki Kushida on 9 December 1999.
  • SN 2010dn (type ILRT, mag. 17)[13] was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 31 May 2010.
  • SN 2016bkv (type II, mag. 17.2),[14] was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 21 March 2016.
  • AT 2019sfe (type unknown, mag. 20.6)[15][16] was discovered on 8 October 2019.

SN 2010dn

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On May 31, 2010, Kōichi Itagaki detected a magnitude 17 optical transient 33" east and 61" north of the center of NGC 3184 at coordinates 10 18 19.89 +41 26 28.8.[17] Designated SN 2010dn, this event was initially thought to be an outbursting luminous blue variable (LBV) star,[18] but later analysis categorized it as an intermediate-luminosity red transient (ILRT), also known as a luminous red nova.[19][20] Archival Hubble and Spitzer images of NGC 3184 seem to show no progenitor for optical transient SN 2010dn.[21] SN 2010dn is just like SN 2008S and NGC 300-OT.[18] On day 2, SN 2010dn had an unfiltered magnitude of 17.1, corresponding to a peak absolute magnitude of roughly -13.3.[18]

Astronomical Transients in NGC 3184
Name apmag type
SN 1921B 13.5 ?
SN 1921C 11.0 ?
SN 1937F 13.5 ?
SN 1999gi 14.0 II
SN 2010dn 17.2 ILRT
SN 2016bkv 17.2 II
AT 2019sfe 20.6 ?
NGC 3184 showing supernova impostor 2010dn on June 02, 2010
Galaxies with several Supernovae
Galaxy number Declination
Arp 299 (NGC 3690 + IC 694) 14 +58
NGC 6946 (Fireworks) 10 +60
Messier 61 8 +04
Messier 100 7 +15
NGC 3184 7 +41
Messier 83 (Southern Pinwheel) 6 −29
NGC 2207 and IC 2163 6 −21
NGC 2276 6 +85
Messier 66 5 +12
Messier 101 (Pinwheel) 5 +54
NGC 309 5 −09

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3184. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
  2. ^ a b "Distance Results for NGC 3184". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
  3. ^ Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 3184". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  4. ^ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3180. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  5. ^ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3181. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  6. ^ Honig, Z.N.; Reid, M.J. (February 2015). "Characteristics of Spiral Arms in Late-type Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 800 (1): 5387–5394. arXiv:1412.1012. Bibcode:2015ApJ...800...53H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/53. PMID 53. S2CID 118666575. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  7. ^ "SN 1921B". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  8. ^ "SN 1921C". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  9. ^ "SN 1937F". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  10. ^ "SN 1999gi". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  11. ^ Daniel W. E. Green (1999-12-10). "Supernova 1999gi in NGC 3184 (Circular No. 7329)". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  12. ^ David Bishop. "1999gi (main page)". supernovae.net (International Supernovae Network). Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  13. ^ "SN 2010dn". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  14. ^ "SN 2016bkv". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  15. ^ "AT 2019sfe". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  16. ^ 2019sfe in NGC 3184 (David Bishop)
  17. ^ David Bishop. "Latest Supernovae". supernovae.net (International Supernovae Network). Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  18. ^ a b c Smith, Nathan; Weidong, Li; Silverman, Jeffrey; Ganeshalingam, Mo; Filippenko, Alexei (2010). "Luminous Blue Variable eruptions and related transients: Diversity of progenitors and outburst properties". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 415 (1): 773–810. arXiv:1010.3718. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.415..773S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18763.x. S2CID 85440811.
  19. ^ Cai, Y.-Z. (2021). "Intermediate-luminosity red transients: Spectrophotometric properties and connection to electron-capture supernova explosions". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 654: A157. arXiv:2108.05087. Bibcode:2021A&A...654A.157C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141078.
  20. ^ "AT 2010dn". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  21. ^ "ATEL 2655: HST/Spitzer limits on the progenitor of SN2010dn in NGC3184". Astronomers Telegram. 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
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