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National Self-Defence Front

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National Self-Defence Front
Front Narodowej Samoobrony
AbbreviationFNS
LeaderJanusz Bryczkowski[1]
Founded1994[2]
Dissolved1995[3]
Split fromSRP
Membership (1994)300[1]
IdeologyNeofascism[4]
Russophilia[4]
Pan-Slavism[5]
Political positionFar-right[4]
Colours  Black
Sejm
0 / 460
Senate
0 / 100
European Parliament
0 / 51
Regional assemblies
0 / 552
City presidents
0 / 117

National Self-Defence Front (Polish: Front Narodowej Samoobrony, FNS), also known as the Polish National Front (Polish: Polski Front Narodowy, PFN) was a Polish extreme nationalist political party active between 1994 and 1995. The party leader was Janusz Bryczkowski. It was related to the skinhead subculture and recruited members of the subculture to its fascist military group.[4] It was founded by Bryczkowski after he was expelled from Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, SRP) after his unsuccessful attempt to oust the party's leader, Andrzej Lepper, from power.[6]

The FNS openly called for fascism and attracted media attention by its incendiary statements.[7] The organisation became particularly notorious in September 1995, when its members and sympathisers, forming a militia called the Polish Legion, took part in a 'cleansing' action in Legionowo, directed mainly against the homeless. It resulted in two dead and around 30 wounded. The perpetrators were sentenced to 25 and 15 years' imprisonment, and the police effectively dissolved the party by cracking down on its activities and arresting its members. It was promptly dissolved afterwards.[4]

History

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The party was founded as a mutation of Wojciech Podjacki's National Polish Front.[8] The Polish National Front was established at the beginning of 1994 as the National Self-Defence Front, founded by a group of Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (SRP) activists in opposition to Andrzej Lepper, who were united by their activity in the Patriotic Association "Grunwald". The Polish National Front was subordinated to the youth organisation Legion Polski, which carried out activities of a militant nature.[2]

After Lepper was arrested for participating in an illegal farmer strike, Bryczkowski attempted to oust him from the leadership of the SRP. However, the move failed and Bryczkowski was expelled of the party, along with the small nationalist wing loyal to him.[6] After his expulsion, the SRP dismissed its right-wing supporters and gradually abandoned its big-tent anti-protest character in favour of becoming an established, far-left party.[9]

The FNS aroused a lot of controversy, mainly due to the statements of its leader Janusz Bryczkowski ("Democracy should be replaced by a dictatorship based on fascism, because nobody has come up with anything better", "I am a national socialist and I am taking up a fight against this Jewish system, which has not yet been dreamt of in this country"). Vladimir Zhirinovsky came to Poland at the invitation of the party.[1]

The National Self-Defence Front ran in the 1993 Polish parliamentary election, winning 565 votes, which accounted for 0.01%.[10]

The biggest scandal related to the FNS took place in September 1995, when, after a camp on Lake Śniardwy, three activists of the Legion of Youth beat up about thirty homeless people in Legionowo, two of whom died. The operation was called an "action to purge the town of incomplete elements" by the party, and sparked police crackdown on the activities of the FNS.[7] In 1998, the court sentenced two of the perpetrators to 25 and the third to 15 years' imprisonment. The Legionowo event resulted in the Polish Legion activists being cut off from Bryczkowski and, consequently, in the dissolution of the party.[3]

Ideology

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The party was described as a neofascist,[4] Russophilic and a Pan-Slavic organisation.[5] The ideology of the party was mainly shaped by the statements of its leader Janusz Bryczkowski, who shocked the 1990s Polish public by statements such as "Democracy should be replaced by a dictatorship based on fascism" and "I am a National Socialist and I am taking up a fight against this Jewish system that has not yet been dreamt of in the whole country". The party was trying to form an irregular fascist militias and recruited members amongst the skinhead community. The activities of the party quickly came to an end following the Śniardwy incident, which sparked police crackdown on the organisation.[7]

The formulated program of the party argued that "without fascism, automatons, gulags and death camps, our country will not move forward" and that "enslaving an individual for the good of society would not be reprehensible". Bryczkowski also stated that "in order to establish legal order in Poland, one needs to execute a million people". The party promoted its acquaintance with Russian nationalists and defended anti-Polish statements of some far-right Russian nationalists such as Zhirinovsky.[4]

The party was pan-Slavist, and the leader of the party was accused of being an "agent of Moscow", to which he replied that he is one "with pride".[11] The party had contacts with fellow far-right parties in Russia, and arranged a heavily publicized meeting of its party members with Vladimir Zhirinovsky in 1994.[1]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Żyrinowski w poniedziałek". rp.pl (in Polish). 27 January 1994.
  2. ^ a b Paszkiewicz, Krystyna A. (1996). Polskie partie polityczne. Charakterystyka, dokumenty (in Polish). Wrocław. p. 147. ISBN 978-83-7865-543-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ a b Kornak, Marcin (2009). Brunatna Księga 1987-2009 (in Polish). Warsaw: Stowarzyszenie „Nigdy Więcej”, Collegium Civitas. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-83-928440-0-6.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Zdulski, Tomasz (2011). Ciernie Miasta: Skinheadzi a ultraprawica w krajach Europy Środkowej (PDF) (in Polish). Jelenia Góra. pp. 42–43.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ a b Tomasiewicz, Jarosław [in Polish] (2003). Ugrupowania neoendeckie w III Rzeczypospolitej (in Polish). p. 171. ISBN 83-7322-668-0.
  6. ^ a b Drozd-Piesecka, Mirosława (2001). "Andrzej Lepper - Chłopski przywódca charyzmatyczny? Wizerunek medialny przewodniczącego "Samoobrony"". Etnografia Polska (in Polish). 65 (1). Warsaw: Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN: 47–84. ISSN 0071-1861.
  7. ^ a b c Kornak, Marcin (2009). "Słowiańskie nadużycie" (PDF) (in Polish). Nigdy Więcej.
  8. ^ Burns, Jacob (14 February 2012). "O ciężkim LOS-ie polskich faszystów". cia.media.pl (in Polish).
  9. ^ Madalena Pontes Meyer Resende (2004). An Ethos Theory of Party Positions on European Integration: Poland and Beyond (PDF). ProQuest LLC.
  10. ^ "M.P. z 1993 r. nr 50, poz. 470" (in Polish). Kancelaria Sejmu RP. 1993.
  11. ^ Tomasiewicz, Jarosław [in Polish] (2003). Ugrupowania neoendeckie w III Rzeczypospolitej (in Polish). p. 129. ISBN 83-7322-668-0.
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