Niederhaslach Church

Niederhaslach Church
Niederhaslach Church
Église paroissiale Saint-Jean Baptiste; Collégiale Saint-Florent
Location	Niederhaslach
Country	France
Denomination	Roman Catholic Church
History
Founded	1274
Architecture
Heritage designation	Monument historique
Designated	1846
Architect(s)	Gerlach von Steinbach
Style	Gothic architecture
Groundbreaking	1274
Completed	1385
Specifications
Length	51.1 m (168 ft)
Height	42 m (138 ft)
Administration
Archdiocese	Strasbourg

The Roman Catholic^[1] Parish church Saint John the Baptist (French: Église paroissiale Saint-Jean Baptiste), formerly Collegiate church Saint Florentius (Collégiale Saint-Florent) is the main church of the small city of Niederhaslach in Alsace. The building is widely considered one of the finest and most ornate examples of Gothic architecture and Gothic art in the Bas-Rhin departement of France.^[2]

History

The church, which was originally dedicated to Florentius of Strasbourg, bishop of Strasbourg from 618 to 624, was built from 1274 on as a replacement for a building from the 7th century that had been the shrine since 810 (by order of bishop Ratho) of relics of the Saint.^[3] The new church was under construction until 1385: a fire on 4 June 1287 that destroyed everything but the choir as well as the accidental death of the architect Gerlach von Steinbach (the son of Erwin von Steinbach) in 1330 had slowed down its completion. The church was plundered during the German Peasants' War in 1525 and on 6 June 1633, it was burned by Swedish mercenaries during the Thirty Years' War.^[3] The building was neglected during the following two centuries and even served as a slaughterhouse in 1744.^[3] The French Revolution, however, spared the church, but dissolved the chapter to which it belonged.^[4] The church was thoroughly restored from 1853 to 1887 by architects Émile Boeswillwald^[5] and Charles Winkler, and again from 1990 to 2006.^[6]

Niederhaslach's church is listed as a Monument historique since 1846 by the French Ministry of Culture.^[7]

Furnishing

Stained glass windows

Niederhaslach's church prides itself with one of the most complete and well preserved/restored collections of medieval stained glass windows in Alsace after Strasbourg Cathedral.^[2] The nave and choir display a large number of windows from the 13th and 14th century, remarkable for their shining nuances of blue and red and the number and variety of represented human figures. They represent the life of Jesus and Mary as well as of John the Baptist. The most famous window, being the most original in its design, is the one showing the predication of John the Baptist, the central figure being displayed life-sized.^[8] The façade shows a rose window of the year 1325.^[3]

Sculptures

Outside

Grand portal of 1310 representing the Annunciation, the Coronation of Mary and the Legend of Saint Florentius
Numerous gargoyles all around the building in the shape of humans and beasts
Remains of the cemetery: tombstones of clerical people from the 14th to the 18th century
Bas-relief "Christ on the Mount of Olives" (1492).

Inside

Representation of the Holy Sepulchre (14th century); tombstone of Gerlach von Steinbach (1330)
Keystones of the Gothic vault
Late medieval tomb of bishop Ratho
Choir stalls (1691)
Reliquary of Saint Florentius (1714)
Life-sized group of statues "Crucifixion scene" (1740)