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Interstate 880 (California)

Route map:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Nimitz Freeway)
For other uses, see Interstate 880 (disambiguation).

Interstate 880 marker
Interstate 880
Map
I-880 highlighted in red
Route information
Auxiliary route of I-80
Maintained by Caltrans
Length47.22 mi[1] (75.99 km)
Existed1984[2]–present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
South end I-280 / SR 17 in San Jose
Major intersections
North end I-80 / I-580 in Oakland
Location
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountiesSanta Clara, Alameda
Highway system
← I-805→ SR 905

Interstate 880 (I-880) is a north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. It runs from I-280 and State Route 17 (SR 17) in San Jose to I-80 and I-580 in Oakland, running parallel to the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay. For most of its route, I-880 is officially known as the Nimitz Freeway, after World War II fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz, who retired to the Bay Area. The northernmost five miles (8.0 km) is also commonly referred to as the Cypress Freeway, after the former alignment of the freeway and its subsequent replacement.

Route description

[edit]
I-880 approaching SR 92 in Hayward

The southern terminus of I-880 is at its interchange with I-280 and SR 17 in San Jose. From there, it heads roughly northeast past San Jose International Airport to US Route 101 (US 101). The Nimitz Freeway then turns northwest, running parallel to the southeastern shore of San Francisco Bay, connecting the cities of Milpitas, Fremont, Newark, Union City, Hayward, and San Leandro before reaching Oakland. In Oakland, I-880 passes by Oakland International Airport, Oakland Coliseum, the Port of Oakland, and Downtown Oakland. The northern terminus of I-880 is in Oakland at the junction with I-80 and I-580 (known as the MacArthur Maze), near the eastern approach of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.

I-880 between I-238 in San Leandro and the MacArthur Maze is used as the main truck route; trucks over 4.5 short tons (4.1 t; 4.0 long tons) are prohibited through Oakland on I-580.[3]

I-880 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System[4] and is part of the National Highway System,[5] a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).[6] Officially, the Nimitz Freeway designation is Route 880 from Route 101 to Route 80, as named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 23, Chapter 84 in 1958.[7]

Since the late 1990s, an infamous misconception for certain commuters and businesses in San Jose is that I-880 extends from I-280 to SR 85 in Los Gatos (which would extend the length to 50 miles [80 km]).

Express lanes

[edit]

High-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes along I-880 between the Milpitas–Fremont line at Dixon Landing Road and Lewelling Boulevard in San Lorenzo opened in October 2020. The southbound express lanes extend north to Hegenberger Road in Oakland and south to SR 237 in Milpitas.[8]

As of August 2022, the HOT lanes' hours of operation is weekdays between 5:00 am and 8:00 pm. Solo drivers are tolled using a congestion pricing system based on the real-time levels of traffic. Two-person carpools and clean air vehicles with a solo driver are charged 50 percent of the posted toll. Carpools with three or more people and motorcycles are not charged.[9] All tolls are collected using an open road tolling system, and therefore there are no toll booths to receive cash. Each vehicle is required to carry either a FasTrak Flex or CAV (Clean Air Vehicle) transponder, with its switch set to indicate the number of the vehicle's occupants (one, two, three, or more). Solo drivers may also use the FasTrak standard tag without the switch.[9] Drivers without any FasTrak tag will be assessed a toll violation regardless of whether they qualified for free.[10]

History

[edit]
The Oakland Airport Connector traverses I-880 in Oakland, with Oakland Coliseum and Arena right of center

The state legislature added the proposed San Jose–Richmond East Shore Highway to the state highway system in 1933, and it became an extension of the previously short (San Rafael to the bay) Legislative Route (LRN) 69,[11][12] and part of Sign Route 13 (soon changed to 17) in 1934.[13] From San Jose, this route temporarily followed existing LRN 5 (present Oakland Road, Main Street, Milpitas Boulevard, and Warm Springs Boulevard) to SR 21 at Warm Springs and then continued along existing county roads and city streets,[14] now known as Fremont Boulevard, Alvarado Boulevard, Hesperian Boulevard, Lewelling Boulevard, Washington Avenue, 14th Street, 44th Avenue, 12th Street, 14th Avenue, 8th Street, and 7th Street, into Downtown Oakland. It then turned north at Cypress Street (now Mandela Parkway), passing through the MacArthur Maze and following a newly constructed alignment (signed as US 40) to El Cerrito.[15][16][17][18][19][20]

The first short piece of the new Eastshore Freeway opened to traffic on July 22, 1949, connecting Oak Street downtown with 23rd Avenue.[21][22] It was extended to 98th Avenue on June 1, 1950,[23] Lewelling Boulevard on June 13, 1952,[24] and Jackson Street (SR 92) on June 5, 1953.[25] At the San Jose end, the overlap with Route 5 between Bayshore Highway (US 101) and Warm Springs was bypassed on July 2, 1954.[26] Within Oakland, the double-decker Cypress Street Viaduct opened on June 11, 1957, connecting the freeway with the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.[27] The Oakland segment was extended south to Fremont Boulevard at Beard Road on November 14, 1957,[28] and the gap was filled on November 24, 1958,[29] soon after the state legislature named the highway after Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz.[30] (The short spur to Route 5 at Warm Springs (now SR 262) remained in the state highway system as a branch of Route 69.[31]) As these sections opened, Sign Route 17 (and LRN 69) was moved from its old surface routing, which mostly became local streets. Other than Route 5 south of Warm Springs, the portion from San Leandro into Oakland was also kept as part of Route 105 (now SR 185).[32]

Historic alignments

[edit]

SR 17

[edit]
Main article: California State Route 17 § East Bay
U.S. Route 48 marker
U.S. Route 48
LocationFrench Camp–San Jose from 1926–1929
Lathrop–Hayward[33] from 1929–1931
Existed1926–1931
U.S. Route 101E marker
U.S. Route 101E
LocationSan Rafael–San Jose
Existed1929–1940s
State Route 17 marker
State Route 17
LocationSan Rafael–Santa Cruz
Existed1940s–1984 north of I-280

Prior to 1984, the route known as I-880 used to be part of SR 17, which was US 48[33] from current I-238 to US 101 from 1926 to 1931, then US 101E from 1929 to the mid-1930s. SR 17 used to run from Santa Cruz all the way through San Jose, Oakland, and then continued north via the Eastshore Freeway (I-80) through Richmond to the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge and San Rafael.

In 1984, the segment of SR 17 from I-280 in San Jose to the MacArthur Maze in Oakland was renumbered as I-880, and the portion of SR 17 from the MacArthur Maze to San Rafael was renumbered as part of I-580.

Nimitz Freeway

[edit]

In 1947, construction commenced on a freeway to replace the street routing of SR 17 through the East Bay. The new freeway was named the "Eastshore Freeway", and, with the subsequent addition of a freeway to replace the Eastshore Highway north of the MacArthur Maze in the mid 1950s, it ran, appropriately, almost the entire length of the east shore of San Francisco Bay.[34][35][36] In 1958, following a joint resolution of the California State Legislature, the portion south of the MacArthur Maze was renamed the Nimitz Freeway in honor of WWII Admiral Nimitz, while the portion to the north retained the name Eastshore Freeway.[37] The formal dedication, with the participation of Admiral Nimitz, took place on August 12, 1958.[38]

Historic US 50 Bus.

[edit]
Business plate 1961.svg
U.S. Route 50 Business marker
U.S. Route 50 Business
LocationOakland–Castro Valley
Existed????–1964

The northern portion of I-880 was designated US 50 Business (US 50 Bus.) for a time between the I-80 interchange and Downtown Oakland.

Original routing in Sacramento

[edit]
See also: Interstate 80 Business (Sacramento, California)
Interstate 880 marker
Interstate 880
LocationWest Sacramento–Sacramento
Existed1971–1983

From 1971 to 1983, I-880 was the original route designation for the Beltline Freeway, the northern bypass freeway for the Sacramento area. This freeway begins in West Sacramento as a fork from the original I-80, continues northeast over the Sacramento River to its interchange with I-5, continues east through the communities of North Sacramento and Del Paso Heights, and ends at an interchange with the Roseville Freeway (I-80). The now-designated Capital City Freeway was then the original I-80 routing, continuing southwest directly into Downtown Sacramento. I-80 was then rerouted along the Beltline Freeway in 1983, while the Capital City Freeway became I-80 Bus.

Modern history

[edit]

Cypress Viaduct and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

[edit]
Portion of the collapsed Cypress Viaduct in Oakland

A large double-decker section in Oakland, known as the Cypress Street Viaduct, collapsed during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, causing 42 deaths; initial estimates were significantly higher, but, because many commuters on both sides of the bay had left early or stayed late to watch Game 3 of the San Francisco–Oakland World Series, the freeway was far less crowded than normal at the time of the quake.[39]

Due to environmental impact concerns, and the desire by the West Oakland community to reconnect the neighborhood with the rest of the city, among other reasons, a new route was selected along an industrial area and railroad yard around the outskirts of the neighborhood.[40] Although only about three miles (4.8 km) in length, the replacement freeway cost over $1.2 billion (equivalent to $1.97 billion in 2023[41]), and did not open until 1997 for several reasons: it crossed over and under the elevated Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) line to San Francisco; it squeezed between a postoffice, the West Oakland station, the Port of Oakland, a railyard, and an East Bay Municipal Utility District sewage treatment plant; it occupied an entirely new right-of-way, which required the acquisition of large amounts of valuable industrial real estate near the Port of Oakland; and it had to be earthquake resistant.[42] The former path of the structure was then renamed Mandela Parkway, and the median where the freeway stood became a landscaped linear park.[40]

Flood plains

[edit]

Several aspects of the I-880 facility have been constructed in designated floodplains such as the 1990 and 2004 interchange improvements at Dixon Landing Road. In that case, the FHWA was required to make a finding that there was no feasible alternative to the new ramp system as designed. In that same study, the FHWA produced an analysis to support the fact that adequate wetlands mitigation had been designed into the improvement project.[43]

Sound barriers

[edit]

Due to high sound levels generated from this highway and the relatively dense urban development in the highway corridor, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has conducted numerous studies to retrofit the right-of-way with noise barriers. This activity has occurred in Oakland, San Leandro, Hayward, Newark, and Fremont. During the 1989 widening of I-880 in parts of Newark and Fremont, scientific studies were conducted to determine the need for sound walls and to design optimum heights to achieve Federal noise standards.[44]

No interchange with SR 87/Guadalupe Freeway

[edit]

Between Coleman Avenue and 1st Street in San Jose, SR 87 (Guadalupe Freeway) crosses above I-880 without an interchange, making it the only point in California where two freeways cross without a connection.[45] Because of its proximity to the runways at San Jose International Airport, Caltrans cannot construct elevated ramps without them interfering with flight paths. Tunneling underneath to build underground ramps would also make a significant environmental impact to the nearby Guadalupe River.[45]

Gasoline tanker accident in 2007

[edit]
Further information: MacArthur Maze § 2007 I-580 East Connector collapse
A portion of I-880 following the 2007 collapse

On April 29, 2007, a gasoline tanker overturned and caught fire on the connector between westbound I-80 and southbound I-880 on the MacArthur Maze interchange. The fire caused major damage to both this connector and one directly above (eastbound I-80 onto eastbound I-580). The overpass was replaced and reopened 27 days later. The governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, declared it as a state of emergency and all public transportation was free on the first commute day.[46]

2012–2015 I-880/I-280 interchange improvement

[edit]

Improvements to the I-280/I-880 and Stevens Creek Boulevard interchanges finished early 2015. Changes included breaking up the handful of ramps that both interchanges shared so they would be independent from one another. Construction began in late 2012 and the ramp from I-280 north to I-880 north opened in April 2015.[47]

I-880 Corridor Improvement Project

[edit]

The I-880 Corridor Improvement Project, one of the last seismic retrofit projects of a major transportation corridor in California, consisted of eight separate projects located in a 15-mile (24 km) segment of the freeway between Oakland and Hayward.[48][49]

The overall goal of the project was to improve the seismic safety of the corridor. After the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Caltrans initiated Phase 1 of its seismic retrofit program. After the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Caltrans initiated Phase 2 of its seismic retrofit program, which included projects along the I-880 corridor.[50] Other goals include reducing traffic congestion and improving road quality.[51]

The individual projects included in the I-880 Corridor Improvement Project were retrofitting or replacing the 5th Avenue, 23rd Avenue, 29th Avenue, Fruitvale Avenue, and High Street bridges in Oakland; improvements to both the I-238 and SR 92 interchanges (the latter, a four-year project, completed in October 2011);[52] and an overall rehabilitation/repaving project along the entire segment. Construction began in 2006, although certain projects were completed in 2020. The total cost of the project is $462.7 million (equivalent to $673 million in 2023[41]), provided by federal, state, and regional funds.

Exit list

[edit]
CountyLocationmi[53]kmExit[53]DestinationsNotes
Santa ClaraSan Jose0.000.001A
 SR 17 south – Santa Cruz		Continuation beyond I-280
0.000.001B I-280 (Junipero Serra Freeway north, Sinclair Freeway west) – San Francisco, Downtown San JoseSouthern terminus; I-280 north exit 5C, south exit 5B; SR 17 north exits 27A-B; stack interchange.
0.410.661CStevens Creek Boulevard, West San Carlos Street
1.252.011DBascom Avenue – Santa ClaraSigned as exits 1A (south) and 1B (north) northbound
2.083.352 SR 82 (The Alameda) – Santa Clara
2.674.303 Coleman Avenue – Mineta San Jose International Airport
3.205.15— SR 87 (Guadalupe Freeway)Closed, as the proximity to both the Guadalupe River and San Jose International Airport makes the construction of ramps impractical
3.575.754AFirst Street – Downtown San Jose
4.086.574B US 101 (Bayshore Freeway) – Los Angeles, San FranciscoSouthbound access to US 101 north is via exit 4C/10th Street; signed as exits 4B (south) and 4C (north) northbound; US 101 exits 388B-C
4.377.034DGish RoadNorthbound signage
4C

 To US 101 north (Old Bayshore Highway) / 10th Street – San Francisco		Southbound signage
5.348.595Brokaw Road
6.7010.787Montague Expressway (CR G4)
Milpitas7.6912.388AGreat Mall Parkway, Tasman Drive
—I-880 Express Lanes south endsSouth end of southbound Express Lane
8.4213.558B SR 237 (Calaveras Boulevard) / McCarthy Boulevard – Mountain View, MilpitasSigned as exits 8B (east) and 8C (west) southbound. No southbound entrance from McCarthy Boulevard; SR 237 exits 9B-C
—

 SR 237 Express Lanes west – Mountain View		Express Lanes exit only; southbound exit and northbound entrance
Santa Clara–Alameda
county line		Milpitas–Fremont line10.4116.7510Dixon Landing Road
—I-880 Express Lanes north beginsSouth end of northbound Express Lane
AlamedaFremont12.26–
12.60		19.73–
20.28		12

 SR 262 east (Mission Boulevard) to I-680 / Warren Avenue – Sacramento, Livermore		Signed as exits 12A (Mission Boulevard) and 12B (Warren Avenue) northbound
13.4921.7113Fremont Boulevard South, Cushing ParkwayFormerly signed as exit 13B northbound
14.9424.0415Auto Mall Parkway
Fremont–Newark line16.4726.5116Stevenson Boulevard
17.4228.0317Mowry Avenue – Central Fremont
19.0730.6919
 SR 84 east (Thornton Avenue) – Central Newark		South end of SR 84 overlap; Central Newark not signed southbound
20.5333.0421
 SR 84 west (Decoto Road) – Dumbarton Bridge		North end of SR 84 overlap
Union City21.7134.9422Fremont Boulevard North, Alvarado Boulevard
23.2837.4723Alvarado Niles Road
23.9038.4624Whipple Road, Industrial Parkway, Dyer StreetDyer Street not signed northbound, Industrial Parkway not signed southbound
Hayward24.7639.8525Industrial ParkwayNorthbound exit is via exit 24
25.8741.6326Tennyson Road
26.9243.3227 SR 92 (Jackson Street) – San Mateo BridgeSR 92 exits 26A-B
27.8344.7928Winton Avenue
28.5846.0029A Street – San LorenzoSan Lorenzo not signed southbound
San Lorenzo30.3948.9130Hesperian BoulevardNorthbound signage
30.5549.17Lewelling Boulevard – San LorenzoSouthbound signage
—I-880 Express Lanes north endsNorth end of northbound Express Lanes
San Leandro30.9149.7431A

 I-238 south to I-580 – Castro Valley, Stockton		Signed as exit 31 southbound; I-238 exits 16A/17B
31.0549.9731BWashington AvenueSouthbound exit is part of exit 31
33.0653.2033Marina BoulevardSigned as exits 33A (east) and 33B (west)
33.8754.5134Davis Street (SR 112)
Oakland34.9756.2835 98th Avenue – Oakland International Airport
35.7157.4736 Hegenberger Road – Oakland Coliseum, Oakland International Airport
—I-880 Express Lanes south beginsNorth end of southbound Express Lanes
36.8359.273766th Avenue, Zhone Way – Oakland Coliseum
37.9461.0638High Street (SR 77)  – Alameda
38.9162.6239A29th Avenue, Fruitvale AvenueReplacement 29th Avenue overpass and new northbound exit ramp completed c. 2019
39.1663.0239B23rd Avenue – AlamedaAlameda not signed northbound
40.0364.4240Embarcadero, Fifth Avenue, 16th AvenueNo northbound entrance; 16th Avenue not signed northbound; Fifth Avenue not signed southbound
41.3166.4841AOak Street, Lakeside DriveNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
41.3266.50—Jackson StreetNorthbound entrance only
41.3266.5041BBroadway – Downtown OaklandNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
41.9167.4542A

 I-980 east (Grove Shafter Freeway) to SR 24 – Walnut Creek		Northbound exit and southbound entrance
42.3368.1242BMarket Street – Harbor TerminalNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
43.0269.2342Broadway (to SR 61) – AlamedaNew interchange added upon post-1989 Loma Prieta earthquake realignment; southbound exit and northbound entrance
—8th Street, Cypress StreetClosed in aftermath of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake; was northbound exit only
43.7370.38447th Street, West Grand AvenueFormerly also served Kirkham Street in pre-1989 earthquake alignment; northbound exit and southbound entrance; exit ramp added upon post-earthquake realignment
—14th Street – Downtown OaklandClosed in aftermath of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake; was northbound entrance and southbound exit
—Cypress Street, Peralta StreetClosed in aftermath of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake; was southbound exit only
—Cypress Street at 32nd StreetClosed in aftermath of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake; was northbound entrance only
45.6373.4346A

 I-80 Toll west (Bay Bridge) – San Francisco		Northbound left exit and southbound entrance; southern end of MacArthur Maze; exit goes directly to the Bay Bridge toll plaza; I-80 exit 8A eastbound
44West Grand Avenue, 7th StreetNew interchange added upon post-1989 Loma Prieta earthquake realignment; southbound exit and northbound entrance
46B

 I-80 east / I-580 west (Eastshore Freeway) – San Rafael, Sacramento		Northern terminus; northern end of MacArthur Maze; northbound exit and southbound entrance; no access to/from MacArthur Freeway (I-580 east); I-80 exit 8B westbound
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Starks, Edward (January 27, 2022). "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways". FHWA Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  2. ^ Faigin, Daniel P. (January 5, 2020). "State Route 17". California Highways. Retrieved April 8, 2020.[self-published source]
  3. ^ "California Interstate Route 580 Special Restriction History". California Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
  4. ^ "Article 2 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets and Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  5. ^ Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: San Francisco–Oakland, CA (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  6. ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  7. ^ California Department of Transportation; California State Transportation Agency (January 2021). 2020 Named Freeways, Highways, Structures and Other Appurtenances in California (PDF). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. p. 99. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2022.
  8. ^ "Express lane tolling begins on I-880 from Oakland to Fremont, Milpitas border". KGO-TV. October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  9. ^ a b "I-880 Express Lanes". www.bayareafastrak.org. CalTrans. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
  10. ^ "Pay Tolls & Violations". www.bayareafastrak.org. CalTrans. Retrieved August 14, 2022. If you use Bay Area Express Lanes, you must use a FasTrak toll tag, otherwise you will receive a violation notice including toll evasion penalties
  11. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to amend sections 2, 3 and 5 and to add two sections to be numbered 6 and 7 to an act entitled 'An act to provide for the acquisition of rights of way for and the construction, maintenance..." Fiftieth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 767 p. 2036.: "San Jose to Richmond (East Shore Highway)."
  12. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to establish a Streets and Highways Code, thereby consolidating and revising the law relating to public ways and all appurtenances thereto, and to repeal certain acts and parts of acts specified herein". Fifty-first Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 29 p. 280.: "Route 69 is from: (a) Route 1 near San Rafael to Point San Quentin. (b) San Jose to Richmond (East Shore Highway)."
  13. ^ Dennis, T.H. (August 1934). "State Routes Will Be Numbered and Marked with Distinctive Bear Signs". California Highways and Public Works. 11 (8): 20–21, 32. ISSN 0008-1159 – via Archive.org.
  14. ^ Blow, Ben (1920). California Highways: A Descriptive Record of Road Development by the State and by Such Counties as Have Paved Highways. San Francisco: H.S. Crocker & Co. p. 134. OCLC 1041578425 – via Archive.org.
  15. ^ H.M. Gousha Company (1941). San Francisco and Vicinity (Map). c. 1:253,440. H.M. Gousha Company. Archived from the original on June 25, 2008.
  16. ^ United States Geological Survey (1943). San Jose Quadrangle (Map). 1:62,500. Reston, Virginia: United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009.
  17. ^ United States Geological Society (1943). Pleasanton Quadrangle (Map). 1:62,500. Reston, Virginia: United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009.
  18. ^ United States Geological Society (1942). Hayward Quadrangle (Map). 1:62,500. Reston, Virginia: United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009.
  19. ^ United States Geological Society (1943). Concord Quadrangle (Map). 1:62,500. Reston, Virginia: United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009.
  20. ^ United States Geological Society (1942). San Francisco Quadrangle (Map). 1:62,500. Reston, Virginia: United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009.
  21. ^ "The Beginning of an East Bay Freeway". Hayward Daily Review. July 16, 1949.[full citation needed]
  22. ^ Hayward Daily Review (Editorial). July 29, 1949. Our main complaint with the Freeway is that it's so very short and runs you into dead ends at both 23rd avenue and at Sixth street so that the turn-off is hardly worth the bother. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)[full citation needed]
  23. ^ "East Oakland to Celebrate Opening of New Freeway Section". Oakland Tribune. May 28, 1950.[full citation needed]
  24. ^ Hayward Daily Review. June 13, 1952. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)[full citation needed]
  25. ^ "New Eastshore Freeway Link Opened with Oakland–Hayward Ceremonies". Oakland Tribune. June 6, 1953.[full citation needed]
  26. ^ "Eastshore Freeway is Open to Traffic". Fresno Bee Republican. July 3, 1954.[full citation needed]
  27. ^ "City Officials to Open Freeway Link". Oakland Tribune. June 6, 1957.[full citation needed]
  28. ^ "New Freeway Link Ready". Hayward Daily Review. November 12, 1957.[full citation needed]
  29. ^ "250 Officials Hail Freeway Finish". Oakland Tribune. November 25, 1958.[full citation needed]
  30. ^ California State Assembly. "Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 23—Relative to the designation of State Highway 17 as the 'Nimitz Freeway'". 1958 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California (Resolution). State of California. Ch. 84 p. 154.
  31. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to amend Sections 306, 320, 332, 351, 362, 365, 369, 374, 382, 388, 397, 407, 408, 409, 410, 415, 422, 435, 440, 446, 453, 456, 460, 467, 470, 476, 487, 492, 493, 494, 506, 521, 528, and 529..." 1959 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 1062 p. 3116. "Route 69 is from: (a) San Jose to the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge Toll Plaza including a connection to Route 5 near Warm Springs."
  32. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to establish a Streets and Highways Code, thereby consolidating and revising the law relating to public ways and all appurtenances thereto, and to repeal certain acts and parts of acts specified herein". Fifty-first Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 29 p. 282-283. "Route 105 is from:...(c) Hayward, via Fourteenth Street in San Leandro, to Seventh and Cypress Streets in Oakland."
  33. ^ a b "End of US highway 48". Archived from the original on November 1, 2009. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
  34. ^ Carter, E.J. (May–June 1949). "Rapid Progress: East Shore Freeway Project in Oakland Nearing Completion". California Highways and Public Works. 28 (5–6): 6–10. ISSN 0008-1159 – via Archive.org.
  35. ^ Shell Oil Company (1956). San Francisco and Vicinity (Map). San Jose, California: Shell Oil Company – via David Rumsey Map Collection.
  36. ^ Shell Oil Company (1956). "Shell Street Map of East Bay Cities" (Map). Shell Street Guide of Oakland. 1:38,016. Chicago: H.M. Gousha Company. Retrieved April 15, 2020 – via David Rumsey Map Archive.
  37. ^ California (1958). "Chapter 84: Senate Concurrent Resolution 23—Relative to the Designation of State Highway 17 as the 'Nimitz Freeway'". Statutes of California.
  38. ^ "Nimitz Officially Names Freeway". Oakland Tribune. August 12, 1958. p. 7. Retrieved March 8, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ Haberman, Clyde (April 13, 2014). "Promises of Preparedness Followed Devastating Earthquakes. And Yet". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  40. ^ a b "Mandela Parkway". Congress for the New Urbanism. February 26, 2020. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
  41. ^ a b Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  42. ^ Jackson, Brett (March–April 1998). "Replacing Oakland's Cypress Freeway". Public Roads. 61 (5). Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
  43. ^ Environmental Assessment for the I-880 Dixon Landing Road Interchange Improvement Project, Cities of Fremont and Milpitas, California. Federal Highway Administration. February 1989. Report EMI 7360.
  44. ^ Earth Metrics Inc. (October 1989). Acoustical Study for the Widening of Interstate 880 in the Cities of Newark and Fremont, Alameda County, California. Federal Highway Administration.
  45. ^ a b Richards, Gary (July 23, 2007). "Missed connection: Why there is no interchange at Hwy. 87 and I-880". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  46. ^ Wohlsen, Marcus (April 30, 2007). "Bay Area Commuters Face Nightmare". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 2, 2007.
  47. ^ Vink, John A. (July 25, 2009). "Community Meeting reveals I-880/I-280/Stevens Creek/Winchester plans". South Winchester News. Archived from the original on August 10, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2009.
  48. ^ Ishimaru, Heather (July 14, 2010). "Construction along 880 corridor will mean better roads". KGO-TV. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  49. ^ Burt, Cecily (May 12, 2010). "$227 million freeway project will protect Nimitz commuters in Oakland" (PDF). Oakland Tribune. Retrieved January 26, 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  50. ^ "Caltrans Seismic Retrofit Program". California Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  51. ^ "I-880 Corridor Improvement Project Website". I880corridor.com. October 7, 2011. Archived from the original on April 29, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  52. ^ Kurhi, Eric (October 8, 2011). "At long last, improved connectors open at Hayward traffic trouble spot". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  53. ^ a b "Interstate 880 Freeway Interchanges" (PDF). California Numbered Exit Uniform System. California Department of Transportation. August 15, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
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