Oscillospiraceae
Oscillospiraceae, also commonly called Ruminococcaceae, is a family of bacteria in the class Clostridia. All Oscillospiraceae are obligate anaerobes. However, members of the family have diverse shapes, with some rod-shaped and others cocci.[7]
Within the family, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is notable as an abundant commensal bacteria of the human gut microbiota. In addition, several members of Ruminococcus are found in the human gut.[8] The Oscillospira genus and its impact on human health has led to numerous theories on its development and its involvement in human health.
Current knowledge
[edit]The first species of the Oscillospira genus, a bacterium named O. guillermondii, was found in 1913 in the cecal contents of a guinea pig by Chatton and Pérard and is the only formally described species in the genus.[9] Knowledge of Oscillospira and their physiology and ecological interactions are still minimal having limited success in cultivation. The necessary components for Oscillospira to grow are still undetermined or otherwise unknown.[10] A characteristic of this bacterium is the ability to form spores and take on different physical shapes like rods and cocci. The Oscillospira species are assumed to be slower growers as they are more abundantly found in harder or firmer stools, an indicator of spending more time in the colon before being passed, commonly known as constipation. This theory is further supported by their ties to gallstone disease where constipation is a risk factor.[9]
Impact on gut health
[edit]Members of this family are observed to be abundantly found in fecal microbiota. Oscillospira in particular has been found to have possible ties to leanness through its 16s rRNA gene in recent gut microbiota studies and has established a connection with a lack of abundance of these bacteria in people impacted with steatohepatitis, a liver disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Chron's and Ulcerative colitis.[9]In addition, Oscillospira have been shown to ferment complex plant carbohydrates and is being looked at to play a potential role in probiotic production.[9] Oscillospira has also been found in animals such as cattle and sheep and similarly to humans, the abundance and form of Oscillospira is largely dependent on diet. Greater abundance was found to be with primarily fresh forage food in these animals.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Oscillospiraceae". LPSN. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
- ^ Chen S, Dong X (2004). "Acetanaerobacterium elongatum gen. nov., sp. nov., from paper mill waste water". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (6): 2257–2262. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63212-0. PMID 15545467.
- ^ Parker CT, Garrity GM (1 January 2003). Parker CT, Garrity GM (eds.). "Taxonomic Abstract for the genera". The NamesforLife Abstracts. doi:10.1601/tx.29383.
- ^ Lawson PA, Song Y, Liu C, Molitoris DR, Vaisanen ML, Collins MD, Finegold SM (2004). "Anaerotruncus colihominis gen. nov., sp. nov., from human faeces". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (2): 413–417. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02653-0. PMID 15023953.
- ^ Le Roy T, Van der Smissen P, Paquot A, Delzenne N, Muccioli GG, Collet JF, Cani PD (2019). "Dysosmobacter welbionis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces and emended description of the genus Oscillibacter". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (9): 4851–4858. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003547. PMID 31232680.
- ^ Duncan DH, Hold GL, Harmsen HJ, Stewart CS, Flint HJ (2002). "Growth requirements and fermentation products of Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and a proposal to reclassify it as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii gen. nov., comb. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (6): 2141–2146. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-6-2141. PMID 12508881.
- ^ Rainey FA (2015). "Ruminococcaceae fam. nov.". In Whitman WB (ed.). Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.fbm00136. ISBN 9781118960608.
- ^ Rajilić-Stojanović M, de Vos WM (September 2014). "The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 38 (5): 996–1047. doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12075. PMC 4262072. PMID 24861948.
- ^ a b c d Gophna, Uri; Konikoff, Tom; Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn (March 2017). "Oscillospira and related bacteria – From metagenomic species to metabolic features". Environmental Microbiology. 19 (3): 835–841. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13658. ISSN 1462-2912.
- ^ a b Mackie, Roderick I.; Aminov, Rustam I.; Hu, Wenping; Klieve, Athol V.; Ouwerkerk, Diane; Sundset, Monica A.; Kamagata, Yoichi (November 2003). "Ecology of Uncultivated Oscillospira Species in the Rumen of Cattle, Sheep, and Reindeer as Assessed by Microscopy and Molecular Approaches". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 69 (11): 6808–6815. doi:10.1128/AEM.69.11.6808-6815.2003. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 262257. PMID 14602644.
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