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Overseas Indian representation in Indian sports

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The Overseas Indian representation in Indian sports refers to the participation of foreign nationals of Indian origin in international events of both senior and junior level representing the Republic of India. As India prohibits dual nationality, sports representation in international events with respect to Indian participation has generally followed the norm of selection of sportspeople of Indian nationality.

Despite this due to the ambiguity of representation law till 2008, many Overseas Indian sportspeople have represented India at international events. While individual sports such as tennis, figure skating etc, dominate Overseas Indian sportspeople representation, rugby union remains the only major team sport with Overseas Indian players,[1][2][3] until 2008 when the Overseas Indians were disqualified from representing India.

History

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In India however, the National sports representation law stems from a circular issued by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in December 2008, wherein it directed all national sports federations that any sportsperson representing India at the international level must hold a valid Indian passport.[4] The rule was upheld in 2010 by the Delhi High Court in the Karm Kumar vs Union Of India and Ors.[5]

The Indian law, with respect to the eligibility of Overseas Indians representing India stands at odds with the eligibility criteria for national representation of any sports governing bodies since 2008 when the current regulations were enforced and Overseas Indian representation was abolished. Before 2008 order and 2011 enactment of National Sports Code, due to ambiguity and lack of any sports law in the country with respect to player representation in international events, many Overseas Indian sportspeople had represented India in certain sports such as tennis, winter sports, swimming, etc.[6][7]

Overseas Indian sportspeople representing India

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This is a list of Overseas Indian sportspeople (both men and women) who have represented or are currently representing India in any sport at international level.

  • Players of Indian origin, who represented India while retaining their original nationality.
  • Players of Indian origin, who represented India while or after giving up their original nationality and taking up Indian citizenship.

Note:

  • Representation after 2008: Despite the 2008 rule change, a handful of Overseas Indians continued to represent India in certain individual sports such as tennis, winter sports, badminton etc., but this continued without Indian sports federations' support and also international rules for national representation remained unchanged. But while they represented India on an individual capacity at the international events, due to the withdrawal of the Indian sports federations' administrative and financial support,[8] they remained ineligible to represent India at multi-sport events such as Olympics, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games.
  • Dual citizenship for minors: Dual citizenship in India is allowed in certain cases of minor children, as those who are born outside the territory of India can obtain Indian citizenship through descent (by Section 4 of The Citizenship Act, 1955) as well as of the foreign country (by Jus soli, e.g. United States). Thus the minors in such cases can remain dual citizens till 18 upon which they will have to choose only one citizenship.[9] This has enabled some minor Overseas Indians to represent India post 2008, but will become ineligible if they choose the foreign citizenship upon attaining majority.
  • Status of Unrecognised sports: Certain major sports such as Mixed martial arts (MMA) have not been recognised by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India) as a sport in India, which are instead held as events. The Indian MMA federations do not form a part of the National Sports Federations and thus they are not covered under the National Sports Code 2011. Thus the Overseas Indian fighters can represent India as individual representatives at professional MMA fights as they do not come under the purview of any sports federation.[10]
Color key
  •   Acquired Indian nationality

Team sports

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Cricket

[edit]
Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Lall Singh  Malaysia 1932 [11]
Robin Singh  Trinidad and Tobago 1989–2001 Cricket World Cup [12]

Football

[edit]
Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Balai Dey  Pakistan 1969–1970 Merdeka Tournament [13]
Arata Izumi  Japan 2013–2014 AFC Challenge Cup, SAFF Championship [14]
Sunny Dhaliwal  Canada 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup [15]

Field hockey

[edit]
Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Trevor Fernandes  Tanzania 1971–1973 [16]

Rugby union

[edit]
Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Manmandir Singh Samra  United Kingdom 2004–2006 [17][1]
Simon Patel Knowles  United Kingdom 2004–2006 [1]
Amarveer Singh Ladhar  United Kingdom 2004–2006 [1]
Ajay Sabharwal  United Kingdom 2004–2006 [1]

Individual sports

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Boxing

[edit]
Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Zoramthanga Myanmar Burma 1989–1990 World Championships, Commonwealth Games [18]

Tennis

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Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Prakash Amritraj  United States 2002–2013 Grand Slams, Davis Cup [19]
Stephen Amritraj  United States 2003–2008 [20]
Shikha Uberoi  United States 2005–2011 Asian Games, Fed Cup [21]
Sunitha Rao  United States 2007–2009 Summer Olympics, Fed Cup [22]
Kanika Vaidya  Singapore
 United States 		2008–2018 [23][24]
Krisha Mahendran  United States 2022– [25][26]
Aishi Bisht  United States 2022– [27][28]
Vihaan Reddy  United States 2023–2024 [29][30]

Figure skating

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Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Ami Parekh  United States 2006–2014 Worlds, Four Continents [31]
Amar Mehta  United States 2007 World Juniors [32]
Yoniko Eva Washington  United States 2008–2010 Worlds [33]
Anavi Tekriwal  United States 2013 [34]
Shreya Saha Dalal  United States 2015 [35]
Arunima Verabelli  United States 2017 [36]
Tara Prasad  United States 2020– Four Continents [37]

Squash

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Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Karm Kumar  United Kingdom 2006 Asian Junior Championships [4]

Swimming

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Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Ankur Poseria  United States 2006–2008 Summer Olympics, World Championships, Asian Games [38]

Shooting

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Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Sohrab Singh Gill  United States 2007 Asian Championships [39]

Chess

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Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Akshat Chandra  United States 2009–2012 [40][41]
Tarun Kanyamarala  Ireland 2014–2017 [42][43]
Trisha Kanyamarala  Ireland 2014–2017 [44][43]
Amaya Agarwal  England 2022–2023 [45][46]
Anay Agarwal  England 2022–2023 [47][46]

Badminton

[edit]
Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Srivedya Gurazada  United States 2019–2022 [48][49]

Skiing

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Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Leona Dogra   Switzerland 2019 [50][51]

Other sports

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Mixed martial arts (Pro MMA)

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Sportsperson Nationality Years Notable events Ref
Arjan Bhullar  Canada 2017– UFC, ONE FC [52][53]
Gurdarshan Mangat  Canada 2019– ONE FC [54]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Rugby stars flying the flag". Asian Image. 27 May 2006. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  2. ^ "India look to foreign legion to inspire their first victory". South China Morning Post. 27 October 2004. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  3. ^ "Experienced players to spearhead Indian rugby attack". oneindia.com. 2 June 2006. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  4. ^ a b "A fight for the right to play for India". Hindustan Times. 23 December 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  5. ^ "Karm Kumar vs Union Of India & Ors on 3 August, 2010". Indian Kanoon. 3 August 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  6. ^ "Government slams door on Overseas Indian, OCI players". The Times of India. 26 December 2008. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  7. ^ "Government slams door on Overseas Indian, OCI players". India Today. 26 December 2008.
  8. ^ "Confusion reigns over Overseas Indian sportspersons". Hindustan Times. 2 June 2009.
  9. ^ "Passport_Manual_16_Chapters_to_be_disclosed" (PDF). Passport_Manual_16_Chapters_to_be_disclosed. 27 November 2023.
  10. ^ "Legality of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) In India". Global Sports Policy Review. 22 June 2022.
  11. ^ "Lall Singh". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Robin Singh". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  13. ^ Basu, Jaydeep (13 August 2022). "Indian Football: Balai Dey, the Mohun Bagan legend who played for both India and Pakistan". scroll.in. Scroll. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  14. ^ NDTV, Indo-Asian News Service (29 January 2013). "Arata Izumi becomes first foreign national to be selected for Indian football team". sports.ndtv.com. NDTV Sport. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
  15. ^ Tiwari, Pragya (2 October 2017). "Hoping for some Sunny time in goal". deccanherald.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  16. ^ Mergulhao, Marcus (4 October 2021). "Trevor Fernandes: The hockey star from Zanzibar who won many Indian hearts". The Times of India. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Internationals". moseleyrugby.co.uk. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  18. ^ "Indian boxer passes away". The Telegraph. 10 February 2005. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  19. ^ "Prakash Amritraj". ATP. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  20. ^ "Stephen Amritraj". ATP. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  21. ^ "Shikha Uberoi". WTA. Archived from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Sunitha Rao". WTA. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  23. ^ "Interview with Kanika Vaidya". Indian Tennis Daily. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  24. ^ "Kanika Vaidya". ITF. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  25. ^ "Krisha Mahendran". ITF. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  26. ^ "ITF World Tennis Tour Juniors USA National Rank" (PDF). USTA. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  27. ^ "Aishi Bisht". ITF. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  28. ^ "USA Top 200 - GIRLS" (PDF). USTA. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  29. ^ "Vihaan Reddy". wimbledon.com. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  30. ^ "Vihaan Reddy". ITF. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  31. ^ "Ami Parekh". ISU. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  32. ^ "Amar Mehta". ISU. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  33. ^ "Yoniko Eva Washington". ISU. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  34. ^ "Anavi Tekriwal". ISU. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  35. ^ "Shreya Saha Dalal". ISU. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  36. ^ "Arunima Verabelli". ISU. Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  37. ^ "Tara Prasad". ISU. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  38. ^ "Swimmer Poseria requests govt to reconsider Overseas Indian policy". The Times of India. 30 December 2008.
  39. ^ "Sorab Singh Gill". ISSF. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  40. ^ "Chandra, Akshat". ratings.fide.com. FIDE. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  41. ^ "FE SERVER24CHESS". ratings.fide.com. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  42. ^ "Kanyamarala, Tarun". ratings.fide.com. FIDE. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  43. ^ a b "HYDERABAD OPEN ALL INDIA FIDE RATING". ratings.fide.com. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  44. ^ "Kanyamarala, Trisha". ratings.fide.com. FIDE. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  45. ^ "Agarwal, Amaya". ratings.fide.com. FIDE. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  46. ^ a b "6TH CREWE CHESS CONGRESS - FIDE OPEN". ratings.fide.com. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  47. ^ "Agarwal, Anay". ratings.fide.com. FIDE. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  48. ^ "Srivedya Gurazada". BWF. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  49. ^ "From Boston to Hyderabad to back in the US: Srivedya leaves India in quest for Olympics". Hindustan Times. 2023-01-20. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  50. ^ "Leona Dogra". FIS-Ski. International Ski Federation. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  51. ^ "FIS - SLOPESTYLE". sess.lobadi.de. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  52. ^ "Arjan Singh Bhullar". UFC. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  53. ^ "Arjan Singh Bhullar". ONE FC. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  54. ^ "Gurdarshan Mangat". ONE FC. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
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