Pandeli Cale

Pandeli Cale
Pandeli Cale
Born	March 28, 1879; Korçë, Vilayet of Monastir, Ottoman Empire
Died	5 August 1923 (aged 44); Thessaloniki, Kingdom of Greece
Known for	Albanian Declaration of Independence; Provisional Government of Albania; Paris Peace Conference, 1919; Kapshtica Protocol
Signature

Pandeli Cale (1879–1923)^[a] was one of the signatories of the Albanian Declaration of Independence,^[1] who subsequently served as Minister of Agriculture in the Provisional Government of Albania.^[2]

Biography

Pandeli Cale was born in Korçë on 28 March 1879. He finished the French Classic Lyceum in Alexandria, Egypt. During 1900-1904 he worked in the Bucharest Albanian colony, returning in Albania in 1904. Sent by the Albanian diaspora in Romania to be their representative in southern Albania, Cale aimed to influence Orthodox Christians to join an uprising if Muslims and their beys would rise against the empire.^[3] Cale was also insistent on forming guerrilla bands and suggested that care should be taken when choosing teher leaders from among Albanian patriots.^[3] He was one of the co-founders of the Secret Albanian Committee in Thessaloniki, together with Themistokli Gërmenji, and Midhat Frashëri. He was president of the society "Freedom's Band" (Albanian: Banda e Lirisë) in 1908. In February 1909, he was elected secretary of the society "Lidhja orthodhokse" (English: Orthodox League). He was quite active during the Albanian uprisings of 1910 – 1912, participating in one local guerrilla. He was participant of the November 5, 1912 meeting, and voluntarily accompanying Ismail Qemali in his way to Albania.^[4]^[5]
On November 28, 1912, as a delegate of Korça region, he signed the Albanian declaration of independence as "Pandeli Cale". He was elected Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce in Ismail Qemali's cabinet.^[4] He led the negotiations with Count Leopold Berchtold, foreign minister of Austria-Hungary, and the British and Italian ambassadors which led to those countries' support for Albanian autonomy.^[6]

The first years of World War I would find him in Switzerland, Ukraine, Bulgaria, and France. In 1919, he returned to Albania. He is mentioned as part of the Albanian in the League of Nations Committee of the Peace Conference in 1919, together with Fan Noli, Hil Mosi, Gjergj Adhamidhi (Frashëri), lobbying for the Albanian membership application, so much contested by Greece and Yugoslavia.^[7] Pandeli was the designer and signer of the Kapshtica Protocol. The same year he got elected Mayer of Korçë, and later in February 1921 member of the first Albanian parliament.
Died due to serious health implications in an hospital in Thessaloniki, Greece.^[4]

Notes

a.	^ According to Elsie, the birth year is 1874.^[4] All other sources cite 1879.

References

^ Entstehung und Ausbau der Königsdiktatur in Albanien (1912-1939): Regierungsbildungen, Herrschaftsweise und Machteliten in einem jungen Balkanstaat, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1987. p.24, ISBN 3-486-54321-0
^ Schmidt-Neke, Michael (1987). Entstehung und Ausbau der Königsdiktatur in Albanien (1912-1939): Regierungsbildungen, Herrschaftsweise und Machteliten in einem jungen Balkanstaat. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-486-54321-6.
^ ^a ^b Skendi 1967, p. 429.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Robert Elsie (December 24, 2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. I. B. Tauris. p. 70. ISBN 978-1780764313. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
^ Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian national awakening. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 459. ISBN 9781400847761.
^ Castellan, Georges (2002). Histoire de l'Albanie et des albanais. Editions Aermeline. p. 54. ISBN 978-2-910878-20-7.
^ Aubrey Herbert (June 15, 2011). Albania's Greatest Friend: Aubrey Herbert and the Making of Modern Albania: Diaries and Papers 1904-1923. I. B. Tauris. p. 324. ISBN 978-1848854444. Retrieved June 10, 2013.

Sources

"History of Albanian People" Albanian Academy of Science.ISBN 9992716231

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[1] Entstehung und Ausbau der Königsdiktatur in Albanien (1912-1939): Regierungsbildungen, Herrschaftsweise und Machteliten in einem jungen Balkanstaat, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1987. p.24, ISBN 3-486-54321-0

[2] Schmidt-Neke, Michael (1987). Entstehung und Ausbau der Königsdiktatur in Albanien (1912-1939): Regierungsbildungen, Herrschaftsweise und Machteliten in einem jungen Balkanstaat. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-486-54321-6.

[Skendi429-3] Skendi 1967, p. 429.

[Elsie-4] Robert Elsie (December 24, 2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. I. B. Tauris. p. 70. ISBN 978-1780764313. Retrieved June 10, 2013.

[Skendi459-5] Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian national awakening. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 459. ISBN 9781400847761.

[6] Castellan, Georges (2002). Histoire de l'Albanie et des albanais. Editions Aermeline. p. 54. ISBN 978-2-910878-20-7.

[Herbert-7] Aubrey Herbert (June 15, 2011). Albania's Greatest Friend: Aubrey Herbert and the Making of Modern Albania: Diaries and Papers 1904-1923. I. B. Tauris. p. 324. ISBN 978-1848854444. Retrieved June 10, 2013.

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v t e Albania during the early Independence period (1912–14)
Index - Outline
Head of the State	Ismail Kemal
Assembly of Vlorë	Kosovo: Rexhep Mitrovica, Bedri Pejani, Salih Gjuka, Mid'hat Frashëri, Mehmet Pashë Deralla, Isa Boletini, Riza Bey Gjakova, Ajdin Draga, Qerim Begolli; Monastir: Zyhdi Ohri, Myrteza Ali Struga, Nuri Sojliu, Hamdi Ohri, Mustafa Baruti, Dervish Hima, Vehbi Dibra, Sherif Langu, Hajdar Blloshmi Shkodër: Abaz Çelkupa, Mustafa Hanxhiu, Jahja Ballhysa, Nikoll Kaçorri, Lef Nosi, Shefqet Dajiu, Qemal Karaosmani, Dervish Biçaku, Luigj Gurakuqi, Pandeli Cale, Thanas Floqi, Spiridon Ilo, Mustafa Merlika-Kruja, Qemal Mullaj, Ferid Vokopola, Nebi Sefa, Ahmet bej Zogolli, Riza Zogolli, Kurt Agë Kadiu, Abdi Toptani, Murad Toptani, Mahmud Efendi Kaziu, Xhemal Deliallisi, Ymer Deliallisi, Ibrahim Efendiu, Xhelal Koprëncka; Hajredin Cakrani, Fehim Mezhgorani; Janina: Elmas Boçe, Veli Harçi, Mufid Libohova, Petro Poga, Jani Papadhopulli, Ismail Qemali Gramshi, Kristo Meksi, Aristidh Ruçi, Veli Gërra, Jakup Veseli, Rexhep Demi, Azis Tahir Ajdonati, Sami Vrioni, Ilias Vrioni, Dhimitër Tutulani, Babë Dud Karbunara, Avni Bey Delvina, Ismail Kemal, Zihni Abaz Kanina, Zyhdi Vlora, Qazim Kokoshi, Jani Minga, Eqrem Vlora, Veli Këlcyra, Syreja Vlora; Albanian community of Bucharest: Dhimitër Zografi, Dhimitër Mborja, Dhimitër Beratti, Dhimitër Ilo
Government	Ismail Kemal Dom Nikoll Kaçorri Mufid Libohova General Mehmet Pashë Deralla Abdi Toptani Petro Poga Luigj Gurakuqi Mid'hat Frashëri Pandeli Cale Lef Nosi
Elderly Assembly	Kosovo: Salih Gjuka, Bedri Pejani, Ajdin Draga, Monastir: Vehbi Dibra Shkoder: Hajredin Cakrani, Shefqet Dajiu, Dervish Biçaku, Xhelal Koprëncka, Mustafa Merlika-Kruja, Murad Toptani, Janina: Babë Dud Karbunara, Veli Këlcyra, Kristo Meksi, Eqrem Vlora, Ilias Vrioni, Sami Vrioni, Albanian colony of Bucharest: Dhimitër Zografi, Dhimitër Beratti
History	Albanian Vilayet All-Albanian Congress Albanian Declaration of Independence Albanian Congress of Trieste Treaty of London (1913) 100th Anniversary of the Independence of Albania
Category - WikiProject