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![1571 Portuguese nautical chart](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Fern%C3%A3o_Vaz_Dourado_1571-1.jpg/500px-Fern%C3%A3o_Vaz_Dourado_1571-1.jpg)
A pre-Mercator nautical chart of 1571, from Portuguese cartographer Fernão Vaz Dourado (c. 1520 – c.1580). It belongs to the so-called plane chart model, where observed latitudes and magnetic directions are plotted directly into the plane, with a constant scale, as if the Earth were a flat plane.