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2006

April 14, 2006

A USB flash drive is essentially NAND-type flash memory integrated with a USB 1.1 or 2.0 interface used as a small, lightweight, removable data storage device of up to 64 GB (as of 2006). USB flash drives use the USB mass storage standard for removable storage devices. To use such a device, your operating system must have driver support for both USB mass storage plus the file system used on the flash drive. All versions of Mac OS X support USB Mass Storage devices natively. Microsoft Windows XP, 2000 and ME shipped with native support for USB Mass Storage devices, but any previous Windows version requires a driver that is usually available from the manufacturer. All versions of Linux which support USB and SCSI storage support USB flash drives, although some desktop environments assume that the drive is partitioned (not a safe assumption). Some recent USB flash drives act as two drives - as a removable disk device (the actual drive itself), and as a USB floppy drive (again, as the actual drive itself, but as another drive in Windows). Normally, the drivers for the removable disk device would be located on the floppy drive (one portion of the removable disk device), for operating systems that cannot find the driver for the drive natively. (Read more...)

March 24, 2006

A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the component in a digital computer that interprets instructions and processes data contained in software. CPUs provide the fundamental digital computer trait of programmability, and are one of the core components found in almost all modern microcomputers, along with primary storage and input/output facilities. A CPU that is manufactured using integrated circuits, often just one, is known as a microprocessor. Since the mid-1970s, single-chip microprocessors have almost totally replaced all other types of CPUs, and today the term "CPU" almost always applies to some type of microprocessor.

The phrase "central processing unit" is, in general terms, a description of a certain class of logic machines that can execute complex computer programs. This broad definition can easily be applied to many early computers that existed long before the term "CPU" ever came into widespread usage. However, the term itself and its acronym have been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s (Weik 1961). The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation has remained much the same.

January 17, 2006

Goldstone antenna.

The Deep Space Network is an international network of radio antennas that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions, and radio and radar astronomy observations for the exploration of the Solar System and the universe. The network also supports selected Earth-orbiting missions. DSN is part of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Deep Space Network currently consists of three deep-space communications facilities placed approximately 120 degrees apart around the world at Goldstone, California, Robledo de Chavela, Spain, and Canberra, Australia. Each facility is situated in semi-mountainous, bowl-shaped terrain to shield against radio frequency interference. This strategic placement permits constant observation of spacecraft as the Earth rotates, and helps to make the DSN the largest and most sensitive scientific telecommunications system in the world. Most recently the Deep Space Network is going to be used to send to and receive signals from the Pluto probe New Horizons.

January 2, 2006

Apollo 4 prior to launch.

The Saturn V (popularly known as the Moon Rocket) was a multistage liquid-fuel expendable rocket most well-known for its use in NASA's Apollo program. It was the largest production model of the Saturn family of rockets, although NASA contemplated larger models (such as the Nova rocket). The rocket was designed under the direction of Wernher von Braun at the Marshall Space Flight Center, with the lead contractors being The Boeing Company, North American Aviation, Douglas Aircraft Company, and IBM. Saturn V rockets were launched between 1967 and 1973. The Saturn V rocket was also used to launch Skylab. To this day the Saturn V remains the largest rocket ever launched.

2005

November 11, 2005

An industrial robot was officially defined by ISO (Standard 8373:1994, Manipulating Industrial Robots – Vocabulary) as an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes. The field of industrial robotics may be more practically defined as the study, design and use of robot systems for manufacturing (a top-level definition relying on the prior definition of robot). Typical applications of industrial robots include welding, painting, ironing, assembly, pick and place, palletizing, product inspection, and testing, all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision. Manufacturers of industrial robots include: Intelligent Actuator, Adept, Epson Robots, Yaskawa-Motoman, ABB, Epson-Seiko, IGM Robotersysteme, Comau, Cloos GmbH, KUKA Robotics, Kawasaki and FANUC Robotics.

June 19, 2005

(De)soldering a contact from a wire.

Soldering is a process of joining metal parts using a filler metal of low melting point (solder). Heat is applied to the metal parts, and the soft filler metal is pressed against the joint, melts, and is drawn into the joint by capillary action with the help of the appropriate flux material (which helps reduce oxidation of the metal parts and increases the strength of the bond). After the metal cools, the resulting joints are not as strong as the base metal, but have adequate strength, electrical conductivity, and water-tightness for many uses. Soldering is an ancient technique that has been used practically as long as humans have been making articles out of metal.