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Ports of Entry of China

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The Ports of Entry of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国的口岸)[a] , according to the definition of "Several Provisions of the State Council on Port Opening", refer to the seaports, river ports, airports, railway stations, border crossings (边境通道), and all other entrypoints through which people, goods, and means of transportation may legally enter and exit the country.[1] Ports of Entry are legal entities and state institutions, and the opening or closing of ports of entry must be announced and implemented after approval by the State Council or by the provincial people's government. "Ports of Entry" are distinct entities to the associated transportation facility (so, the "Tianjin Water Transport Port of Entry" (天津水运口岸) is distinct to "Tianjin Port" [天津港]).

Ports of Entry (PoE) are mainly composed of physical markers and facilities indicating the boundary and signaling national sovereignty, custom agents, and other relevant inspection departments of the State (migration, quarantine, etc.). They are generally located at transport stations (交通港站) entering and exiting the country, and form an institutional and economic complex with the local relevant departments and industry units.[2]: 1 

Types of Ports of Entry[edit]

According to the "Regulations of the State Council on Port of Entry Openings", China's ports of entry are divided into Class I ports of entry and Class II ports of entry.[1] In the "China Port of Entry Yearbook", all inbound and outbound freight, people, or vehicle inspection stations are separately listed as either port type.

Class I Ports of Entry (一类口岸)[edit]

Class I entry ports, often referred to as national-level Ports of Entry, are opened by the relevant national authorities in consultation with the provincial government where the port is located and with the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and need the approval of the State Council.[3]: 385 There are three types of Class I ports:[1]

  1. Sea, land, air, and passenger/cargo ports of entry that are open to foreign vessels, aircraft, vehicles, and other means of transportation. Most Category 1 ports belong to this category.
  2. Sea, land, air, passenger, and cargo ports of entry that only allow Chinese-flagged ships, aircraft, and vehicles to enter or leave the country (e.g. Luoyang Air Transportation Port of Entry in Henan Province and Zhongshan Water Transportation Port in Guangdong Province, which only allow Chinese aircraft and ships to enter or leave the country.[4]: 834–835  As of 2016, there are no Category 1 land Ports of Entry).
  3. Sea delivery points in China's territorial waters where foreign vessels are allowed to enter and exit (e.g., the Bohai Oil Water Transport Port of Entry in Tianjin, which is the offshore oil delivery point for CNOOC Bohai Corporation).[4]: 67 

The "13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Ports of Entry" specifies that certain passenger and cargo volume indicators three years after the opening of a Port of Entry will be used to determine the suitability of its status, and this status may be withdrawn.[5]

PoE annual passenger and cargo targets
Units Sea Inland River Border River Railway Road 沿海航空 其他航空
Cargo 1000 t 1000 200 50 100 50 30 30
Passengers 1000 - - 10 100 50 100 50

Class II Ports (二类口岸)[edit]

Class II ports, also known as local-level ports, are approved by the local government where the port is located with the consent of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and after consulting with the local border inspection and examination units, they are reported to the provincial government for approval. Their construction is financed locally.[3]: 386  Class II ports are further subdivided into three types:[1]

  1. Loading and unloading points, points of departure, and transshipment points for foreign trade transportation by national vessels that rely on other ports of entry for border inspection and examination procedures.
  2. Ports for small-scale border trade and people-to-people exchanges agreed with the local governments of neighboring countries.
  3. Entry-exit points that are restricted to border residents only.

In the period of reform and opening, the various provincial governments of China approved the establishment of 331 Type II ports. On August 28, 1998: 46, the State Council issued the "Circular on Cleaning up and Rectifying Class II Ports" (State Circular [1998] No. 74),[6]: 46  which intended to clean-up and rectify this proliferation of Type II Ports of Entry. The circular suspended the approval of class II ports, and proceeded to review the existing ones for their suitability as Ports of Entry. A total of 177 class II ports were closed, 57 class II ports were upgraded to class I ports, and 97 class II ports were merged with neighboring class I ports.[7] This consolidation process is still ongoing.

Government Bodies[edit]

The basic structure of a Port of Entry includes 1) an integrated management system, 2) a supervision and inspection system, 3) an external transportation and external trade system; and 4) a service system. Generally, the number of units and departments working at a port of entry can reach about 40.[8]: 11 

First, because of the different bureaucratic affiliations of the units at the port, it is necessary to have an integrated management organization to coordinate the relationship between the systems, which is usually a "port management committee" (口岸管理委员会或) or a "port office" (口岸办公室) set up by the local government.[3]: 387 

Second, the supervision and inspection system entails the management, supervision, and inspection of people, baggage, cargo, and means of transportation entering and leaving the country, and includes three subsystems: inspection (检查), testing (检验), and quarantine (检疫). As of 2024, the relevant agencies include the National Immigration Administration's China Immigration Inspection for migration inspection; the General Administration of Customs is responsible for customs, excise, and duties; for contraband and prohibited goods interdiction; and for health, animal, and plant quarantine.[b] The China Maritime Safety Administration is responsible for ship inspection and ship health certification, China Civil Aviation Authority for airplane inspection, the State Administration for Market Regulation for commodity inspection, quality testing, and food testing; the Ministry of Agriculture for the fishing vessels registry (中华人民共和国渔业船舶检验局),[9] and many other state organizations each with their own remits.[3]: 387 

Third, the external transportation system includes the actual transport institutions such as the management companies of the seaports, airports, railway stations, and other terminals and hubs; the shipping companies, airlines, transportation companies, logistics companies, and other enterprises involved in the transport of goods and people.

Finally, the service system includes banking, insurance, shipping agencies, supply, warehousing, seafarers' clubs, etc.[8]: 11 。

The China Association of Ports-of-Entry (中国口岸协会 CAOP)[10] is a national comprehensive association with independent legal personality, approved by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and supervised by the General Administration of Customs (GAC).The leading members of the Association are composed of relevant personnel from the GAC, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Transport, China Railway, Civil Aviation Administration of China, plus other central departments and important local port of entry authorities. It serves as an organization for the exchange of port of entry information, business training, international cooperation, and the provision of consulting services, and also edits the China Port of Entry Yearbook.[11]

History[edit]

The Ming and Qing dynasties, guided by the idea of "naval defense over commerce", had a long history of closed-door policies, closing ports, removing population from coastal areas, and forcing foreign traders into specific, limited ports (the Canton factories). This changed abruptly after the Opium War in 1840, when China was forced to open five ports of entry to foreign commerce: (Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai).[2]: 2  As Western powers forced the opening of China in a succession of wars and unequal treaties, the number of treaty ports opened to the outside world increased to 35 by 1895.[12]: 68  The idea of "commercial war", counterattacking the West commercial dominance, was put forward by thinkers such as Zheng Guanying in the 1870s, and began to be practiced in 1898, with the emergence of "self-opened commercial ports"[13]: 88  The earliest self-opened commercial port in China was the port of Sanduao in Ningde, Fujian, followed by Qinhuangdao and Yuezhou.[14]: 158  By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 36 self-opened merchant ports spread throughout China, increasing to 52 in 1924, a number almost equal to the number of treaty ports:[13]: 88 

The vagaries and hardships of the twentieth century meant that the number of open ports in China varied wildly as circumstances and governments changed. By 1978, there were only 51 ports of entry open to the outside world, including 18 water ports (17 on the coast and one on an inland waterway), eight air ports (seven international airports and one special airport), nine railroad ports, and 16 highway ports.[3]: 388  Due to political reasons, most land ports were opened with socialist countries, and foreign trade was mainly in the form of barter and aid.[8]: 12  In 1978, the volume of foreign trade goods entering and leaving the country through the Class I ports was 70.33 million tons, and the total value of import and export trade through the various types of ports was 20.64 billion US dollars, with 5,658,000 passengers entering and exiting the country, and a total of 325,000 ships, planes, trains, and cars).[15]: 12 

After the start of the reform and opening, and especially after Deng Xiaoping's southern tour, the Chinese government started opening a new wave of ports; between 1978 and 1993, 150 new national ports were opened, 50 new ports were opened in 1992 and 1993 alone. By 1993, there were 201 Class I ports in China, including 117 water transport ports (65 coastal and 52 inland waterway ports), 46 air transport ports, 12 railroad ports and 35 highway ports, and all the province-level entities in China, except for landlocked Qinghai and Ningxia, had open ports. In 1993, the volume of foreign trade cargo in and out of the Class I ports amounted to 305 million tons, and the total amount of import and export trade through all kinds of ports was 195.72 billion U.S. dollars, 95.68 million passengers entering and leaving the country, and 8.989 million ships, planes, trains, and cars.[15]: 12 

In 2006, the State Council approved the opening of Xining Caojiapu Airport in Qinghai province to international flights, which opened a port of entry into the last of the 31 provincial-level entities in China. The whole of China was now for the first time literally open to the world. By 2016, China had a total of 305 national-level ports of entry officially open to the public, including 137 water transport ports (82 coastal and 55 in inland waterways), 73 air transport ports, 20 railroad ports, and 75 highway ports. In 2016,[c] the total value of imported and exported cargo at ports nationwide was US$3,685,557 million.[4]: 770  The Covid-19 pandemic closed or restricted most of those ports, but on 8 January 2023, all mainland China ports that had been closed due to the pandemic were opened again.[16][17][18]

List of National Level Ports of Entry (国家级口岸列表)[edit]

Land Route Ports of Entry (陆路口岸)[edit]

Highway Ports of Entry (HPE) (公路口岸)[edit]

As of 2016, the People's Republic of China had a total of 75 Class I highway PoEs, including 9 international ports of entry open to Hong Kong and Macao, and 64 international or bilateral ports[d] to land-adjacent countries, in addition to 1 temporarily open PoE.

In 2016 statistics, the road port with the highest volume of import and export freight was Xinjiang's Khorgos Port of Entry, with an annual cargo volume of 25,575,568 tons, followed by Inner Mongolia's Ganq Mod Port of Entry with a cargo volume of 15,535,196 tons, and Guangdong's Huanggang Port, with a volume of 13,522,881 tons. The port with the largest number of passenger arrivals and departures was Gongbei Port in Guangdong, with 123,576,659 arrivals and departures per year, followed by Luohu Crossing in Guangdong with 81,231,123 arrivals and departures, and Shenzhen Bay Port also in Guangdong with 42,831,754 arrivals and departures; the port with the largest number of departures and arrivals among the ports not connected with Hong Kong and Macao was Ruili Port in Yunnan with 15,756,480 arrivals and departures, which was the fifth largest land port of entry overall in terms of number of arrivals and departures. The port with the largest number of inbound and outbound vehicles was Huanggang Port, with 8,452,162 vehicles, followed by Shenzhen Bay Port with 4,388,461 vehicles and Ruili Port with 3,975,104 vehicles.[4]: 37 

Province Port of Entry name Corresponding Port of Entry Opening Year Inspection code Border Inspection Station Customs
Inner Mongolia Manzhouli HPE Russia Zabaykalsk 1989[19] Manzhouli Inner Mongolia BIS Manzhouli Customs
Heishantou HPE* Russia Starotsurukhaitui 1989[20] Ergun
Shiwei HPE* Russia Olochi 1989[19] Shiwei
Ar Haxat HPE* Mongolia Choibalsan 1992[21] Arihashate
Ebuduge HPE* Mongolia Bayankhoshuu 2009[22] Ebuduge
Arxan HPE Mongolia Sumber 2012[23] A'ershan
Erenhot HPE Mongolia Zamyn-Üüd 1990[4]: 106  Erlian Hohhot Customs
Ganq Mod HPE* Mongolia Gashuun Sukhait 1992[24] Ganqimaodu
Ceke HPE* Mongolia Shivee Khuren 2005[25] Ceke
Zhu'engadabuqi HPE Mongolia Bichigt Zuun 1992[26] Zhu'engadabuqi
Mandula HPE* Mongolia Khangi 2009[27] Baotou
Uliji HPE*[e] Mongolia Tsagaandel Uul 2016[28] Wuliji
Liaoning Dandong HPE North Korea Sinuiju 1955[4]: 140  Dandong Liaoning BIS Dalian Customs
Jilin Tumen HPE North Korea Namyang 1941[29] Tumen Jilin BIS Changchun Customs
Nanping HPE* North Korea Musan 1951[29] Nanping
Hunchun HPE Russia Kraskino 1988[29] Hunchun
Quanhe HPE North Korea Rason 1998[29] Quanhe
Changbai HPE North Korea Hyesan 1950[4]: 154  Changbai
Linjiang HPE* North Korea Junggang 1950[29] Linjiang
Sanhe HPE* North Korea Hoiryŏng 1941[29] Sanhe
Kaishantun HPE* North Korea Onsŏng 1933[29] Kaishantun
Guchengli HPE North Korea Taehongdan 1953[4]: 154  Guchengli
Shatuozi HPE* North Korea Kyŏngwŏn 1985[4]: 154  Shatuozi
Ji'an HPE North Korea Manpho 2014[4]: 164  Ji'an
Shuangmufeng HPE* North Korea Samjiyŏn 2019[4]: 166 
Heilongjiang Dongning HPE Russia Poltavka 1989[30] Dongning Heilongjiang BIS Harbin Customs
Suifenhe HPE Russia Pogranichny 2000[4]: 179  Suifenhe
Mishan HPE Russia Turiy Rog 1989[31] Mishan
Hulin HPE Russia Markovo 1989[4]: 172  Hulin
Heixiazidao HPE[e] Russia Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island 2019
Heihe HPE Russia Blagoveshchensk 2020
Heihe（Pedestrian）HPE[e] Russia Blagoveshchensk 2020
Guangdong Luohu HPE Hong Kong Lo Wu Control Point 1887[4]: 457  Luohu Shenzhen BIS Shenzhen Customs
Huanggang HPE Hong Kong Lok Ma Chau Control Point 1988[4]: 457  Huanggang (副廳)
Wenjindu HPE Hong Kong Man Kam To Control Point 1979[4]: 458  Wenjindu
Shatoujiao HPE Hong Kong Sha Tau Kok Control Point 1984[4]: 458  Shatoujiao
Shenzhen Bay HPE Hong Kong Shenzhen Bay Control Point 2006[4]: 458  Shenzhenwan
Futian HPE Hong Kong Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Immigration Control Point 2007[32] Huanggang (副廳)
Liantang HPE Hong Kong Heung Yuen Wai Control Point 2019[33] Liangtang
Gongbei HPE Macau Posto Fronteiriço das Portas do Cerco 1887[4]: 459  Gongbei Zhuhai BIS 拱北Customs
Hengqin HPE MacauPosto Fronteiriço Hengqin 1999 Hengqin
Zhuhai-Macau Transborder Industrial Park* Macau Posto Fronteiriço do Parque Industrial Transfronteiriço 2006[4]: 460  Maoshengwei
Gangzhu'ao Bridge HPE Hong Kong Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point 2017[34] Gangzhu'ao Daqiao
Macau Posto Fronteiriço Da Ponte Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau
Qingmao (Pedestrian) HPE Macau Posto Fronteiriço Qingmao 2017[34] Qingmao
Guangxi Friendship Pass HPE Vietnam Cửa khẩu Quốc tế Hữu Nghị 1992[4]: 522  Youyiguan Guangxi BIS Nanning Customs
Vietnam Tân Thanh
Vietnam Cốc Nam[35]
Dongxing HPE Vietnam Móng Cái 1992[36] Dongxing
Shuikou HPE Vietnam Tà Lùng 1992[4]: 523  Shuikouguan
Longban HPE* Vietnam Trà Lĩnh 2003[4]: 523  Longban
Pingmeng HPE* Vietnam Sóc Giang 2011[37] Pingmeng
Aidian HPE* Vietnam Chi Ma 2015[38] Aidian
Dongzhong HPE* Vietnam Hoành Mô 2017[39] Dongzhong
Shuolong HPE* Vietnam Lý Vạn 2017[40] Shuolong
Yunnan Ruili HPE* Myanmar Muse 1978[41] Ruili Yunnan BIS Kunming Customs
Wanding HPE* Myanmar Pang Hseng 1952[42] Wanding
Tengchong Houqiao HPE* Myanmar Kanpaikti 2000[43] Houqiao
Mengding HPE* Myanmar Chinshwehaw 2004[44] Qingshuihe
Daluo HPE* Myanmar Mong La 2007[45] Daluo
Menglian [f] Myanmar/Wa State Pangkham 2007[46] Bangkang
Hekou HPE Vietnam Lào Cai 2011[47] Hekou
Jinshuihe HPE* Vietnam Ma Lù Thàng 1954[48] Jinshuihe
Tianpeng HPE Vietnam Săm Pun 2018 Tianpeng
Tianbao HPE Vietnam Thanh Thủy 1954[49] Tianbao
Dulong HPE Vietnam Xín Mần 2015[50] Maguan
Mohan HPE Laos Boten 1992[51] Mohan
Mengkang HPE Laos Lantouy 2011[52] Mengkang
Tibet Zhangmu HPE[g] Nepal Kodari 1961[4]: 622  Nielamu Tibet BIS Lhasa Customs
Gyirong HPE[53] Nepal Rasuwa Fort 1961[54] Jilong
Burang HPE[h] Nepal Yari 1961[4]: 622  Pulan
India Gunji 1992[55]
Lektse HPE* Nepal Korala 2023 Lizi
Gansu Mazongshan HPE*[i] Mongolia Norin-Sebestei 1992[56] Mazongshan Gansu BIS Lanzhou Customs
Xinjiang Laoyemiao HPE* Mongolia Bugat 1992[57] Laoyemiao Xinjiang BIS Ürümqi Customs
Ulatay HPE* Mongolia Baitag 1992[57] Wulasitai
Takshin HPE Mongolia Bulgan 1989[58] Takashiken
Kiziltaw HPE* Mongolia Dayan 1992[57] Hongshanzui
Aqimbek HPE*[e] Kazakhstan Terekty 1994[59] Aheitubeike
Jeminay HPE Kazakhstan Maikapchagai 1994[59] Jimunai
Baktu HPE Kazakhstan Bakhty 1994[59] Tacheng
Alashankou HPE Kazakhstan Dostyk 1990[60] Alashankou
Khorgas HPE Kazakhstan Khorgos 1983[61] Huoerguosi
Dulata HPE* Kazakhstan Kolzhat 1994[59] Dulata
Muzart HPE*[e] Kazakhstan Narynkol 1994[59] Muzha'erte
Tuergate HPE Kyrgyzstan Torugart Pass 1983[62] Tu'ergate
Yierkeshitan HPE Kyrgyzstan Erkeshtam 1998[4]: 685  Yi'erkeshitan
Hongqilafu HPE Pakistan Sust 1982[4]: 674  Hongqilafu
Karasu HPE Tajikistan Kulma Pass 2007[63] Kalasu

Notes: Those PoE marked with "*" are bilateral border crossings, which allow the passage of persons, goods and means of transportation of both neighboring countries only. The rest are international border crossings, which allow the passage of persons, goods and means of transportation of third countries as both neighbors; Italics indicate temporarily open ports, the rest are routinely open ports.

The following countries do not have any ports of entry although they border China:

  •  AFG: Xinjiang's Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County shares a border with Afghanistan, but no RPE has been opened between China and Afghanistan due to the need to build a road through the long and narrow Wakhan Corridor. Plans to open the Wakhjir Pass to traffic did emerge regularly throughout the last decades, but never came to fruition. Currently Karachukar Valley, on the Chinese side of the border, is closed to all outsiders, and only local herders cross the border.
  •  BHU: Although Tibet shares a border with Bhutan, no RPE has been opened between China and Bhutan because the two countries do not have diplomatic relations yet.
  •  IND: Only one limited port of entry is opened, Burang. The political tensions between the two countries keep the access through other alternative routes, like those through the (Shipki La, Mana La, Nathu La, and Se La passes), usually limited to only locals.

Railway Ports of Entry (RPE) (铁路口岸)[edit]

As of 2016, the People's Republic of China had a total of 11 Class I border railway ports, and six Class I inland railway ports. These inland railway ports are mostly direct trains to Hong Kong. In addition there are fifteen inland ports that are temporarily open ports, all for the China Railway Express (aka Trans-Eurasia Logistics) trains. Huang Shengqiang, director of the State Ports Office of the GAC, explained that due to the definition given in the law, a port must have "direct entry and exit", so it is not possible to give inland railway stations full PoE status. Instead, in order to achieve the state policy of opening inland railway ports, they were made "temporary ports" with some restrictions. The next step will be amending and improving the legislation on ports of entry to cover inland areas.[64]

In 2016 statistics, the railway port with the highest import and export freight volume was the Manzhouli Railway Port in Inner Mongolia, with an annual volume of 13,957,721 tons, followed by the Erenhot Railway Port in Inner Mongolia, with 9,703,068 tons, and the Suifenhe Railway Port in Heilongjiang, with 8,875,453 tons. The largest number of passengers entering and leaving the country was at Guangzhou Railway Port in Guangdong, with 3,362,499, followed by 390,043 at Dongguan Railway Port in Guangdong and 184,700 at Suifenhe Railway Port in Heilongjiang. The railway port with the largest number of inbound and outbound trains was Manzhouli Railway Port in Inner Mongolia with 8,869 trains, followed by the Erenhot Railway Port with 8,688 trains, Alashankou Railway Port in Xinjiang with 8,379 trains, and Guangzhou Railway Port with 7,985 trains.[4]: 40 

Railway Border Ports of Entry (沿边口岸)[edit]

All international trains passing through these border crossings are subject to border control there.

Province Port of Entry Railway Station Counterpart
Port 		Opening
Date 		Inspection Code Border Inspection Station Customs
Inner Mongolia Manzhouli RPE Manzhouli Station Russia Zabaikal'sk 1989[4]: 106  Manzhouli Inner Mongolia BIS Manzhouli Customs
Erenhot RPE Erlian Station Mongolia Zamiin-Uud 1956[4]: 106  Erlian Hohhot Customs
Ganq ModRPE* Ganq Mod Station Mongolia Gashuun Sukhait 2007[65] Ganqimaodu
Ceke RPE Ceke Station Mongolia Shivee Khuren 2003[66] Ceke
Zhu'engadabuqi RPE Zhu'engadabuqi Station Mongolia Erdenetsagaan 1992[67] Zhu'engadabuqi
Liaoning Dandong RPE Dandong Station North Korea Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn 1954[4]: 132  Dandong Liaoning BIS Dalian Customs
Jilin Ji'an RPE Ji'an Station North Korea Manpo 1954[4]: 154  Ji'an Jilin BIS Changchun Customs
Tumen RPE Tumen Station North Korea Namyang 1954[4]: 154  Tumen
Hunchun RPE Hunchun South Station Russia Kamyshovyy 1998[68] Hunchun
Heilongjiang Suifenhe RPE Suifenhe Station Russia Rassypnaya Pad' Station, Pogranichny 1952[4]: 172  Suifenhe Heilongjiang BIS Harbin Customs
Tongjiang RPE Tonjiang Station Russia Nizhneleninskoye 2019
Guangxi Pingxiang RPE Pingxiang Station Vietnam Đồng Đăng 1992[4]: 523  Pingxiang Guangxi BIS Nanning Customs
Yunnan Hekou RPE Shanyao Station Vietnam Lào Cai 1953[4]: 612  Hekou Yunnan BIS Kunming Customs
Mohan RPE Mohan Station Laos Boten 2021[69] Mohan
Xinjiang Alashankou RPE Alashankou Station Kazakhstan Dostyk 1990[60] Alashankou Xinjiang BIS Ürümqi Customs
Khorgas RPE Khorgas Station Kazakhstan Altynkol 2014[70] Huoergasi
Inland Railway Ports of Entry (内陆口岸)[edit]

For inland railway ports, the immigration and customs clearance of China Railway Express trains from/to Europe is conducted for the moment at the national border (i.e. the border crossing ports of entry in the previous section). Inland railways stations do not have border inspection agencies yet. The exception is that the immigration and customs clearance of passenger trains to and from Hong Kong is conducted at the inland railway stations of either departure or arrival.

Province Port of

Entry

Station Destination Counterpart Station Opening
Date 		Inspection Code Border Inspection Station Customs
Beijing Beijing RPE Beijing West Station  HKG Hong Kong Hung Hom Control Point[j] 2009[4]: 50  Beijing Tielu Beijing BIS Beijing Customs
Jilin Changchun RPE Xinglongshan Station European Union EU － 2016[71] － － Changchun Customs
Heilongjiang Harbin RPE Harbin West Station  RUS － 1996[4]: 179  － － Harbin Customs
Xiangfang Station European Union EU － － －
Shanghai Shanghai RPE Shanghai Station  HKG Hong Kong Hung Hom Control Point[j] 2009[4]: 201  Shanghai Tielu Shanghai BIS Shanghai Customs
Yangpu Station European Union EU － － －
Luchaogang Station European Union EU － － －
Zhejiang Yiwu RPE Yiwu West Station European Union EU － 2015[72] － － Hangzhou Customs
Jiangxi Ganzhou RPE Ganzhou Intl Container Station European Union EU － 2016[73] － － Nanchang Customs
Henan Zhengzhou RPE Putian West Station European Union EU － 1997[4]: 367  － － Zhengzhou Customs
Hubei Wuhan RPE Wuhan Railway Container Center Station European Union EU － 2015 － － Wuhan Customs
Guangdong Guangzhou RPE Guangzhou East Station  HKG Hong Kong Hung Hom Control Point[j] 1979[4]: 455  Tianhe Guangzhou BIS Guangzhou Customs
Dalang Station European Union EU － － －
Dongguan RPE Changping Station  HKG Hong Kong Hung Hom Control Point[j] 1994[4]: 456  Changping Guangzhou BIS Huangpu Customs
Shilong Intl Logistics Center European Union EU － 2015[74] － －
Guangzhou Shenzhen Hong Kong XRL RPE[k] Kowloon West Station  HKG Hong Kong HSR Kowloon West Control Point 2018[75]: 440  Xijiulong Shenzhen BIS Shenzhen Customs
Chongqing Chongqing RPE Tuanjiecun Station European Union EU － 2013[76] － － Chongqing Customs
Sichuan Chengdu RPE Chengxiang Station European Union EU － 2014[77] － － Chengdu Customs
Shaanxi Xi'an RPE Xi'an Guojigang Station European Union EU － 2014[78] － － Xi'an Customs
Gansu Lanzhou RPE Zhongchuan North Station European Union EU － 2016[79] － － Lanzhou Customs
Yingchuanpu Station European Union EU
Xinjiang Urumqi RPE Ürümqi West Station European Union EU － 2016[80] － － Ürümqi Customs

Note: italics mark a temporary port of entry

Water Transport Ports of Entry (水运口岸)[edit]

Seaport Ports of Entry (海港口岸)[edit]

As of 2016, the People's Republic of China had 82 Type I seaports. According to 2016 statistics, the port with the largest import and export cargo volume was Qingdao Water Transport Port in Shandong, with an annual transport volume of 298,370,511 tons, followed by Tangshan Water Transport Port in Hebei with 294,365,760 tons, and Shanghai Water Transport Port with 276,327,246 tons.[l]The port with the largest number of inbound and outbound passengers was the Shanghai Water Transport Port with 4,382,056 passengers, followed by the Guangdong Shekou Water Transport Port with 3,222,543 passengers and the Xiamen Water Transport Port of Entry with 2,251,615 passengers. The port with the largest number of inbound and outbound vessels is Guangdong Shekou Port of Entry with 60,023 vessels, followed by Shanghai Maritime Port with 25,551 vessels and Fujian Xiamen Water Port with 21,677 vessels.[4]: 32 

Province PoE Name Port Name Open Port Areas OpeningDate Inspection Code Border

Inspection Station

Customs
Tianjin Tianjin WPE Port of Tianjin Beijiang PA 1860[4]: 60  Dongjiang Tianjin BIS Tianjin Customs
Nanjiang PA Nanjiang
Dongjiang PA Dongjiang
Dagukou PA Donggang
Haihe PA Tianjin
Dagang PA Dagang
Gaoshaling PA Tanggu
Beitang PA[81] Beitang
Bozhong WPE CNOOC Bohai Co offshore oil delivery point Bozhong 28–1 1988[4]: 60  Tianjin
Bozhong 34-2/4
Bozhong 25-1-1/25-1S[4]: 60 
Hebei Qinhuangdao WPE Port of Qinhuangdao Unconfirmed 1898[4]: 76  Xigang (Qinhuangdao)
Donggang (Qinhuangdao) 		Hebei BIS Shijiazhuang Customs
Tangshan WPE Port of Tangshan Jingtang PA[4]: 84  1992[82] Tangshan
Caofeidian PA[83] Caofeidian
Huanghua WPE Port of Huanghua Unconfirmed 2002[4]: 76  Huanghua
Liaoning Dalian WPE Port of Dalian 大PA[4]: 141  1960[4]: 141  Dalian Liaoning BIS Dalian Customs
Dalianwan PA[4]: 141  Dalianwan
Dayaowan PA[4]: 141  Dalian Dayaowan
Nianyuwang PA[4]: 141 
Dagushan Nan PA[4]: 141  Dalian
Dagushan Xi PA[4]: 141 
Lushun Xingang TPoE Lushun Xingang PA[84] 2006[85] Dalian Xingang substation
Zhuanghe WPE Zhuanghe PA[86] 2007[87] Dalian Zhuanghe
Changxingdao WPE Changxingdao PA[88] 2011[89] Changxingdao 长兴岛
Yingkou WPE Port of Yingkou Yingkou PA[4]: 142  1984[4]: 132  Yingkou
Bayuquan PA[4]: 142  Yingkou Bayuquan
Xianrendao PA[4]: 142 
Panjin WPE Port of Panjin Unconfirmed 2015[90] Panjingang
Dandong WPE Port of Dandong Dadong PA
Langtou PA[4]: 143  		1985[91] Dandonggang
Jinzhou WPE Port of Jinzhou Unconfirmed 1989[92] Jinzhou Shenyang Customs
Huludao WPE Port of Huludao Liutaogou PA
Suizhong PA[4]: 143  		1999[93] Huludao
Shanghai Shanghai WPE Port of Shanghai Luojing PA 1842[4]: 190  Wusong Shanghai BIS Shanghai Customs
Wusong PA
Waigaoqiao PA Waigaoqiao
Yangshan Deepwater PA Yangshan
Chemical Industry PA[4]: 190  Jinshan
Jiangsu Lianyungang WPE Port of Lianyungang Lianyun PA
Ganyu PA
Xuwei PA
Guanhe PA[94] 		1956[4]: 219  Lianyungang Jiangsu BIS Nanjing Customs
Dafeng WPE Port of Yancheng Dafeng PA[95]: 118  2006[4]: 220  Yancheng
Yancheng WPE Binghai PA[96] 2017[97]
Rudong WPE Port of Nantong Yangkou PA[98] 2014[99] Nantong
Qidong WPE Lusi PA[m][98]
Zhejiang Ningbo WPE Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan Yongjiang PA
Zhenhai PA
Beilun PA
Daxie PA
Meishan PA
Chuanshan PA
Shipu PA[4]: 255  		1979[4]: 255  Ningbo Zhejiang BIS Ningbo Customs
Zhoushan WPE Dinghai PA
Cenggang PA
Ma'ao PA
Baiquan PA
Jintang PA
Shenjiamen PA
Liuheng PA
Daishan PA
Qushan PA
Shengsi PA[4]: 255  		1986[100] Zhoushan Hangzhou Customs
Wenzhou WPE Port of Wenzhou Zhuangyuan'ao PA
Oujiang PA[4]: 256  		1957[4]: 256  Wenzhou
Taizhou WPE Port of Taizhou Haimen PA
Damaiyu PA
Jiantiao PA[4]: 256  		1989[4]: 256  Taizhou
Jiaxing WPE Port of Jiaxing Zhapu PA
Dushan PA
Haiyan PA[4]: 257  		1996[4]: 257  Jiaxing
Fujian Fuzhou WPE Port of Fuzhou [101] Minjiangkou PA 1842[4]: 294  Fuzhou Xiamen BIS Fuzhou Customs
Songxia PA[n] Fuzhou Airport
Jiangyin PA[4]: 302  Fuqing
Luoyuanwan PA[102] Fuzhou
Pingtan WPE Pingtan PA[101] 2014[103] Pingtan
Ningde WPE Sandu'ao PA[104]
Sansha PA[105] 		1993[104] Ningde
Putian WPE Port of Putian Xiuyu PA[106]
Dongwu PA[107][108] 		1995[106] Putian
Quanzhou WPE Port of Quanzhou Xiaocuo PA[106]
Douwei PA
Quanzhouwan PA 		1981[4]: 304  Xiaocuo Xiamen Customs
Weitouwan PA Quanzhou
Shenhuwan PA[4]: 304 
Zhangzhou WPE Port of Xiamen[109] Shima PA
Zhaoyin PA
Houshi PA
Dongshan PA
Gulei PA
Yunxiao PA[4]: 303  		1991[110] Zhangzhou
Xiamen WPE Dongdu PA 1842[4]: 294  Dongdu
Haicang PA Haicang
Songyu PA
Liuwudian PA Dongdu
Keyun PA[o][4]: 303 [111] Gaoqi[112]
Shandong Qingdao WPE Port of Qingdao Lao PA 1953[4]: 334  Qingdao Shandong BIS Qingdao Customs
Qianwan PA[4]: 344 
Huangdaoyou PA Yougang（原黄岛）
Dongjiakou WPE Dongjiakou PA 2016[113] Qingdao
Yantai WPE Port of Yantai Zhifuwan PA
Xi PA[p]
Haiyang PA
Muping PA[4]: 345  		1953[4]: 334  Yantai
Longkou WPE Longkou PA 1984[4]: 346  Longkou
Penglai WPE Penglaidong PA
Luanjiakou PA[4]: 349  		1996[4]: 349  Penglai
Laizhou WPE Laizhou PA 1996[4]: 349  Laizhou
Weihai WPE Port of Weihai Weihaiwan PA[4]: 346  1984[4]: 346  Weihai
Shidao WPE Shidao PA 1988[114] Shidao
Longyan WPE Longyanwan PA 1999[4]: 350  Longyangang
Rizhao WPE[q] Port of Rizhao Lanshan PA[115]
Shijiu PA[116] 		1986[116] Rizhao
Dongying WPE Port of Dongying Dongying PA 1995[117] Dongying Jinan Customs
Weifang WPE Port of Weifang Unconfirmed 2007[95]: 90  Weifang
Bingzhou WPE Port of Bingzhou Unconfirmed 2017 Bingzhou
Guangdong Guangzhou WPE Port of Guangzhou Neigang PA 1963[118] Zhoutouzui Guangzhou BIS Guangzhou Customs
Huangpu PA Huangpu Huangpu Customs
Xinsha PA Xinsha
Nansha PA Nansha Guangzhou Customs
Zhujiangkou Anchorage[118][119] ——
Nansha WPE Nansha Passenger Wharf 1992[95]: 462  Nansha
Lianhuashan WPE Lianhuashan Passenger Wharf 1985[120] Lianhuashan
Pazhou WPE Pazhou HK/Macao Wharf 2023[121] Zhoutouzui
Yantian Wharves WPE Port of Shenzhen Yantian PA
Xiadong PA[r]
Guangdong Dapeng LNG Wharf
Shenzhen LNG Wharf 		1990[122] Yantian Shenzhen BIS Shenzhen Customs
Shenzhen Dachanwan WPE Dachanwan PA 2009[123] Dachanwan
Daya Bay Special Wharf WPE Daya Bay Nuclear Plant Wharf 1985[4]: 463  Yantian
Xichong WPE#[s] Xitong Resort 1983[4]: 408  ——
Meisha WPE#[t] Meisha Leisure Area 1984[4]: 463  ——
Shekou Industrial Area WPE CMPH Wharf
Shekou Container Wharf
Taiziwan Cruise Center
Youlian Shipyard Wharf 		1981[4]: 463  Shekou
Chiwan Wharf WPE Chiwan Wharf 1984[4]: 408 
Mawan Wharf WPE Mawan Wharf 1990[4]: 408 
Dongjiaotou WPE[u] Dongjiaotou Wharf 1987[4]: 408 
Fuyong WPE (Shenzhen Airport) Fuyong Wharf 1992[124] Shenzhen Airport
Huizhou WPE Port of Huizhou Quanwan PA
Dongma PA
Bijia PA
Yapojiao PA 		1993[125] Huizhou
Humen WPE Port of Dongguan Machong PA
Shatian PA
Shajiao PA
Chang'an PA[4]: 468  		1997[126] Dongguan Guangzhou BIS Huangpu Customs
Shanwei WPE Port of Shanwei Shanwei PA
Honghaiwan PA[127] 		1988[4]: 408  Shanwei Shenzhen BIS Shantou Customs
Chaozhou WPE Port of Chaozhou Sanbaimen PA
Jinshiwan PA 		1994[128] Chaozhou
Jieyang WPE Port of Jieyang Shenquan PA 2010[129] 惠来
Shantou WPE Port of Shantou Unconfirmed 1860[4]: 408  Shantou
Chaoyang WPE Haimen PA 1996[130] Chaoyang
Nan'ao WPE Nan'ao PA 1993[131] Longhu
Zhuhai WPE Port of Zhuhai Xiangzhou PA
Gaolan PA 		1994[4]: 465  Gaolan Zhuhai BIS Gongbei Customs
Jiuzhou WPE Jiuzhou PA 1981[4]: 465  Jiuzhou
Wanshan WPE Wanshan PA 1995[4]: 465  Wanshan
Wanzai Ferry WPE Wanzai PA 1984[4]: 466  Wanzai
Jiangmen WPE Port of Jiangmen Jiangmen PA
Hk/Macau Passenger Wharf 		1996[132] Jiangmen Jiangmen Customs
Gaoshagang WPE Gaosha PA 1995 Gaosha
Shajinheng WPE Jianghai PA
Shajinheng Industrial Park 		1988 Jianghai
Yinzhouhu WPE Yinzhouhu PA 1999 Yinzhouhu
Guangmei WPE Port of Jiangmen Guanghaiwan PA 1985[133] Taishan
Yangjiang WPE Port of Yangjiang Hailingwan PA 1993[134] Yangjiang
Zhanjiang WPE Port of Zhanjiang Xiashan PA
Diaoshun PA
Xiahai PA
Baoman PA
Donghaidao PA[4]: 472  		1956[135] Zhanjiang Zhanjiang Customs
Maoming WPE Port of Maoming Shuidong PA 1988[136] Maoming
Guangxi Beihai WPE Port of Beibu Gulf Shibuling PA
Tieshangangxi PA
Tieshangangdong PA
Weizhoudao[137] 		1950[4]: 514  Beihai Guangxi BIS Nanning Customs
Shitoubu WPE Tieshangangdong PA 1994[128] 石头埠
Qinzhou WPE Longmen PA
Jingu PA
Dalangping PA 		1994[138] Qinzhou
Fangchenggang WPE Yuman PA
Qishaxi PA
Jiangshan Bandao[139] 		1983[128] Fangcheng
Hainan Haikou WPE Port of Haikou Xiuying PA 1957[140] Xiuying Haikou BIS Haikou Customs
Macun PA Macun
Sanya WPE Port of Sanya Sanya PA
Nanshan PA 		1984[140] Sanya
Qinglan WPE Port of Qinglan Qinglan PA[141] 1996[142] Qinglan
Yangpu WPE Port of Yangpu Yangpu PA
Shentou PA[143] 		1990[140] Yangpu
Basuo WPE Port of Basuo First PA
Second PA 		1988[140] Basuo

Note: Italics mark temporary ports of entry, a “#” sign marks that the WPE only accepts ships with Chinese flags.

River Ports of Entry (河港口岸)[edit]

As of 2016, the People's Republic of China has a total of 44 Class I river ports and 11 Class I boundary river ports on the Songhua, Heilongjiang, Ussuri, Yangtze, Pearl, and Lancang rivers. Boundary river ports between China and Russia utilize ship transportation during the clear water period, and road transportation during the ice closure period.

In 2016 statistics, the river port with the largest volume of import and export freight was Zhangjiagang Water Transport Port in Jiangsu, with an annual volume of 76,256,569 tons, followed by Taicang Waterway Port in Jiangsu with 62,180,070 tons and Nantong Waterway Port with 51,403,683 tons, also in Jiangsu. The river port with the largest number of people entering and leaving the country was Guangdong's Zhongshan Water Transportation Port with 1,339,634 person-times, followed by Heilongjiang's Heihe WPE with 718,521 person-times and Guangdong's Shunde WPE with 632,295 person-times. The port with the largest number of inbound and outbound vehicles was Zhongshan Port with 20,071 trips, followed by Shunde with 10,819 trips, and Heihe with 8,523 trips, in addition to having 31,959 vehicles entering and exiting the country during the ice closure period.[4]: 36 

Province 口岸名称 港口名称 开放PA Year of
Opening 		Inspection Code Border Inspection Station Customs
Jilin Tai'an WPE Port of Tai'an Tai'an PA[95]: 54  1990[144] Tai'an Jilin BIS Changchun Customs
Heilongjiang Harbin WPE Port of Harbin Unconfirmed 1989[4]: 180  Harbin Gangkou Heilongjiang BIS Harbin Customs
Jiamusi WPE Port of Jiamusi Jiamusi PA[95]: 50  1989[4]: 180  Jiamusi
Huachuan WPE Huachuan PA[95]: 50  1994[145] Huachuangang
Fujin WPE Fujin PA[95]: 50  1989[4]: 180  Fujin
Suibin WPE Port of Suibin Suibin PA 1995[4]: 180  Suibin
Jiangsu Nanjing WPE Port of Nanjing Unconfirmed 1986[146] Nanjinggang Jiangsu BIS Nanjing Customs
Nantong WPE Port of Nantong Unconfirmed 1982[147] Nantong
Rugao WPE Rugao PA[98] 2008[148] Rugao
Zhangjiagang WPE Port of Suzhou Zhangjiagang PA[95]: 98  1982[4]: 210  Zhanjiagang
Taicang WPE Taicang PA[95]: 98  1995[4]: 210  Taicang
Changshu WPE Changshu PA[95]: 98  1995[4]: 223  Changshu
Zhenjiang WPE Port of Zhenjiang Unconfirmed 1986[149] Zhenjiang
Jiangyin WPE Port of Jiangyin Unconfirmed 1992[150] Jiangyin
Yangzhou WPE Port of Yangzhou Liuwei PA
Jiangdu PA
Yizheng PA[4]: 224  		1992[151] Yangzhou
Taizhou WPE Port of Taizhou Gaogang PA
Taixing PA[4]: 225  		1992[151] Taizhou
Jingjiang WPE Jingjiang PA[95]: 112  2012[152] Jingjiang
Changzhou WPE Port of Changzhou Unconfirmed 2001[153] Changzhou
Anhui Wuhu WPE Port of Wuhu Unconfirmed 1980[4]: 283  Wuhu Anhui BIS Hefei Customs
Tongling WPE Port of Tongling Unconfirmed 1993[154] Tongling
Anqing WPE Port of Anqing Unconfirmed 1986[4]: 284  Anqing
Ma'anshan WPE Port of Ma'anshan Unconfirmed 1990[155] Ma'anshan
Chizhou WPE Port of Chizhou Unconfirmed 2005[156] Chizhou
Jiangxi Jiujiang WPE Port of Jiujiang Chengqu PA

Chengxi PA[157]

1980[4]: 326  Jiujiang Jiangxi BIS 南昌Customs
Hubei Wuhan WPE Port of Wuhan Yangluo PA
Huashan PA
Jinkou PA
Hannan PA
Huangzhou PA
Sanjiang PA[158] 		1992[159] Hankou Hubei BIS Wuhan Customs
Huangshi WPE Port of Huangshi Qinpanzhou PA[160] 1993[161] Huangshi
Hunan Chenglingji WPE Port of Yueyang Chenglingji PA[95]: 195  1996[162] Yueyang Hunan BIS Changsha Customs
Guangdong Xintang WPE# — Zengcheng Xintanggang PA 1995[118] Xintang Guangzhou BIS Huangpu Customs
Doumen WPE# Port of Zhuhai Doumen PA 1987[163] Doumen Zhuhai BIS 拱北Customs
Zhongshan WPE Port of Zhongshan Zhongshan PA
Shenwan PA
Xiaolan PA
Huangpu PA[4]: 469  		1984[4]: 469  Zhongshan
Nanhai WPE# Port of Foshan Nanhai PA 1985[4]: 408  Nanhai Guangzhou BIS Guangzhou Customs
Rongqi WPE#[v] Shunde PA 1986[164] Shunde
Gaoming WPE# Gaoming PA 1992[165] Gaoming
Zhaoqing WPE# Port of Zhaoqing Unconfirmed 1982[4]: 473  Zhaoqing
Jiangmen WPE# Port of Jiangmen Zhucheng PA 1981[4]: 408  Jiangmen Zhuhai BIS Jiangmen Customs
Xinhui WPE[w] Xinhui PA 1992[4]: 470  Xinhui
Heshan WPE# Heshan PA 1988[166] Heshan
Sanbu WPE#[x] Kaiping PA 1982[4]: 471  Kaiping
Guangxi Wuzhou WPE# Port of Wuzhou Zhongxin PA
Tenxian PA 		1982[4]: 514  Wuzhou Guangxi BIS Nanning Customs
Guigang WPE# Port of Guigang Zhongxin PA 1992[167] Guigang
Liuzhou WPE# Port of Liuzhou Zhongxincheng PA 1988[168] Liuzhou
Chongqing Chongqing WPE# Port of Chongqing Unconfirmed 2010[4]: 562  Unconfirmed Chongqing BIS Chongqing Customs
Sichuan Yibin WPE Port of Yibin Cuibai PA 2018[169] Sichuan BIS Chengdu Customs
Luzhou WPE Port of Luzhou Longjiang PA 2018[170]
Yunnan Jinghong WPE Port of Jinghong Jinghong PA
Guanlei PA
Menghan PA[171] 		1993[172] Jinghonggang Yunnan BIS KunmingCustoms
Simao WPE Port of Simao Simao PA[171] 1993[172] Simaogang

Note: Italics mark a temporary port, "#" marks a restricted port that only allows Chinese-flagged vessels.

Border River Water Transport Ports (界河水运口岸)[edit]
Province PoE Name Port name Open PAs Counterpart Port Opening year Inspection Code Border Inspection Station Customs
Jilin Laohushao WPE Laohushao Power Station — North Korea Wiwon 1949 Laohushao Jilin BIS Changchun Customs
Heilongjiang Fuyuan WPE Port of Jiamushi Fuyuan PA[95]: 50  Russia Khabarovsk 1992[173] Fuyuan Heilongjiang BIS Harbin Customs
Tongjiang WPE Tongjiang PA[95]: 50  Russia Nizhneleninskoye 1986[174] Tongjiang
Luobei WPE Port of Luobei Luobei PA Russia Amurzet 1989[175] Luobei
Jiayin WPE Port of Jiayin Jiayin PA Russia Pashkovo 1989[175] Jiayin
Heihe WPE Port of Heihe Heihe PA Russia Blagoveshchensk 1982[4]: 181  Heihe
Xunke WPE Xunke PA[95]: 50  Russia Poyarkovo 1989[176] Xunke
Sunwu WPE [y][177] Sunwu PA[95]: 50  Russia Konstantinovka 1993[178] Sunwu
Huma WPE[z][177] Port of Huma Huma PA Russia Ushakovo 1993[179] Huma
Mohe WPE[aa][180] Port of Mohe Mohe PA Russia Dzhalinda 1989[175] Mohe
Raohe WPE Port of Raohe Raohe PA Russia Pokrovka 1989[175] Raohe

Air Transport Ports of Entry (空运口岸)[edit]

Air Transportation Ports of Entry  (APE ), also known as Aviation Ports of Entry, are categorized into two types: Class I aviation ports, open to all airlines, and Restricted (限制类) Class I aviation ports, open only to aircraft flying the Chinese flag. According to the "Regulations of the State Council on the Opening of Ports of Entry", issued on 18 September 1985, the opening of an Air Transport Port of Entry must always be subject to State Council approval.[181]

According to the requirements of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), to officially become an "international airport", the airport must meet the requirements of a port of entry, meet the requirements to allow the flight of foreign airplanes, and the acceptance of the joint inspection facilities by the State Port Administration Office.[182] As of January 12, 2024, the People's Republic of China has a total of 83 Class I APE (adding up to 86 actual airports),[183] including 60 official international airports, 16 international airports that have not yet been named as such, 4 airports with restricted access, and 6 airports that have not yet passed the acceptance for a port of entry. There are also 18 temporarily open aviation ports, and in emergencies, ports may be open exceptionally: Guanghan Airport, which is not a civil transportation airport, was temporarily opened to the public during the Wenchuan earthquake relief efforts.[184]

In 2016 statistics, the port with the largest number of arrivals and departures was the Shanghai Air Transport Port, with an annual volume of 37,927,468 passengers,[l] followed by the Beijing Air Transportation Port with 24,252,289 passengers, and the Guangdong Guangzhou Air Transport Port with 13,219,779 passengers. The port with the largest volume of import and export cargo was the Shanghai APE, with 4,746,330 tons, followed by the Beijing APE with 1,853,736 tons, and the Guangzhou APE in Guangdong Province with 1,631,938 tons. The largest number of inbound/outbound flights was at the Shanghai APE with 234,047, followed by 131,483 at the Beijing APE, and 93,616 at the Guangzhou APE in Guangdong Province.[185]: 29   

Province PoE Name Established Airport Name Airport Type Border Inspection Station Customs
Beijing Beijing APE 1954[186]
& 2019[187] 		Beijing Capital Intl Airport Intl Airport Beijing BIS Beijing Customs
Beijing Daxing Intl Airport Intl Airport
Tianjin Tianjin APE 1981[188] Tianjin Binhai Intl Airport Intl Airport Tianjin BIS Tianjin Customs
Hebei Shijiazhuang APE 1995[189] Shijiazhuang Zhengding Intl Airport Intl Airport Hebei BIS Shijiazhuang Customs
- 2007[190] Qinhuangdao Beidaihe Airport Temporary PoE
Shanxi Taiyuan APE 1993[191] Taiyuan Wusu Intl Airport Intl Airport Shanxi BIS Taiyuan Customs
Datong APE 2019[187] Datong Yungang Airport Intl Airport
Yuncheng APE 2020[192] Yuncheng Zhangxiao Airport Intl Airport
- 2019[193] Xinzhou Wutaishan Airport Temporary PoE
Inner Mongolia Hohhot APE 1991[194] Hohhot Baita Intl Airport Intl Airport Inner Mongolia BIS Hohhot Customs
Ordos APE 2016[195] Ordos Ejin Horo Intl Airport Intl Airport
Erenhot APE 2021[196] Erenhot Saiwusu Airport Pending acceptance
Baotou APE 2019[187] Baotou Donghe Airport Intl Airport
- 2019[197] Ulanqab Jining Airport Temporary PoE
Manzhouli APE 2009[198] Manzhouli Xijiao Airport Intl Airport Manzhouli Customs
Hailar APE 1993[199] Hulunbuir Hailar Airport Intl Airport
- 2015[200] Arxan Yi'ershi Airport Temporary PoE
Liaoning Shenyang APE 1959[201] Shenyang Taoxian Intl Airport Intl Airport Liaoning BIS Shenyang Customs
- 2013[202] Jinzhou Jinzhouwan Airport Temporary PoE
Dalian APE 1985[203] Dalian Shoushuizi Intl Airport Intl Airport Dalian Customs
- 2007[204] Dandong Langtou Airport Temporary PoE
Jilin Changchun APE 1992[205] Changchun Longjia Intl Airport Intl Airport Jilin BIS Changchun Customs
Yanji APE 2003[206] Yanji Chaoyangchuan Intl Airport Intl Airport
Heilongjiang Harbin APE 1984[207] Harbin Taiping Intl Airport Intl Airport Heilongjiang BIS Harbin Customs
Qiqihar APE 1993[208] Qiqihar Sanjiazi Airport Intl Airport
Mudanjiang APE 1996[185]: 179  Mudanjiang Hailang Intl Airport Intl Airport
Jiamusi APE 1992[209] Jiamusi Dongjiao Airport Intl Airport
- 1992[210] Heihe Aihui Airport Temporary PoE
- 2016[211] Fuyuan Dongji Airport Temporary PoE
Shanghai Shanghai APE 1963[212]
&1999[213] 		Shanghai Hongqiao Intl Airport Intl Airport Shanghai BIS Shanghai Customs
Shanghai Pudong Intl Airport Intl Airport
Jiangsu Nanjing APE 1979[214] Nanjing Lukou Intl Airport Intl Airport Jiangsu BIS Nanjing Customs
Xuzhou APE 2008[185]: 217  Xuzhou Guanyin Intl Airport Intl Airport
Yancheng APE 2007[215] Yancheng Nanyang Intl Airport Intl Airport
Wuxi APE 2008[216] Wuxi Shuofang Airport Intl Airport
Changzhou APE 2014[185]: 218  Changzhou Benniu Intl Airport Intl Airport
Huaian APE 2014[217] Huaian Lianshui Intl Airport Intl Airport
Yangtai APE 2015[218] Yangzhou Taizhou Intl Airport Intl Airport
Nantong APE 2015[219] Nantong Xingdong Intl Airport Intl Airport
Lianyungang APE 2015[220] Lianyungang Huaguoshan Airport Pending acceptance
Zhejiang Hangzhou APE 1979[221] Hangzhou Xiaoshan Intl Airport Intl Airport Zhejiang BIS Hangzhou Customs
Wenzhou APE 1994[222] Wenzhou Longwan Intl Airport Intl Airport
Yiwu APE 2014[223] Yiwu Airport Intl Airport
Zhoushan APE 2018[224] Zhoushan Putuoshan Airport Intl Airport
Ningbo APE 1992[225] Ningbo Lishe Intl Airport Intl Airport Ningbo Customs
Anhui Hefei APE 1990[226] Hefei Xinqiao Intl Airport Intl Airport Anhui BIS Hefei Customs
Huangshan APE 1992[227] Huangshan Tunxi Intl Airport Intl Airport
Fujian Fuzhou APE 1982[228]: 244  Fuzhou Changle Intl Airport Intl Airport Xiamen BIS Fuzhou Customs
Wuyishan APE 1993[229] Wuyishan Airport Restricted PoE
Quanzhou APE 2009[230] Quanzhou Jinjiang Intl Airport Intl Airport Xiamen Customs
Xiamen APE 1983[185]: 294  Xiamen Gaoqi Intl Airport Intl Airport
Jiangxi Nanchang APE 1990[231] Nanchang Changbei Intl Airport Intl Airport Jiangxi BIS Nanchang Customs
- 2019[232] Ganzhou Huangjin Airport Temporary PoE
Shandong Jinan APE 1990[233] Jinan Yaoqiang Intl Airport Intl Airport Shandong BIS Jinan Customs
- 2015[234] Weifang Airport Temporary PoE
Qingdao APE 1988[235] Qingdao Jiaodong Intl Airport Intl Airport Qingdao Customs
Yantai APE 1992[236]: 29  Yantai Penglai Intl Airport Intl Airport
Weihai APE 2004[185]: 343  Weihai Dashuipo Airport Intl Airport
Linyi APE 2019[187] Linyi Qiyang Airport Intl Airport
Henan Zhengzhou APE 1988[237] Zhengzhou Xinzheng Intl Airport Intl Airport Henan BIS Zhengzhou Customs
Luoyang APE 1992[185]: 367  Luoyang Beijiao Airport Restricted PoE
Hubei Wuhan APE 1987[238] Wuhan Tianhe Intl Airport Intl Airport Hubei BIS Wuhan Customs
Yichang APE 2005[239] Yichang Sanxia Airport Intl Airport
Enshi APE 2023[240] Enshi Xujiaping Airport Pending acceptance
- 2023[241] Ezhou Huahu Airport Temporary PoE
- 2019[242] Xiangyang Liuji Airport Temporary PoE
Hunan Changsha APE 1990[243] Changsha Huanghua Intl Airport Intl Airport Hunan BIS Changsha Customs
Zhangjiajie APE 1997[244] Zhangjiajie Hehua Intl Airport Intl Airport
Guangdong Guangzhou APE 1956[245][246] Guangzhou Baiyun Intl Airport Intl Airport Guangzhou BIS Guangzhou Customs
Shenzhen APE 1992[247] Shenzhen Baoan Intl Airport Intl Airport Shenzhen BIS Shenzhen Customs
Jieyang APE 1986[248][249] Jieyang Chaoshan Intl Airport Intl Airport Shantou Customs
Meizhou APE 1989[185]: 455  Meizhou Meixian Airport Restricted PoE
Zhanjiang APE 1987[185]: 455  Zhanjiang Wuchuan Airport Intl Airport Zhuhai BIS Zhanjiang Customs
- 2009[250] Zhuhai Jinwan Airport Temporary PoE Gongbei Customs
Guangxi Nanning APE 1956[245][246] Nanning Wuwei Intl Airport Intl Airport Guangxi BIS Nanning Customs
Guilin APE 1979[251] Guilin Liangjiang Intl Airport Intl Airport
Beihai APE 1993[252] Beihai Fucheng Airport Restricted PoE
- 2018[253] Liuzhou Bailian Airport Temporary PoE
Hainan Haikou APE 1983[254] Haikou Meilan Intl Airport Intl Airport Haikou BIS Haikou Customs
Sanya APE 1983[255] Sanya Fenghuang Intl Airport Intl Airport
Bo'ao APE 2020[192] Qionghai Boao Airport Pending acceptance
Chongqing Chongqing APE 1987[256] Chongqing Jiangbei Intl Airport Intl Airport Chongqing BIS Chongqing Customs
Wanzhou APE 2022[257] Wanzhou Wuqiao Airport Pending acceptance
Sichuan Chengdu APE 1981[258]
&2021[196] 		Chengdu Shuangliu Intl Airport Intl Airport Sichuan BIS Chengdu Customs
Chengdu Tianfu Intl Airport Intl Airport
Guizhou Guiyang APE 1992[259] Guiyang Longdongbao Intl Airport Intl Airport Guizhou BIS Guiyang Customs
Zunyi APE 2019[187] Zunyi Xinzhou Airport Pending acceptance
- 2018[260] Tongren Fenghuang Airport Temporary PoE
Yunnan Kunming APE 1955[185]: 606  Kunming Changshui Intl Airport Intl Airport Yunnan BIS KunmingCustoms
Xishuangbanna APE 1995[261] Xishuangbanna Gasa Intl Airport Intl Airport
Lijiang APE 2011[262] Lijiang Sanyi Intl Airport Intl Airport
Mangshi APE 2016[263] Dehong Manshi Intl Airport Intl Airport
- 1962[264]: 75  Pu'er Simao Airport Temporary PoE
Tibet Lhasa APE 1993[265] Lhasa Gonggar Airport Intl Airport Tibet BIS Lhasa Customs
Shaanxi Xi'an APE 1981[266] Xi'an Xiangyang Intl Airport Intl Airport Shaanxi BIS Xi'an Customs
- 2018[267] Yulin Yuyang Airport Temporary PoE
Gansu Lanzhou APE 1992[268] Lanzhou Zhongchuan Intl Airport Intl Airport Gansu BIS Lanzhou Customs
Dunhuang APE 2015[269] Dunhuang Mogao Intl Airport Intl Airport
Qinghai Xining APE 2006[270] Xining Caojiapu Intl Airport Intl Airport Qinghai BIS Xining Customs
Ningxia Yinchuan APE 2005[271] Yinchuan Hedong Intl Airport Intl Airport Ningxia BIS Yinchuan Customs
Xinjiang Ürümqi APE 1973[185]: 678  Ürümqi Diwopu Intl Airport Intl Airport Xinjiang BIS Ürümqi Customs
Kashgar APE 1993[272] Kashgar Laining Intl Airport Intl Airport
Yining APE 2016[185]: 679  Yining Airport Intl Airport
- 2017[273] Karamay Guhai Airport Temporary PoE

Note: italics mark a temporary port.

Images[edit]

Images of various ports of entry of China

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The Chinese word "口岸" (pinyin: kǒu'àn) is often translated simply as "Port", but this may cause confusion as it covers all legally established and government monitored entry points to the country through any medium, not just water ports. The word "Port of Entry", "Checkpoint", "Crossing", or "Gateway" are sometimes used when confusion is an issue.
  2. ^ during the Covid 19 pandemic, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention took over organizing the stringent border controls and 21-days quarantines once the full-country lock-down was eased down.
  3. ^ These statistics refer to the officially opened ports of entry, and excludes the cargo and passengers that entered to temporarily opened ports
  4. ^ Bilateral ports mean those ports of entry that are limited exclusively to the citizens of the two bordering countries, and cannot process third-country nationals
  5. ^ a b c d e The State Council has approved the port, but it has yet to start functioning.
  6. ^ Class II port
  7. ^ Zhangmu was hit hard after the April 2015 Nepal earthquake, and the crossing was temporarily closed. The Zhangmu crossing resumed trial operation in May 2019, and resumed passenger function on September 1, 2023
  8. ^ Burang Port is an officially open bilateral port with Nepal, and an official port for Indian pilgrims going to Kailash, plus a trade route open exclusively to local people.
  9. ^ Due to the unilateral closure of the crossing by Mongolia, the Mazongshan crossing has been out of service since 1993.
  10. ^ a b c d Hung Hom station closed for cross-border passengers permanently. Cargo only
  11. ^ the control point is based in Hong Kong, but it operates under PRC law and it is managed by the Shenzhen Municipal People's Government.
  12. ^ a b As these statistics are port of entry measurements, they count only passengers and cargo entering or leaving the country in international flights or ships. Total throughput numbers for ports such as Shanghai and Beijing are much larger when including domestic cargo and passengers.
  13. ^ Including Dongzao Port Operations Area
  14. ^ Including Niutouwan Port Area
  15. ^ Includes the Xiamen International Cruise Center and the Wutong Passenger Wharf
  16. ^ Including Daewoo Shipbuilding Wharf
  17. ^ On December 28, 2016, the State Council approved merging Shishu Port and Lanshan Port into Rizhao Port.
  18. ^ The Xiadong port area is not included in the "Shenzhen Port Master Plan" and has been merged into the Longgang port area.
  19. ^ The State Council has approved this port, but so far construction has not been initiated and it has not been put into operation.
  20. ^ The port area has been suspended since 1985, but not revoked.
  21. ^ The port has been suspended for several years, but not revoked.
  22. ^ Port of Shunde's original name was Port of Rongqi
  23. ^ Xinhui port area is categorized as a coastal port area in the "Jiangmen Port Master Plan", but it is classified as a river port in the "China Port Yearbook".
  24. ^ Suspended since 2007 to the present.
  25. ^ Due to delays of construction on the Russian side, the port remains unopened.
  26. ^ Temporary crossings has been completed, but due to construction delays on the Russian side, the port has not yet been officially opened for use.
  27. ^ The Port of Mohe has been inactive since 2007 due to the unilateral closure of the Dzhalinda Port as a result of Russian adjustments to the port's mode of operation.

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