Pteromalus cassotis
| Pteromalus cassotis | |
|---|---|
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| P.cassotis on a monarch butterfly chrysalis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Pteromalidae |
| Genus: | Pteromalus |
| Species: | P. cassotis
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| Binomial name | |
| Pteromalus cassotis | |
| Synonyms | |
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Pteromalus cassotis is a species of parasitic wasp in the family Pteromalidae that parasitizes the chrysalides of monarch butterflies. They are gregarious parasitoids, meaning a single female lays many eggs in a single host. Research into this species has documented that up to 425 adult wasps can emerge from a single chrysalis. The wasps have a heavy female bias, averaging 90% female.[2][3][4] Maximum entropy models suggest that the natural habitat of this species encompasses the continental United States, southern Canada and parts of Mexico; areas inhabited by the caterpillars of monarch butterflies, which are the larvae's hosts.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "Pteromalus cassotis Walker, 1847". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
- ^ Stenoien, C., McCoshum, S., Caldwell, W., De Anda, A., & Oberhauser, K. S. (2015). "New Reports that Monarch Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danaus plexippus Linnaeus) are Hosts for a Pupal Parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalus cassotis Walker)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 88(1), 16-26. doi:10.2317/JKES1402.22.1
- ^ "Pteromalus cassotis maybe - Pteromalus cassotis". BugGuide. Retrieved 2019-02-22.
- ^ Oberhauser, Karen; Anda, Alma De; Caldwell, Wendy; McCoshum, Shaun; Stenoien, Carl (January 2015). "New Reports that Monarch Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danaus plexippus Linnaeus) are Hosts for a Pupal Parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalus cassotis Walker)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 88 (1): 16–26. doi:10.2317/JKES1402.22.1. ISSN 0022-8567. S2CID 52231552.
- ^ McCoshum, S. M., Andreoli, S. L., Stenoien, C. M., Oberhauser, K. S., & Baum, K. A. (2016). "Species distribution models for natural enemies of monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae and pupae: distribution patterns and implications for conservation". Journal of Insect Conservation. 20(2), 223-237. doi:10.1007/s10841-016-9856-z
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