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RS Persei

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RS Persei

RS Persei is the red star closest to the centre of NGC 884, the right hand cluster (north is down).
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Perseus
Right ascension 2h 22m 24.296s[1]
Declination +57° 06′ 34.10″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 7.82-10.0[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Red supergiant
Spectral type M4Iab[3]
Variable type SRc[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−38.0±2[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −0.602[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −1.107[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)0.3874 ± 0.0450 mas[1]
Distance4,880+720
−561 ly
(1,497+221
−172 pc)[5]
Absolute magnitude (MV)−6.18[6]
Details
Mass12 – 15[7] M☉
Radius547+9
−7[5] – 775+110
−85[8] R☉
Luminosity59,000[9] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)−0.2±0.05[7] cgs
Temperature3,470±90[7] K
Other designations
RS Per, HD 14488, BD+56°583, 2MASS J02222428+5706340, AAVSO 0215+56A
Database references
SIMBADdata

RS Persei is a red supergiant variable star located in the Double Cluster in Perseus. The star's apparent magnitude varies from 7.82 to 10.0, meaning it is never visible to the naked eye.

Location

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RS Persei is a member of the cluster NGC 884, χ Persei, one half of the famous Double Cluster.[10]

Variability

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A light curve for RS Persei, plotted from INTEGRAL Optical Monitoring Camera data[11]

In March of 1904, Lidiya Tseraskaya discovered that the star, then called BD +56°583, is a variable star.[12]It was listed with its variable star designation, RS Persei, in Annie Jump Cannon's 1907 work Second Catalog of Variable Stars.[13] RS Persei is classified as a semiregular variable star, with its brightness varying from magnitude 7.82 to 10.0 over 245 days,[2] Detailed studies show that it also pulsates with a long secondary period of 4,200±1,500 days.[14]

Properties

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RS Persei is a large cool star with a temperature of 3,500 K. This makes it luminous, although much of its radiation is emitted in the infrared. In 2005, RS Per was calculated to have a bolometric luminosity of 145,000 L☉ and a radius around 1,000 R☉.[6] More recently, 2014 calculations across all wavelengths gives the star a lower luminosity of 77,600+9,500
−8,400 L☉ based on an assumed distance, and a radius of 770±30 R☉ based on the measured angular diameter and luminosity.[7] A 2023 paper gives an even smaller luminosity of 59,000 L☉. [9]

The angular diameter of RS Persei was measured at 3.4±0.03 mas. At a distance of 1,497 parsecs, this corresponds to a radius of 547 R☉.[5] Another paper from the same author gives 3.34+0.07
−0.09 mas and a radius of 775 R☉, altought the distance used isn't is mentioned.[8] It is surrounded by dust that has condensed from material lost by the star.[15]

RS Persei has sometimes been considered to be a highly evolved low mass Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star,[16] but calculations of its current mass suggest that it is a true red supergiant. NGC 244 is also too young to host AGB stars.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b c Samus', N. N.; Goranskii, V. P.; Durlevich, O. V.; Zharova, A. V.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N.; Williams, D. B.; Hazen, M. L. (2003). "An Electronic Version of the Second Volume of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars with Improved Coordinates". Astronomy Letters. 29 (7): 468. Bibcode:2003AstL...29..468S. doi:10.1134/1.1589864. S2CID 16299532.
  3. ^ Saesen, S.; Carrier, F.; Pigulski, A.; Aerts, C.; Handler, G.; Narwid, A.; Fu, J. N.; Zhang, C.; Jiang, X. J.; Vanautgaerden, J.; Kopacki, G.; Stęślicki, M.; Acke, B.; Poretti, E.; Uytterhoeven, K.; Gielen, C.; Østensen, R.; De Meester, W.; Reed, M. D.; Kołaczkowski, Z.; Michalska, G.; Schmidt, E.; Yakut, K.; Leitner, A.; Kalomeni, B.; Cherix, M.; Spano, M.; Prins, S.; Van Helshoecht, V.; Zima, W.; Huygen, R.; Vandenbussche, B.; Lenz, P.; Ladjal, D.; Puga Antolín, E.; Verhoelst, T.; De Ridder, J.; Niarchos, P.; Liakos, A.; Lorenz, D.; Dehaes, S.; Reyniers, M.; Davignon, G.; Kim, S.-L.; Kim, D. H.; Lee, Y.-J.; Lee, C.-U.; Kwon, J.-H.; Broeders, E.; Van Winckel, H.; Vanhollebeke, E.; Waelkens, C.; Raskin, G.; Blom, Y.; Eggen, J. R.; Degroote, P.; Beck, P.; Puschnig, J.; Schmitzberger, L.; Gelven, G. A.; Steininger, B.; Blommaert, J.; Drummond, R.; Briquet, M.; Debosscher, J. (2010). "Photometric multi-site campaign on the open cluster NGC 884". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 515: A16. arXiv:1001.1116. Bibcode:2010A&A...515A..16S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913236. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 40932414.
  4. ^ Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953). "General catalogue of stellar radial velocities". Washington. Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W.
  5. ^ a b c Norris, Ryan P. (2019). Seeing Stars Like Never Before: A Long-term Interferometric Imaging Survey of Red Supergiants (PDF) (PhD). Georgia State University.
  6. ^ a b Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges (2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not As Cool As We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973–985. arXiv:astro-ph/0504337. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. doi:10.1086/430901. S2CID 15109583.
  7. ^ a b c d e Baron, F.; Monnier, J. D.; Kiss, L. L.; Neilson, H. R.; Zhao, M.; Anderson, M.; Aarnio, A.; Pedretti, E.; Thureau, N.; Ten Brummelaar, T. A.; Ridgway, S. T.; McAlister, H. A.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N. (2014). "CHARA/MIRC Observations of Two M Supergiants in Perseus OB1: Temperature, Bayesian Modeling, and Compressed Sensing Imaging". The Astrophysical Journal. 785 (1): 46. arXiv:1405.4032. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785...46B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/46. S2CID 17085548.
  8. ^ a b Ryan Norris. "Student Science at NMT: Learning Optical Interferometry Through Projects on Evolved Stars" (PDF). CHARA.
  9. ^ a b Healy, Sarah; Horiuchi, Shunsaku; Molla, Marta Colomer; Milisavljevic, Dan; Tseng, Jeff; Bergin, Faith; Weil, Kathryn; Tanaka, Masaomi (2024-03-23). "Red Supergiant Candidates for Multimessenger Monitoring of the Next Galactic Supernova". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529 (4): 3630–3650. arXiv:2307.08785. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.529.3630H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae738. ISSN 0035-8711.
  10. ^ Mermilliod, J. C.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S. (2008). "Red giants in open clusters. XIV. Mean radial velocities for 1309 stars and 166 open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 485 (1): 303–314. Bibcode:2008A&A...485..303M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809664.
  11. ^ "OMC Archive". OMC Archive. The Astronomical Data Centre at CAB. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  12. ^ Ceraski, W. (April 1904). "Une nouvelle variable 16.1904 Persei au cluster χ Persei". Astronomische Nachrichten. 165: 125. Bibcode:1904AN....165..125C. doi:10.1002/asna.19041650805. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  13. ^ Cannon, Annie J. (1907). "Second catalogue of variable stars". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 55: 1–94. Bibcode:1907AnHar..55....1C. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  14. ^ Kiss, L. L.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Bedding, T. R. (2006). "Variability in red supergiant stars: Pulsations, long secondary periods and convection noise". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 372 (4): 1721–1734. arXiv:astro-ph/0608438. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.372.1721K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10973.x. S2CID 5203133.
  15. ^ Verhoelst, T.; Van Der Zypen, N.; Hony, S.; Decin, L.; Cami, J.; Eriksson, K. (2009). "The dust condensation sequence in red supergiant stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 498 (1): 127–138. arXiv:0901.1262. Bibcode:2009A&A...498..127V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/20079063. S2CID 18383796.
  16. ^ Yoon, Dong-Hwan; Cho, Se-Hyung; Kim, Jaeheon; Yun, Young joo; Park, Yong-Sun (2014). "SiO and H2O Maser Survey toward Post-asymptotic Giant Branch and Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 211 (1): 15. Bibcode:2014ApJS..211...15Y. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/211/1/15. S2CID 73561291.
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