Russula subnigricans
| Russula subnigricans | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Russulales |
| Family: | Russulaceae |
| Genus: | Russula |
| Species: | R. subnigricans
|
| Binomial name | |
| Russula subnigricans | |
Russula subnigricans | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex |
 | Hymenium is free |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is poisonous or deadly |
Russula subnigricans, known as the rank russula,[2] or Nise-Kurohatsu (Japanese), meaning "false blackening russula" is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula found in East Asia.
Description
[edit]The flesh turns pale red when cut, but doesn't turn black unlike Russula nigricans.[1]
The species was named by Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1955.[1]
The name was formerly applied to the North American fungus Russula eccentrica in California.[3] It has been reclassified as Russula cantharellicola, where it grows in association with coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) trees in California oak woodland habitats.[4]
Toxicity
[edit]Russula subnigricans is a poisonous mushroom, and has been responsible for mushroom poisoning in Taiwan and Japan. The effect is a serious one, rhabdomyolysis.
The toxins responsible are the very unusual cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid (a toxic molecule consisting of only 10 atoms) and Russuphelin A (a heavily chlorinated polyphenolic).[5][6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Tsuguo Hongo (1955) Notes Japanese Larger Fungi(6). The Journal of Japanese Botany（植物研究雑誌）30(3), p.73-76.doi:10.51033/jjapbot.30_3_3843
- ^ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
- ^ Wood M, Stevens F (2007). "California Fungi:Russula eccentrica". The Fungi of California website. Mykoweb. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
- ^ Openjournals.wsu.edu: "A new species of Russula, subgenus Compactae from California" (2014).
- ^ Editorial. "Experts identify toxic compound in deadly mushroom". Reuters.com. Archived from the original on May 30, 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ^ Takahashi A, Agatsuma T, Matsuda M, Ohta T, Nunozawa T, Endo T, Nozoe S (1992). "Russuphelin A, a new cytotoxic substance from the mushroom Russula subnigricans Hongo". Chem Pharm Bull. 40 (12): 3185–88. doi:10.1248/cpb.40.3185. PMID 1294320.
External links
[edit]- Cornell University Mycology Blog: "A deadly Russula"
Data related to Russula subnigricans at Wikispecies
