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Same-sex marriage in Baja California Sur

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Part of the LGBTQ rights series
Marriage

Recognized

Civil unions or registered partnerships but not marriage
Minimal recognition
See also
Notes
  1. ^ a b Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the Caribbean Netherlands), as well as in Aruba and Curaçao. May be registered in Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  2. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  3. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.
  4. ^ a b Neither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa.
  5. ^ Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
  6. ^ a b c d e The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
  7. ^ A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
  8. ^ Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
  9. ^ Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
  10. ^ Courts have recognised guru–shishya, nata pratha or maitri karar–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
  11. ^ Some cities and prefectures issue partnership certificates, but they are not legally binding.
  12. ^ Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
  13. ^ Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
  1. ^ a b Not yet in effect.
LGBTQ portal

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Baja California Sur since 29 June 2019. On 27 June, the state Congress passed a bill opening marriage to same-sex couples. It was published in the official state gazette on 28 June and took effect the following day, legalizing same-sex marriage in Baja California Sur.

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Background

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See also: Same-sex marriage in Mexico § México Igualitario Project

The Mexican Supreme Court ruled on 12 June 2015 that state bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional nationwide. The court's ruling is considered a "jurisprudential thesis" and did not invalidate state laws, meaning that same-sex couples denied the right to marry would still have to seek individual amparos in court. The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico to approve all applications for same-sex marriages and made the approval mandatory.

The first amparo in favor of same-sex marriage in Baja California Sur was granted on 21 October 2014.[1][2] The case involved 9 same-sex couples, 14 women and 4 men, who had filed an amparo in August 2014 contesting the constitutionality of articles 150 and 330 of the state Civil Code. Article 150 defined marriage as the "legitimate union of a man and a woman" and whose goal was "perpetuating the species", and article 330 similarly defined concubinage as between "a man and a woman".[3] On 21 October, a district court judge declared the two articles unconstitutional and gave the 9 couples in question the right to marry. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the couples on appeal in March 2016.[4] This court decision only allowed the 9 couples involved in the case to marry. The couples were represented by LGBT activist and lawyer Nolzuly Almodóvar García.

In February 2015, 18 same-sex couples, 32 women and 4 men, filed an amparo in court seeking the right to marry their partner. It was granted by the First District Court in April 2015.[5] Lawyer Almodóvar García has represented several same-sex couples in these amparos. In November 2014, he helped 10 couples from La Paz file an amparo for the right to marry,[6] and did so again in April 2015 for 6 more couples.[5] By 20 August 2016, 180 people had been granted the right to marry by the courts.[7]

Legislative action

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On 9 April 2010, the LGBT organization La Comunidad Sudcaliforniana en Diversidad Sexual proposed amendments to the Civil Code of Baja California Sur to legalize same-sex marriage and adoption by same-sex couples.[8] No action was taken by the state Congress over the following years, as local politicians deflected the issue arguing that "the public must be consulted".[9][10] Even after several court decisions in favor of same-sex couples, members of the local Congress said that the issue was not on the legislative agenda.[11] On 25 March 2015, the Chief Justice of the Baja California Sur Supreme Court, Daniel Gallo Rodríguez, introduced a same-sex marriage bill to Congress.[12] On 15 April, a member of Congress told the media that analysis of the proposal would begin in May 2015.[13] On 17 May 2016, the International Day Against Homophobia, a congresswoman from the conservative National Action Party (PAN) announced that the bill would be voted on before 30 June.[14] No vote took place however, and the proposal was put in the "legislative freezer" (congelador legislativo).

In the July 2018 elections, the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and other parties supporting same-sex marriage won a majority of legislative seats in Congress. In September 2018, several deputies promised to push for the legalization of same-sex marriage.[15] In May 2019, Deputy Rosalba Rodríguez López introduced a same-sex marriage bill to Congress.[16] On 27 June 2019, the state Congress approved the legislation in a 14–5 vote with one abstention.[17][18] It was signed by Governor Carlos Mendoza Davis the same day and published in the official state gazette on 28 June. The law took effect the following day.[19][20][21]

Article 150 of the Civil Code of Baja California Sur now reads as follows:

  • in Spanish: El matrimonio es la unión libre de dos personas para realizar la comunidad de vida, en donde ambos se procuran respeto, igualdad y ayuda mutua, mediante la cohabitación doméstica y sexual.
  • (Marriage is the free union of two people with the purpose of building a community of life, where both partners seek respect, equality and mutual aid, by means of domestic and sexual cohabitation.)
Political party[22] Members Yes No Abstain Absent
National Regeneration Movement 8 8
Independents 7 3 3 1
Institutional Revolutionary Party 1 1
National Action Party 1 1
Labor Party 1 1
Party of the Democratic Revolution 1 1
Humanist Party 1 1
Partido de Renovación Sudcaliforniana 1 1
Total 21 14 5 1 1

The law granted married same-sex couples the same rights, benefits and responsibilities as married opposite-sex couples, including property rights, inheritance rights, hospital visitation rights, the right to make emergency medical decisions for a partner, protection from domestic violence, etc., but with the exception of adoption rights.

In June 2022, Deputy María Guadalupe Moreno Higuera introduced legislation to Congress to permit married same-sex couples to petition to adopt. The bill was passed by the state congress in November 2022, but was vetoed by the governor in March 2024.[23]

In May 2023, the Baja California Sur Congress approved a citizen-initiated bill expanding the recognition of concubinage to same-sex couples.[24][25]

Marriage statistics

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The following table shows the number of same-sex marriages performed in Baja California Sur since 2019 as reported by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography.[26]

Number of marriages performed in Baja California Sur
Year Same-sex Opposite-sex Total % same-sex
Female Male Total
2019 15 12 27 2,391 2,418 1.12%
2020 24 9 33 1,581 1,614 2.04%
2021 34 23 57 2,254 2,311 2.47%

Public opinion

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A 2017 opinion poll conducted by Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica found that 59% of Baja California Sur residents supported same-sex marriage, while 36% were opposed.[27]

According to a 2018 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, 42% of the Baja California Sur public opposed same-sex marriage.[28]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Sentencian a favor del matrimonio igualitario en BCS". octavodia.mx. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014.
  2. ^ "SCJN permite el matrimonio gay en Baja California Sur". BCS Noticias. 2014-10-24. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  3. ^ "Se amparan 18 personas por el matrimonio gay en BCS; buscan la adopción". BCS Noticias. 2014-08-08. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  4. ^ "Resuelve Primera Sala asuntos sobre violencia de género y no discriminación". Canal Judicial. 2016-03-10. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Gana segundo amparo comunidad LGBT en BCS; se alistan cuatro matrimonios". octavodia.mx. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015.
  6. ^ "Insistirán en legalizar el matrimonio igualitario en BCS". octavodia.mx. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014.
  7. ^ "Existen 180 amparos otorgados para unir a personas mediante el "Matrimonio Igualitario" en BCS". Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  8. ^ "Activistas de Baja California Sur proponen matrimonio gay en la entidad". notiese.org. Archived from the original on 2016-09-18. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  9. ^ "BCS, lejos del matrimonio gay". Peninsular Digital. 2013-04-18. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  10. ^ "No debe tomarse a la ligera la aprobación de los matrimonios gay". Peninsular Digital. 2014-04-29. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  11. ^ Antonio de Jesús Cervantes (4 November 2014). "Matrimonio igualitario no está en agenda del Congreso local". Semanario ZETA. Archived from the original on 2014-11-17. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  12. ^ "El Tribunal Superior propuso la legalización del matrimonio gay en BCS". BCS Noticias. 2015-03-25. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  13. ^ "En mayo legislarán sobre matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo". Peninsular Digital. 2015-04-16. Archived from the original on 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  14. ^ "Este año quedarán homologados los matrimonios entre personas del mismo sexo" (in Spanish). Peninsular Digital. 17 May 2016. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  15. ^ (in Spanish) Nuevos diputados de BCS prometen sacar al matrimonio gay y la eutanasia de la "congeladora" Archived 2019-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "[Video] Se enciende el Congreso por iniciativa de matrimonio igualitario". El Sudcaliforniano (in Spanish). 7 May 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  17. ^ "Histórico: Congreso aprueba los matrimonios gays en Baja California Sur". BCS Noticias. 2019-06-28. Archived from the original on 2019-07-01. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  18. ^ "¡Acepto! Congreso de Baja California Sur aprueba matrimonio igualitario". milenio.com. 27 June 2019. Archived from the original on 28 June 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  19. ^ "DECRETO 2624 Se Deroga el Artículo 174 y se Reforman los Artículos 150, 157, 173, 176, 218 y 220 todos del Código Civil para el Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California Sur" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-06-28. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  20. ^ "El Registro Civil ya podrá realizar matrimonios igualitarios". El Sudcaliforniano. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  21. ^ "Publica Boletín Oficial del Gobierno de BCS reformas que permite Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo". Diario El Independiente. 2019-06-28. Archived from the original on 2020-08-08. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  22. ^ "Boletín de prensa No. 113". Congreso del Estado de Baja California Sur (in Spanish). 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  23. ^ "Gobernador veta reforma sobre adopción homoparental en BCS | Noticias de México | El Imparcial". Gobernador veta reforma sobre adopción homoparental en BCS | Noticias de México (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  24. ^ Santiesteban, Gilberto (2023-06-06). "Aprueban reconocimiento de derechos de concubinato a personas LGBT+ en BCS". Semanario ZETA (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-07.
  25. ^ "Reconocen concubinato en personas del mismo sexo". El Sudcaliforniano (in Spanish). 23 May 2023.
  26. ^ "Matrimonios, Entidad y municipio de registro, Sexo, Sexo". INEGI (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2020-10-17. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
  27. ^ Encuesta nacional 2017 Archived 2017-09-19 at the Wayback Machine, Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica
  28. ^ "#Data | ¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay? - El Sol de México". elsoldemexico.com.mx. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
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