Siphula
| Siphula | |
|---|---|
| |
| Siphula ceratites | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Pertusariales |
| Family: | Icmadophilaceae |
| Genus: | Siphula Fr. (1831) |
| Type species | |
| Siphula ceratites (Wahlenb.) Fr. (1831)
| |
| Species | |
|
22 | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Siphula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Icmadophilaceae. The widespread genus was circumscribed by the Swedish mycologist Elias Fries in 1831.[3]
Description
[edit]The genus Siphula includes lichens with a shrubby, upright thallus (the lichen body) that is sparsely branched and has a whitish appearance. The outer surface, or cortex, is pseudoparenchymatous, meaning it consists of densely packed cells resembling plant parenchyma (common plant tissue). Siphula species partner with chlorococcoid algae, a type of green algae that supplies the lichen with energy through photosynthesis.[4]
Inside the thallus, the medulla (inner tissue layer) is compact and has fungal filaments (hyphae) that are generally aligned in a longitudinal direction. No reproductive structures, such as apothecia (spore-producing bodies) or conidiomata (asexual spore-producing bodies), have been observed to occur in this genus.[4]
Chemically, Siphula lichens contain various compounds including p- and m-depsides, dibenzofurans, and chromones, such as the compound siphulin.[4]
Habitat and distribution
[edit]Siphula species are found growing on peaty soils and on acid-leached bark in temperate rainforests as well as in wet alpine environments. This genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring across various regions worldwide.[4]
Species
[edit]As of October 2024[update], Species Fungorum accepts 22 species of Siphula:[5]
- Siphula australiensis Kantvilas (2004)[6]
- Siphula capensis Kantvilas (2023)[7]
- Siphula ceratites (Wahlenb.) Fr. (1831)[3]
- Siphula chimantensis V.Marcano (2021)[8]
- Siphula coriacea Taylor ex Nyl. (1860)[9]
- Siphula crittendenii Kantvilas (2023)[7]
- Siphula decumbens Nyl. (1888)[10]
- Siphula dissoluta Nyl. (1888)[10]
- Siphula fastigiata (Nyl.) Nyl. (1863)[11]
- Siphula flavovirens Kantvilas, Zedda & Elix (2003)[12]
- Siphula gracilis Kantvilas (1998)[13]
- Siphula paramensis V.Marcano & L. Castillo (2021)[14]
- Siphula parhamii Kantvilas (2004)[6]
- Siphula pteruloides Nyl. (1859)[15]
- Siphula subpteruloides V.Marcano (2021)[8]
- Siphula subsimplex V.Marcano (2021)[8]
- Siphula verrucigera (J.F.Gmel.) R.Sant. (1966)[16]
References
[edit]- ^ "Siphula Fr. 1831". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
- ^ Hue, A. (1914). "Lichenes novos vel melius cognitos". Annales Mycologici (in Latin). 12 (6): 509–534.
- ^ a b Fries, E.M. (1831). Lichenographia Europaea Reformata [Reformed European Lichenography] (in Latin). pp. 7, 406.
- ^ a b c d Lambley, P.; Purvis, O.W. (2009). "Siphula Fr. (1831)". In Smith, C.W.; Aptroot, A.; Coppins, B.J.; Fletcher, A.; Gilbert, O.L.; James, P.W.; Wolseley, P.A. (eds.). The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. London: British Lichen Society. p. 841.
- ^ "Species Fungorum - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
- ^ a b Kantvilas, G. (2004). "New Australian species in the lichen genus Siphula Fr". Austrobaileya. 6 (4): 949–955. doi:10.5962/p.299704.
- ^ a b Kantvilas, G. (2023). "Three new species of siphuloid lichens, with a first key to the genus Parasiphula". The Lichenologist. 55 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1017/S0024282922000421.
- ^ a b c Marcano, V. (2021). "The genus Siphula Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela". Phytotaxa. 489 (1): 10–26. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.489.1.2.
- ^ Nylander, W. (1860). Synopsis Methodica Lichenum Omnium hucusque Cognitorum, Praemissa Introductione Lingua Gallica [Methodical Synopsis of All Known Lichens, With an Introduction in French] (in Latin). Vol. 1. pp. 141–430.
- ^ a b Nylander, W. (1888). Lichenes Novae Zelandiae [Lichens of New Zealand] (in Latin). Paris: Paul Schmidt. pp. 1–156.
- ^ Nylander, William (1863). "Prodromus Florae Novo-Granatensis ou enumeration des plantes de la Nouvelle-Grenade. Lichenes" [Prodrome of the Flora of New Granada or enumeration of plants from New Granada. Lichens]. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique. 4 (in Latin). 19: 286–382.
- ^ Kantvilas, G.; Zedda, L.; Elix, J.A. (2003). "A remarkable new species of Siphula (lichenized fungi) from South Africa". Herzogia. 16: 21–25.
- ^ Kantvilas, G. (1998). "Studies on the lichen genus Siphula in Tasmania II. The S. decumbens group". Herzogia. 13: 119–138. doi:10.1127/herzogia/13/1998/119.
- ^ Marcano, V.; Castillo, L. (2021). "Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, lichenized fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela". Phytotaxa. 512 (3): 169–178. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.512.3.4.
- ^ Nylander, W.illiam (1859). "Lichenes in regionibus exoticis quibusdam vigentes exponit synopticis enumerationibus" [Synoptic enumeration of lichens growing in certain exotic regions]. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique. 4 (in Latin). 11: 205–264.
- ^ Santesson, R. (1966). "On the typification of some lichen names published by Gmelin". Botaniska Notiser: 84.