Thai–Myanmar Friendship Bridge
Thai–Myanmar Friendship Bridge สะพานมิตรภาพไทย-เมียนมา မြန်မာ-ထိုင်း ချစ်ကြည်ရေး တံတား | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Coordinates | 16°41′27″N 98°31′00″E / 16.69083°N 98.51667°E |
| Carries | Motor vehicles, Pedestrians |
| Crosses | Moei River, Myanmar–Thailand border |
| Locale | Mae Sot, Tak Province Myawaddy, Kayin State |
| Characteristics | |
| Total length | 420 m (1,380 ft) |
| Width | 13 m (42 ft 8 in) |
| History | |
| Opened | 15 August 1997 |
| Location | |
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The Thai–Myanmar Friendship Bridge is a bridge over the Moei river, which connects the city of Mae Sot in Tak Province in Thailand with the city of Myawaddy in Kayin State in Myanmar. This international bridge is 420 m (1,380 ft) long and 13 m (42 ft 8 in) wide. The bridge forms an important link on Asian Highway 1 of Asian Highway Network.[1][2][3] Another bridge to the north of the first, called the Second Thai–Myanmar Friendship Bridge was opened in 2019 and serves as another connection between Mae Sot and Myawaddy.[4] The bridges are part of the East-West Economic Corridor connecting Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.[5]
Location
[edit]The First and Second Friendship Bridges are located over the Moei River, connecting Tak Province, Thailand with Kayin State, Myanmar. The first bridge is also the terminus for Thai Highway 12. The second bridge is located a bit north of the first in Tambon Tha Sai Luad, and does not connect Mae Sot proper with Myawaddy proper.[6] On the Thai side, it is part of Highway 130 and diverges off from Highway 12 before Mae Sot. It eventually reconnects with the Asian Highway 1 on the Myanmar side.
History
[edit]
The Thai–Myanmar Friendship Bridge was opened on 15 August 1997. It was the first bridge between Thailand and Myanmar. On 15 August 2017, Thailand and Myanmar celebrated the 20th anniversary of the bridge's opening. The deputy governor of Tak province and Myawaddy governor attended the ceremony.[1][3]
Work on the Second Thai-Myanmar Friendship bridge began 21 January 2015.[7] According to The Nation, it was supposed to have open in December 2017 but was delayed by slow progress on the Myanmar side. Land owners in Myanmar had been resisting land expropriations requried to construct a four kilometre road connecting the bridge with the Asian Highway 1, due to the offers by the Myanmar government being below the market price.[6] On 20 March 2019, the second bridge was opened in an opening ceremony attended by the State Counsellor of Myanmar, Aung San Suu Kyi, and the Prime-Minister of Thailand, Prayut Chan-o-cha. The second bridge cost around ฿4 billion.[4]
Closure and reopening
[edit]The bridges were closed for three years due to both countries taking measures to prevent the spread COVID-19. The closure began on 23 March 2020 with the closure of border checkpoints on both sides.[8] Cross-border cargo trade over the second bridge resumed on 27 October 2020 with COVID precautions. The decision came from the governor of Tak province, Pongrat Piromrat, after health authorities in Mae Sot said that they were confident COVID-19 had been brought under control in the area.[9]
Plans to reopen the bridge were first announced on 1 May 2022,[10] with the border chekpoints on the Thai side being cleaned up in preparations for reopening.[8] But the reopening had been delayed and it eventually reopened on 12 January 2023.[10] However, it was forced to close again on 26 March 2023 due to fighting between the Tatmadaw and Kareni members of the People's Defence Force.[11]
In April 2024, following multiple battles in the region,[12][13] the border was closed for people wanting to leave Myanmar, while entering Myanmar was still possible.[14]
Cross-border tensions
[edit]During the COVID-19 closure, Myawaddy came under fighting due to the ongoing civil war in Myanmar, which would later lead to several incidents involving the bridges. On 11 March 2022, insurgents groups bombed the Second Friendship Bridge, resulting in a drop of cargo trucks travelling across the Myanmar-Thai border. A temporary bridge was constructed on 16 March to supplement the Second Bridge, but was limited to vehicles below 50 tonnes.[15]
On 24 April 2022, a car bomb exploded at the foot of the First Friendship Bridge on the Myanmar side. The bomb had been planted by insurgent forces, and cut the power supply to the area around the bridge on the Myanmar side.[16] Myanmar officials and the Border Guard Force then clashed with an insurgent group at the explosion site for 15 minutes.[17] On 15 October 2022, Another bomb exploded near the First Friendship Bridge, at a border checkpoint .[18]
On 29 May 2023, the military junta of Myanmar made a request to Thailand's Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), requesting that they stop supplying power to the border towns of Shwe Kokko and Lay Kay Kaw. Both towns had heavy Chinese investments, and contracts between Shwe Myint Thaung Yinn (SMTY) Industry and Manufacturing Co. Ltd and PEA kept them supplied with electricity. The contract was set to expire on 28 February, but SMTY had requested a temporary renewal.[19] The PEA followed Myanmar's request, and cut power on 6 June.[20]
The border region on Myanmar's side was controlled by the Kareni warlord Chit Tu and his Kareni Border Guard Forces, who were at the time both allied with the military junta.[21] Chit Tu subsequently threatened to close both friendship bridges.[22] Prayut Chan-o-cha, who was both the Thai Prime-Minister and Minister of Defence, responded to the situation by saying “It is an internal matter of Myanmar and does not have any impact on the Thai people”.[20]
In early 2024, forces of the Karen National Liberation Army, Karen National Union (KNU), and the People's Defence Force began to engage junta forces around Myawaddy. On April 10, the KNU claimed to have captured the city and push junta soldiers out towards the Second Friendship Bridge.[23] Throughout April, junta forces retained the area around the bridge, with Karen forces engaging junta soldiers who were hiding near the Second Friendship Bridge on April 20.[24][25] As a result of the siege, around 3,000 civilians fled to the Thai side, with some many through via the bridges.[26][27] By April 24, Myawaddy was recaptured by junta forces.[28] Renewed fighting at the end of April caused the Second Friendship bridge to be closed between April 20 and April 30. The First Friendship Bridge was also temporarily closed before being reopened on April 27.[29]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Thailand and Myanmar mark 20th anniversary of first Friendship bridge". Thai PBS English News Service. 16 August 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
- ^ "Life on the border". Bangkok Post online. 8 September 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
- ^ a b "Japan-ESCAP Cooperation Fund - Development of Asian Highway". United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
- ^ a b "Thai-Myanmar bridge opens". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Second Thailand-Myanmar Friendship Bridge to Stimulate Cross-border Trade | Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)". greatermekong.org. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ a b "Land expropriations stall second Thai-Myanmar Friendship Bridge opening". nationthailand. 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Work starts on 2nd Mae Sot bridge". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ a b "Tak's Thai-Myanmar border checkpoint ready for reopening". nationthailand. 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Tak governor lifts lockdown". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ a b "Major land border crossing between Myanmar and Thailand reopens after 3 years". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ "Heavy fighting in Myanmar's Myawaddy township forces closure of border checkpoint in Tak province". The Star. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Myanmar troops retreat to Thai border bridge after days of fighting". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
- ^ "Myanmar Junta Airstrikes Target Myawaddy After Clashes Resume". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ "Friendship Bridge No. 1 between Myawaddy and Mae Sot closed". Mizzima. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ "Thai-Myanmar trade hit after border bridge bombed". nationthailand. 2022-03-17. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Car bomb rocks Myawaddy, putting Mae Sot on security alert". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Mae Sot on high alert after car bomb rocks Myawaddy border". nationthailand. 2022-04-24. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Bombing rocks Thai-Myanmar Friendship Bridge in Mae Sot". nationthailand. 2022-10-16. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Thai authority plans power shutdown to 2 areas in southeastern Myanmar". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ a b "Thai authority cuts electricity to 2 regions in southeastern Myanmar". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Kokko Chinatown project sparks concerns in Tak". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Karen BGF threatens to close Thai-Myanmar bridges as power cut to casino town". nationthailand. 2023-06-05. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ Sidhu, Sandi; Regan, Helen; Olarn, Kocha; Rebane, Teele (2024-04-11). "Myanmar military loses control of key town on Thai border, rebels say, in major win for anti-junta resistance". CNN. Retrieved 2024-09-21.
- ^ "Clashes break out at Thai-Myanmar border between soldiers, armed groups". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-09-21.
- ^ "About 1,300 people from Myanmar flee into Thailand after clashes broke out in a key border town". AP News. 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-09-21.
- ^ Tun, Wai Mar (24 April 2024). "Junta recaptures key border base, but Karen rebels say fight isn't over". Radio Free Asia.
- ^ Phaicharoen, Nontarat (12 April 2024). "Thailand calls for dialogue to end Myanmar conflict peacefully". Benar News.
- ^ "Myanmar's Junta Recaptures Town That Was a Significant Gain for Rebels". The New York Times. 24 April 2024.
- ^ "Thai-Myanmar trade hub reopens after 10 day shutdown for battle". Radio Free Asia. 30 April 2024.
External links
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