Thalictrum

Thalictrum
	Thalictrum flavum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Ranunculales
Family:	Ranunculaceae
Subfamily:	Thalictroideae
Genus:	Thalictrum; Tourn. ex L.
Species
	See text

Thalictrum ( /θəˈlɪktrəm/) is a genus of 120-200 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, native mostly to temperate regions.^[1] Meadow-rue is a common name for plants in this genus.^[2]

Thalictrum is a taxonomically difficult genus with poorly understood species boundaries; it is in need of further taxonomic and field research for clarification.

Despite their common name of "meadow-rue", Thalictrum species are not closely related to the true rue (family Rutaceae), but resemble its members in having compound leaves twice or thrice divided.^[3]^: 120

Description

Meadow-rue leaves are alternate, bipinnately compound, and commonly glaucous blue-green in colour.^{[citation needed]}

The flowers are small and apetalous (no petals), but have numerous long stamens, often brightly white, yellow, pink or pale purple, and are produced in conspicuous dense inflorescences. In some species (e.g. T. chelidonii, T. tuberosum), the sepals are large, brightly coloured and petal-like, but in most they are small and fall when the flower opens or soon after.^{[citation needed]}

Habitat and distribution

Meadow-rues are usually found in shaded or damp locations, with a sub-cosmopolitan range throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere and also south to southern Africa and tropical South America, but absent from Australasia. They are most common in temperate regions of the world; twenty-two species are found in North America.^{[citation needed]}

Ecology

Anemophily (wind pollination) is a characteristic of some members this genus, as seen in Thalictrum fendleri and Thalictrum dioicum. Others, such as Thalictrum sparsiflorum, are entomophilous (pollinated by insects).^[4]

Thalictrum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Setaceous Hebrew Character moth.^{[citation needed]}

Chemical constituents

In addition to alkaloids, Thalictrum species produce many other classes of metabolites, including triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides, hydrocarbons, alcohols with high molecular weight, fatty acids, phenolic compounds and sterols.^[5]^[6]^{[better source needed]} Typical natural products found in this genus are benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as magnoflorine, hernandezine, and the structurally related alkaloid berberine.^{[citation needed]}

Selected species

Thalictrum alpinum – alpine meadow-rue
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – greater meadow-rue
Thalictrum chelidonii
Thalictrum cooleyi – Cooley's meadow-rue
Thalictrum coreanum
Thalictrum clavatum - mountain meadow-rue
Thalictrum dasycarpum
Thalictrum delavayi – Chinese meadow-rue
Thalictrum dioicum – early meadow-rue
Thalictrum fendleri – Fendler's meadow-rue
Thalictrum filamentosum
Thalictrum flavum – yellow or common meadow-rue
Thalictrum glaucum
Thalictrum heliophilum – cathedral meadow-rue
Thalictrum kiusianum – Kyushu meadow-rue, dwarf meadow-rue
Thalictrum minus – lesser meadow-rue
Thalictrum occidentale – western meadow-rue
Thalictrum pubescens
Thalictrum revolutum - waxyleaf meadow-rue
Thalictrum rochebruneanum – lavender mist meadow-rue
Thalictrum sparsiflorum – fewflower meadow-rue
Thalictrum thalictroides – rue-anemone (syn. Anemonella thalictroides)
Thalictrum tuberosum
Thalictrum urbainii

Cultivation

Thalictrum species are valued as ornamental garden plants, with their sprays of flowers in delicate shades. The following cultivars, with mixed or unknown parents, have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

'Black Stockings'^[7]
'Elin'^[8]
'Splendide White' (Fr21034)^[9]
'Tukker Princess'^[10]

Gallery

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium
Thalictrum chelidonii
Thalictrum coreanum
Thalictrum dasycarpum
Thalictrum delavayi flowers
Early meadow-rue (Thalictrum dioicum)
Thalictrum filamentosum
Thalictrum flavum leaves
Thalictrum glaucum flowers
Thalictrum kiusianum
Female flowers of Thalictrum occidentale
Thalictrum rochebrunnianum
Rue-anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Thalictrum tuberosum
Thalictrum urbainii

References

^ Park, Marilyn M.; Festerling Jr., Dennis (1997). "Thalictrum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Thalictrum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
^ Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707725.
^ Steven, Janet; Waller, Donald (2004). "Reproductive alternatives to insect pollination in four species of Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae)". Plant Species Biology. 19 (2): 73–80. doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2004.00103.x. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
^ Khamidullina, Elena A.; Gromova, Alexandra S.; Lutsky, Vladislav I.; Owen, Noel L. (2006). "Natural products from medicinal plants: non-alkaloidal natural constituents of the Thalictrum species". Natural Product Reports. 23 (1): 117–129. doi:10.1039/b504014k. ISSN 0265-0568. PMID 16453035.
^ Khamidullina, Elena A.; Gromova, Alexandra S.; Lutsky, Vladislav I.; Owen, Noel L. (2006). "Natural products from medicinal plants: non-alkaloidal natural constituents of the Thalictrum species". ChemInform. 37 (22). doi:10.1002/chin.200622292. ISSN 0931-7597.
^ "Thalictrum 'Black Stockings'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
^ "Thalictrum 'Elin'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
^ "Thalictrum, 'Splendide White' = 'Fr21034'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
^ "Thalictrum 'Tukker Princess'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

[1] Park, Marilyn M.; Festerling Jr., Dennis (1997). "Thalictrum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

[2] USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Thalictrum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 December 2015.

[Stace-3] Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707725.

[4] Steven, Janet; Waller, Donald (2004). "Reproductive alternatives to insect pollination in four species of Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae)". Plant Species Biology. 19 (2): 73–80. doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2004.00103.x. Retrieved 6 December 2018.

[Kham-5] Khamidullina, Elena A.; Gromova, Alexandra S.; Lutsky, Vladislav I.; Owen, Noel L. (2006). "Natural products from medicinal plants: non-alkaloidal natural constituents of the Thalictrum species". Natural Product Reports. 23 (1): 117–129. doi:10.1039/b504014k. ISSN 0265-0568. PMID 16453035.

[Khamid-6] Khamidullina, Elena A.; Gromova, Alexandra S.; Lutsky, Vladislav I.; Owen, Noel L. (2006). "Natural products from medicinal plants: non-alkaloidal natural constituents of the Thalictrum species". ChemInform. 37 (22). doi:10.1002/chin.200622292. ISSN 0931-7597.

[7] "Thalictrum 'Black Stockings'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

[8] "Thalictrum 'Elin'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

[9] "Thalictrum, 'Splendide White' = 'Fr21034'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

[10] "Thalictrum 'Tukker Princess'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

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