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The Beano

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This article is about the comics magazine. For other topics, see Beano (disambiguation).

The Beano
The Beano issue 1678, cover dated 14 September 1974, the first appearance of Dennis the Menace and Gnasher on the front cover.
Chief-EditorJohn Anderson
Former editorsSee list
Staff writersSee list
CategoriesAnthology comic, Children's humour
FrequencyWeekly
FounderR. D. Low
First issue30 July 1938; 86 years ago (1938-07-30)
CompanyDC Thomson
CountryUnited Kingdom
Based inDundee, Scotland
LanguageEnglish
Websitebeano.com
OCLC28686914

The Beano (formerly The Beano Comic) is a British anthology comic magazine created by Scottish publishing company DC Thomson. Its first issue was published on 30 July 1938,[1] and it published its 4000th issue in August 2019.[2] Popular and well-known comic strips and characters include Dennis the Menace, Minnie the Minx, The Bash Street Kids, Roger the Dodger, Billy Whizz, Lord Snooty and His Pals, Ivy the Terrible, General Jumbo, Jonah, and Biffo the Bear.

The Beano was planned as a pioneering children's magazine that contained mostly comic strips, in the style of American newspaper gag-a-days, as opposed to the more text story based Story papers that were immensely popular before the Second World War. In the present, its legacy is its misbehaving characters, escapist tales and anarchic humour with an audience of all ages. Beano is a multimedia franchise with spin-off books and Christmas annuals, a website, theme park rides, games, cartoon adaptations, and a production company.

The Beano is the best-selling comic magazine outside Japan, having sold over 2 billion copies since its inception, and is the world’s longest-running comic magazine, having been run on a weekly basis since 1938, alongside its sister comic The Dandy until 2012.[3][4]

It has had three characters as the mascot throughout the years: Big Eggo (1938–1948), Biffo the Bear (1948–1974), and the current, Dennis the Menace and Gnasher (1974–present).

History

[edit]

Creation (1920s–1939)

[edit]

Throughout the 1920s, DC Thomson dominated the British comics industry. Dubbed "the big five", the publisher's most successful comics were Adventure (1921),[5] The Rover and The Wizard (1922),[6][7] The Skipper (1930)[8] and The Hotspur (1933).[9][Note 1] These were weekly issued boys' magazines for preteen males, containing anthologies by DC Thomson's creator staff designed in various formats and genres. They became popular throughout the United Kingdom, notably in English industrial cities,[10] helped through the company's ability to view sales and promotions in the areas much more easily than the rival publishers in London.[11] Although many were about "super men" the young readers could idolise,[12] the rest of the stories would be comic strips inspired by the gag-a-day strips in American newspapers full of stylised characters, slapstick and puns.

Overseeing the magazines was the Managing Editor of Children's Publications, R. D. Low, who first joined the company in 1913.[13] Almost a decade into the big five's success, the stories shifted to comedic and included more comic strips,[14] which gave Low an idea of creating a new "big five" which focused on the funnies more than drama. The suggestion was approved; editors Bill Blain and (sub-editor) Albert Barnes of The Wizard and The Hotspur, respectively, joined Low's project.[15] The new team placed a newspaper advertisement into The Daily Telegraph[Note 2] asking for artists and/or comic ideas.[16] With the help of the advertisement responses and employed artists at DC Thomson, The Dandy was published in 1937,[17] the New Big Five's first member.[15] For The Beano (initially called "The Beano Comic" until issue 412),[18] Low received comic strip suggestions by Reg Carter, an English illustrator in Sussex who had created funnies for several British comics and designed humorous postcards.[16] After an in-person interview, Low and Carter planned the front cover for The Beano's first issue, eventually creating the character Big Eggo (originally named Oswald the Ostrich).[19] It would be in colour whilst the inside of the magazine would be black and white,[Note 3] a tactic used for The Dandy's first issue (black and white stories inside, colourful Korky the Cat strip on the front).[20] Joining the Big Eggo strip would be many funnies, such as Hugh McNeill's Ping the Elastic Man, James Jewell's Wee Peem, Allan Morley's Big Fat Joe, Eric Roberts' Rip Van Wink, Dudley D. Watkins' Lord Snooty and His Pals, and Roland Davies' Contrary Mary.[21] Despite the aim to make a new comic series full of American-inspired comic strips, The Beano also contained short stories, serial fiction and adventure stories similar to the Big Five's magazines; Morgyn the Mighty was previously in The Rover.[22] Tin-Can Tommy and Brave Captain Kipper were reprints, co-produced by the Italian art agency Torelli Bros.[21]

Worth 2d with a free prize of a "whoopee mask", issue 1 of The Beano was released on 26 July 1938 for the 30th,[1] selling roughly 443,000 copies.[23] Like The Dandy, its name is from a Low-led DC Thomson office party called The DB Club (The Dandy Beano Club).[15] DC Thomson had several office party clubs that hosted different types of staff gatherings to choose from (e.g. The Prancers would hike hills), but Low's DB Club preferred playing golf and dining throughout Dundee. The two magazines also followed the one-word titles of other comics by rival companies, such as Amalgamated Press' Crackers,[24] Sparkler,[25] Puck[26] and some books from its Union Jack series (The Marvel, The Magnet and The Gem);[27] and Target Publications' Chuckler, Rattler and Dazzler.[15] Beano editor-in-chief was George Moonie, former sub-editor of The Wizard, who would be editor until the summer of 1959.[28] He later explained DC Thomson was a competitive company that wanted to make the best children's literature in the United Kingdom, but there was also competition within itself as Beano offices was determined to beat The Dandy's popularity.[28]

World War Two, reaching million sales (1939–1945)

[edit]

Drastic changes occurred behind the scenes of The Beano during the Second World War: George Moonie and editing partner Ron Fraser left to join the Royal Marines and Air Force respectively, both not returning until c. 1946.[29] Stuart Gilchrist became sole editor-in-chief after Moonie's other sub-editor Freddie Simpson became ill and resigned. Contact was also lost with Torelli Bros. so in-house creations of Tin-Can Tommy began from issue 69 by Sam Fair.[30] Paper rationing caused the rest of Low's New Big Five to be cancelled[13] (it stopped at three published, the third member being The Magic Comic (1939), which ended with 80 issues in 1941),[31] and The Beano to fluctuate its page count instead of its usual 28.[Note 4] Eventually, The Beano became a fortnightly magazine (alternating with The Dandy comic) until 23 July 1949.[35]

Comic strips would encourage readers to help their parents and other adults with the war effort, and to be optimistic about the war's outcome. New comic strips mocked Mussolini[36] and propagandist William Joyce,[37] Lord Snooty and His Pals stories would be about the protagonists outsmarting the Axis leaders,[Note 5] and other stories would be about characters recycling paper.[38] Big Eggo front covers were often about Eggo pranking servicemen during the Blitz,[39] and Pansy Potter received a medal for single-handedly capturing a Nazi U-boat.[40][41] Issue 192 would debut a 16-part prose story about a boy and his mother being evacuated to the United States and becoming the enemy of a Chicago gangster's widow.[42]

Issues published weekly every Tuesday in 1938,[Note 6][43] and when the magazine changed distribution to every two weeks, the day remained unchanged.[44] From issue 366, the day changed to Friday until issue 375 which began the Thursday publication day schedule.[35]

Post-war changes (1945–1988)

[edit]

December 1945 marked a milestone: issue 272 became the first Beano issue to sell over a million copies.[45] The end of the war also ushered in a new era for the comic, debuting superhero Jack Flash,[46] the debut of Biffo the Bear as new cover star and a new generation of trouble-making kids: Dennis the Menace,[47] Minnie the Minx,[48] The Bash Street Kids,[49] and Roger the Dodger.[50] DC Thomson also introduced new comic magazines like The Beezer[51] and The Topper[52] that a few Beano artists also created characters and stories for.[53]

After the war saw a drift away from text stories and adventure comics, with the last text story published in 1955; adventure comics lasted longer with 1975 being the last year to feature them as General Jumbo's eighth series drew to a close in issue 1734.[54]

George Moonie resigned as editor-in-chief in 1959 to develop comics for girls.[28] Sub-editor of The Beezer Harry Cramond succeeded Moonie until retiring in 1984, described as the most influential editor in The Beano's history.[55] He oversaw new merchandising, high sales,[56][Note 7] and the thousandth[59] and two thousandth issues.[60] DC Thomson's Beano offices featured on documentary television and Cramond's successor Euan Kerr guest-starred on television for the magazine's 50th anniversary.[61]

Move to full colour (1988–present)

[edit]
Further information: § Merchandise

The Beano began to advertise outside of DC Thomson's products in 1988 in order to keep both it and The Dandy "pocket money" cheap,[62] beginning with issue 2407.[63] Issue 2674 in 1993 was the first issue to feature every page in colour.[64]

A notable revamp was the 50th birthday issue, which had an abnormally larger page count with more coloured sections and printed on wider sheets. A decade later, issues gained eight extra pages with computer-based art. In the 21st century, there were seven changes within a five-year span: logo updates, fonts assigned for certain design roles,[Note 8] and the magazine started using glossy paper.

From issue 3442 in 2008 (and as of 2020), the day the comic was released was changed to Wednesday.[65][66][67][68][69][70]

Outside of the magazine, Beano's brand expanded into a multimedia franchise. Theme park tie-ins, a website, spin-off magazines, and animated television programmes starring the popular comic characters (several for Dennis the Menace) became common, keeping The Beano in popular culture. The turn of the millennium began a sales decline and led to friendly rival The Dandy being discontinued in 2012. Eventually, The Beano recovered after the creation of its magazine subscription service, which also shipped internationally.

Stories

[edit]
Further information: List of Beano comic strips
Panel 11 of issue 272's Jimmy and His Magic Patch story: drawing of a schoolboy in his school uniform standing by the front window of a pet shop, looking sympathetically at mice playing with a spinning hamster wheel inside the shop. Underneath is a paragraph explaining he had travelled back to the present and is telling the mice playing with the wheel "I know how you feel!"
Jimmy and his Magic Patch was a popular text comic adventure that would have eight series (three of them reprints) between 1944 and 1959.[71]

Plots and dialogue are written into a script by an (often) uncredited DC Thomson writer, a formerly common practice for DC Thomson magazines.[72] Uncredited artists assigned to a strip(s) will design all its stories into a "series" that the chief editor will arrange into an order to publish for each issue.[73][74] Strips are sometimes ghostwritten by other artists who imitate the original designer's style,[75] which is helpful if artists retire or die unexpectedly, otherwise the strip is discontinued.[76] "When I started I was drawing two pages a week and thinking 'Phew, that's quite a lot'. Now I do 10 or 12 pages a week. You have to do more all the time to stay where you are," explained Nigel Parkinson.[77] From March 2016, authors and illustrators are now credited in issues.[78]

There have been over a thousand stories throughout the magazine's history told through various ways. Since November 1975,[79] the magazine has contained only comic strips in the style of American newspaper "funnies", but it began with other genres. The last genre to leave Beano was adventure stories: short tales eleven-pictures long in text comics format. The stories were either dramatic or dramedies, but heavily featured hobbies and interests young boys had (war and the military,[80][81][82][83] hunting, sailing,[84][85][86][87] jungle men).[88][89] They also stood out because the illustrations of backgrounds, animals and human characters were photorealistic. Although artists like Dudley D. Watkins drew for a few series, the most prolific illustrator was Irish artist Paddy Brennan, who notably drew for The Daring Deeds of Sinbad the Sailor, Red Rory of the Eagles[90] and General Jumbo in the 1950s.[91] Comic adventure stories were a hybrid: adventure stories presented as a comic strip.

Prose stories were a page of text with an illustration at the top. Some stories were about animals with artwork by former Big Five illustrator[92] Richard "Toby" Baines,[93][94] but the longest-running prose character in the magazine's history was Prince Ivor, who first starred in Follow the Secret Hand.[95] The last prose story to appear was Ace From Space in 1955.[96]

Although comic strips have featured in The Beano since issue 1, their contents has changed throughout. Anthropomorphic animals were common stars that would partake in human activities,[97][93][98] and the punchlines occurred from the failures to do so. Misbehaving children showed most popular with Lord Snooty and His Pals becoming the first longest-running strip when it concluded in 1991, but the most well known that continue to appear in issues are Dennis the Menace, Minnie the Minx, The Bash Street Kids, and Roger the Dodger. Some adult-starring characters also misbehaved but they were usually portrayed as incompetent, notably Jonah. In the late 20th century, merging comic strip characters in the same vicinity became common in the franchise, such as the video game Beanotown Racing, but characters living together in "Beanotown" became a prominent feature of comic strips into the present.[99][100][Note 9]

Due to the initial target audience of The Beano being schoolboys, masculine interests, hobbies, and values dominated issues constantly. Aside from aforementioned adventure stories and comedic characters, there were cowboys,[101][102][103] aliens,[104][96][46] kings,[95] the supernatural,[105][106] fantasy creatures[107] (and talking animals), and men whose lifestyle[108] or jobs[109] require physical strength (despite the story making their careers incidental). The Beano alternated between mocking or idolising these characters through story formats; wealthy characters causing mischief, caring about their families[95] or being shown underprivileged lives made the working-class audience relate and sympathise with them.[110] Female characters were usually supporting a male character, joint protagonist with a male character,[111][112][113] or the antagonist. Prose stories starring girls and women were about the protagonist searching out the truth to a secret, usually over a friend's/family disappearance,[114][115][116] or they were witches cursing or tormenting the male protagonists.[117][118] Female comic characters were also in supporting roles with or join-protagonist with a male character, but the starring characters notably had binary stereotypical traits: drawn as tall and flowy, Swanky, Lanky Liz is obsessed with fashion and makeup and acts vain and snobbish, whereas Pansy Potter, Minnie the Minx and Toots from The Bash Street Kids share the round-faced and snub-nosed art style of the boys in their stories and are unruly tomboys (in Pansy Potter's case, showcases the strength she inherited from her father). Non-White characters starred in their stories either set in Africa,[119] Asia,[120] or South America, or were about the character adapting to a new life in the United Kingdom.[121]

Stories used to vary in length and layout, but in 2012, The Beano debuted a chapter called Funsize Funnies where shorter comic strips shared some pages. In some instances, these extremely short strips were brand new (Stunt Gran, BamBeanos, BSK CCTV,[122] Gnash Gnews,[123] Winston), but others were tiny reboots of older comic strips that the new audience could not recall reading before. Quiet reboots included Simply Smiffy (cancelled 1987),[124][125] Rasher (cancelled 1995),[124][126] Little Plum (cancelled 2007),[127][128] Les Pretend (cancelled 2007),[129][130] Baby Face Finlayson (cancelled 2005),[131][132] Biffo the Bear (cancelled 1999),[131] Pansy Potter (cancelled 1993),[131] and Lord Snooty (cancelled 1991).[133][134]

Crossovers

[edit]
See also: Classics from the Comics
The 80th-anniversary comic memorably features characters from the first issue and the rest of 1938. Left to right: Wee Peem, Tin-Can Tommy, Pansy Potter, Lord Snooty, and Big Fat Joe.

The Beano allows its characters from different strips to interact with each other. Reprinting old stories or redistributing characters into other magazines is common throughout DC Thomson's history, as if the stories are set in the same universe. The Lord Snooty series discontinued old characters and replaced them with Beano strip characters of the past;[135] Dennis the Menace featured in DC Thomson's Champ magazine in the mid-1980s and The Weekly News tabloid-magazine for four years in the 1950s.[136] Morgyn the Mighty,[137] Tricky Dicky,[138] Bananaman[139] and Corporal Clott were stories previously from The Rover,[22] The Topper,[140] Nutty[141] and The Dandy,[142] respectively, whereas one of Gnasher's puppies had her own strip in The Beezer and Topper[143] and Jackie magazine.[144]

Anniversary issues

[edit]

Along with guest editors, anniversary issues are frequently contained with crossovers. The 2000th issue had the "Hall of Fame" strip which showed framed portraits of characters from the past,[60] and issue 3443's Fred's Bed featured Fred crawling under his bed and time travelling through the magazine's comic strips.[145][146] For the 80th anniversary, issue 3945 was guest edited by actor-turned children's author David Walliams and had a large crossover story about Bash Street School opening the Beanotown's 1938 time capsule and discovering a map, which leads to robots and a giant tentacle monster breaking out to attack the residents. There was also a flashback panel of the time capsule being sealed which featured a handful of comic strip characters from the first issue, later helping the present day characters discover how to defeat the tentacle monster, named Simon.[147] Issue 4000's crossover was a time travel story where the Beanotown characters of the present helped their future selves save the world.[2]

Creators

[edit]

Chief Editor history

[edit]

As of 2020, there have been seven official chief editors:[148][149][150]

  • George Moonie (1938–1939, c. 1946–1959)
  • Harold Cramond (1959–1984)
  • Euan Kerr (1984–2006)
  • Alan Digby (2006–2011)
  • Michael Stirling (2011–2012)
  • Craig Graham (2012–2016)
  • John Anderson (2016–present)[Note 10]

Temporary chief editors:

Notable artists

[edit]

Merchandise

[edit]
The now-defunct Beanoland at Chessington World of Adventures in the UK.

From the first issue, readers have received free gifts from The Beano: toy masks,[1][168] sweets,[169][170][171] posters,[172] and toys.[173][174] Originally, free gifts would be attached inside the cover or strategically on the front so that it could distract the buyer from other comics next to The Beano on the shelves, hopefully excited for the next issue after reading it and eating/playing with the toys.[175] Gifts were intentionally sporadic, especially during the Christmas period when families' money would be saved for food and presents.[175] Issue 90[176] would be the last issue with a gift (licorice "black eye")[32] due to rationing, the next free gift being the Flying Snorter Balloon in issue 953.[177][178] The most popular free gift was issue 2201's Gnasher Snapper,[179] a prank toy that would make a bang sound when unfolded, and was re-gifted occasionally in later issues, as well as the 60th anniversary.[180]

During the 25th anniversary of Dennis the Menace, The Dennis the Menace Fan Club was formed. The fan club was instantly popular, recalls Euan Kerr in 1984; "The club enrolled over 2000 new members every week, well into the 90s[.]"[181] Membership was 30p, and new members received a membership card full of classified communication tactics and two badges: a red one with Dennis' face on the front[182] and a furry one of a googly-eyed Gnasher face—the latter was the most sought-after badge in the club's history.[181] For two years, there was a tie-in agony aunt page called Dear Dennis (issue 1679–1767) where fan club members sent Dennis their problems that Dennis would reply to in the following issue; thousands of letters would arrive at DC Thomson per week and the authors of the messages would receive prizes.[183] The club would be renamed The Beano Club, which ended in 2010, but had over 1.5 million members.[182][184] A spin-off was introduced called Gnasher's Fang Club, and Gnasher would ask readers to send him stories about their pets' adventures which could be printed into the next issue. "The mailbag of little drawings of pets was several thousand per week," remembers sub-editor Morris Heggie. "And the popularity lasted and lasted."[181]

The 21st century celebrated anniversaries with more memorabilia. For The Beano's 70th birthday, DC Thomson published The Beano Special Collectors Edition: 70 Years of Fun (2008),[185] and The History of The Beano (2008) was published by Waverly Books, both documenting the magazine's history; two exhibitions at the University of Dundee (Happy Birthday, Beano!) and The Cartoon Museum (Beano and Dandy Birthday Bash!) showed the public private DC Thomson artwork and the history of the magazine.[186][187] For 2018, readers could buy a box for the 80th anniversary containing posters, reprints of selected older issues, and two books updating the previous documentation of the magazine's history,[188] as well as Minnie the Minx's origins.[188][189] Both anniversaries had tie-in museum exhibitions that also told their audiences the magazine's history.[190][191] Limited-edition figurines from Robert Harrop were available to buy from their official website in late 2008.[192] The 21st century also began Beano's branching into different mediums: their first website, Beanotown.com, formed in 2000,[193] and Chessington World of Adventures opened Beanoland in the same year.[194] Both would later discontinue but Beanotown.com would be revamped as beano.com, a website full of games, Beano secrets and other activities for children. Gulliver's Travels opened the Beano 6 Super Ride in May 2021.[195] The Beano was also the face of the United Kingdom's 2018 Summer Reading Challenge, called Mischief Makers,[196] which included a special Dennis the Menace novel tie-in called Dennis the Menace and the Chamber of Mischief by Beano artist Nigel Auchterlounie.[99] The Dennis the Menace Fan Club was re-launched as a phone app, rebranded as The Dennis and Gnasher Fan Club, and allowed readers free membership, printable badges, and pranks.[197] On television, the Sky Kids show SO Beano! aired;[198] a TV show with special guests, children presenters, and fun and games,[199] in a similar style to Friday Download and Scrambled!

Annuals

[edit]

The first Beano annual hardcover book was published as far back as 1939, a year after the first weekly comic was published. In 2018, it was estimated that an original first issue Beano annual in relatively good condition could fetch between £1,200 to £1,500.[200]

Spin-off comics

[edit]

Comic libraries

[edit]
Main article: Fun Size Comics

Since 1982 the comic, along with The Dandy, has also run "Comic Library" titles. Released monthly, these titles are a feature-length (usually about 64-page) adventure, featuring a character from the comic itself. They are available in A5 size only. In 1998, these were replaced by the Fun Size Beano. Fun Size Comics were discontinued in late 2010.

Beano Specials

[edit]

The comic also ran A4-sized Beano Specials in 1987 with full coloured pages, which later were replaced by Beano Superstars which ran for 121 issues from 1992 to 2002. These were similar to the Comic Library series. Some of the last issues were printed versions of episodes from the 1996–1998 Dennis and Gnasher animated TV series. A Beano Poster Comic series was also printed in the early 1990s.

The Beano Specials returned in 2003, and are now published seasonally. The issues were numbered, and the first one was a Dennis and Friends special, the last a Christmas reprint special. These were replaced by BeanoMAX in early 2007.

BeanoMAX

[edit]
Main article: EPIC Magazine

On 15 February 2007, the first issue of a monthly comic entitled BeanoMAX was published. The sister comic features many of the same characters; however, the stories in BeanoMAX are written in a longer format meant for 10- to 13-year-olds. The first issue was a Comic Relief special featuring assorted celebrity guests. The magazine has been rebranded several times since 2013, and is currently known as EPIC Magazine.

Plug

[edit]
Main article: Plug (comics)

Plug was a comic based on the eponymous character from The Bash Street Kids that began with issue dated 24 September 1977, and is notable for being the first comic to make use of rotogravure printing. The magazine similar in style to I.P.C's Krazy which had started the previous year. It contained uncharacteristically outlandish material for D C. Thomson, as well as later including celebrity appearances in the comic.

The comic revealed Plug's full name to be Percival Proudfoot Plugsley and also gave him a pet monkey by the name of Chumkee. Plug's strip was mostly drawn by Vic Neill but other artists, including Dave Gudgeon drew some later strips. Other strips included Antchester United, Violent Elizabeth, Eebagoom, Hugh's Zoo and D'ye Ken John Squeal and his Hopeless Hounds.

The venture was unsuccessful, in part because the comic cost 9p, with the Beano at the time only costing 4p and most of its rivals priced similarly. It merged with The Beezer on 24 February 1979.

Dennis and Gnasher

[edit]

The brand new Dennis and Gnasher was launched separately from The Beano in September 2009. It coincided with their new cartoon on CBBC of the same name.

BeanOLD

[edit]

44-page special issue 4062, with cover date 21 November 2020, during a lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic had an eight-page adult pullout named BeanOLD, with cartoons poking fun at British politicians such as Boris Johnson and Dominic Cummings, and with appearances by Greta Thunberg, Captain Tom, and footballer Marcus Rashford. The slogan was "2020 has been tough. So tough that even grown-ups need Beano".[100][201]

Beano Studios

[edit]
Further information: Beano Studios

In June 2016, DC Thomson launched Beano Studios,[202][203] a spin-off media studio based in London and Dundee, to create media for children and expand The Beano franchise. The launch was marked in The Beano issue 3854, featuring a new cover design, updated logo, and the introduction of the website beano.com.[204]

Michael Stirling, former chief editor, returned as head of the Dundee studio,[202] with Jodie Morris, James Neal, Nigel Pickard, and Emma Scott joining in key roles.[205][206] The website beano.com offers games, news, videos, and content that appeals to children and nostalgic parents alike, drawing over two million annual visitors. This online presence contributed to a 10% rise in comic sales by 2018.

Beano Studios quickly expanded its reach with the popular CBBC series Dennis & Gnasher: Unleashed! in 2017, which aired in over 90 countries and earned an International Emmy nomination. Building on this success, Beano Studios pursued new projects including a live-action Minnie the Minx show, another Dennis the Menace adaptation, and a Bananaman cartoon in collaboration with Fox Entertainment.

Reception and legacy

[edit]
Beano stamp issued by Royal Mail in 2012.

The Beano was an instant success upon release, and became the longest-running, weekly-issued comic of all time in 2018.[207] Although interest in comic magazines dwindled, it survived surrounding setbacks. In the 1950s, it (and The Dandy) were unaffected by DC Thomson's magazine cancellations (selling over 100 million per year)[208] that were caused by both paper rationing and public lack of interest.[209] Alan Digby's attempt to boost sales with the 8-week "Missing Gnasher"[210] plot in Dennis the Menace failed,[144] but the story featured in newspapers and on radio broadcasts, causing people of all ages to contact Beano offices to voice their concerns.[211] Roughly 31,000–41,000 copies are sold per week in the present day,[212][213] but an estimated 2 billion Beano comic magazines have been sold in its lifetime.[214] A 1997 television poll by the National Comics Awards selected it for the Best British Comic Ever award.[129] Dennis the Menace would represent the comic when Royal Mail launched a special stamp collection in 2012, celebrating Britain's rich comic book history.[215] The Dandy, Eagle, The Topper, Roy of the Rovers, Bunty, Buster, Valiant, Twinkle and 2000 AD were also featured.[215]

Like The Dandy, The Beano is a definitive part of British pop culture. "It's refreshing to see how the [zany] principles that made it such a hit all those years ago have remained to this day." writes Coventry Evening Telegraph.[216] Beano annuals are the most popular Christmas annual sold,[217] and old issues sell for thousands at auctions.[218][219] Lord Snooty is often used as a pejorative in British politics.[220][221] DC Thomson considers the 1950s Beano's golden age[222] possibly because of many commemorations based on the strips that first appeared from that decade: Dennis became the literal and metaphorical mascot of the magazine, his increasing popularity making him the last consistent cover star[223] and his strips spawning three BBC animated adaptations; Minnie and the Bash Street Kids have a statue and a street named after the strip, respectively.[224][225][226][227] The "anarchic" humour is credited as the key to the magazine's longevity,[228][229] as well as its refusal to be condescending to its readers: "The Beano may have changed since the '30s but has always maintained its anti-authoritarian stance and steadfast refusal to treat children like idiots," theorised Morris Heggie.[208]

My British-born grandparents made sure they passed down an important part of their culture by giving out Beano Annuals every year. I grew up on Beanos and Dandys in 1970s Canada, and become one of my country's leading kids' cartoonists, writing and drawing for Chickadee magazines and annuals, and creating a weekly comic strip for the Toronto Star. I'm forever in debt to the lowbrow lessons gleaned from Dennis and his ilk.

The magazine is cited as an inspiration to many readers. Beano artists Emily McGorman-Bruce, Zoom Rockman, Jess Bradley, and Barrie Appleby were avid readers of the magazine and/or its annuals before they became creators of its new strips.[230][231][232] Meanwhile, The Beano inspired comic artists Jay Stephens,[230] Carolyn Edwards (Titan Comics) and webcomic creator Sarah Millman (NPC Tea, The Heart of Time) to either work in the creative industry or create their own stories.[232] Alan Moore theorised the magazine influenced numerous British comic artists into reimagining American comics in the 1980s by pioneering the Dark Age.[233] Guest chief-editors Nick Park, David Walliams,[234] Joe Sugg,[235] and Harry Hill are also fans of The Beano, with Park admitting "My dream job was always to work on The Beano and it's such an honour for me to be Guest Editor[.]"[236]

Notable famous members of the old Dennis the Menace/Beano Club include Auberon Waugh, Mike Read, and Mark Hamill,[237] as well as honorary members Paul Gascoigne, and Princes William and Harry.[238] Chris Tarrant cited Dennis as his role model when he was a child,[238] and Paul Rudd[239] revealed Roger the Dodger was his favourite strip.[240] Stella McCartney created tribute fashion to both The Beano and The Dandy, explaining they were "a huge part of my childhood" and wanted to celebrate "the next generation of Beano fans with a sustainable and practical range for kids who still share that ‘Beano’ spirit of these iconic characters".[241] In music pop culture, the album Blues Breakers with Eric Clapton is nicknamed "The Beano Album" because Eric Clapton is holding issue 1242[242] on its cover.[243]

Audience participation

[edit]

Interaction with the audience is a historic practice in The Beano's history. Excluding fan clubs and merchandise, Comic Idol is a sporadic election in which readers vote for their favourite strips to keep in the magazine.[76] Cancelled strips with the least votes include Little Plum, Baby Face Finlayson, Les Pretend,[Note 11] Calamity James,[Note 11] Crazy for Daisy, and Lord Snooty.[Note 11] Super School and Meebo and Zuky were nominees who won polls and became official strips in the following issues.[244][245] Readers would find a voting slip covered with the candidates printed in an issue that they would fill out and mail to DC Thomson, but the creation of Beano's websites would allow real-time opinions from readers.[76] Pets' Picture Gallery invited readers to send drawings of their pets to feature in the following issue.[246]

Readers participated in the magazine's record-breaking stunts. In 1988, 100 children helped Euan Kerr and Beano scriptwriter Al Bernard recreate the front cover of issue 2396 on Scarborough Beach with Hann-Made Productions.[247] It was awarded the Largest Comic Strip at 39950 square feet.[247] Beano's 2018 comic competition to celebrate the opening of V&A Dundee was awarded the biggest competition to finish a comic strip with 650 participants.[248]

Along with Nick Park's guest editor issue, the 70th anniversary coincided with Gnashional Menace Day, a CLIC Sargent-partnered event where readers could be sponsored "behaving like Dennis" for charity.[229]

Controversy

[edit]

The Beano has had a few controversies throughout its lifetime, but aspects have either been discontinued, phased out or changed to not cause offence. Its infamous changes are the removal of corporal punishment (e.g. Dennis the Menace often depicted receiving bottom spanks with a slipper by his furious father)[249] and misbehaving characters abandoning slingshots—the latter irritating former readers for being a "politically correct" notion, usually highlighted with claim "Dennis has lost his menace".[250][251][252][253]

Peanut stands to the masthead's left holding a slice of watermelon.[254]

Racist depictions and terminology have been removed through the years as well. Little Plum's sub-title "Your redskin chum"[255] was not included in its 2002 revival.[256] The first masthead character was a caricatured design of a black boy named Peanut, mascot of the Little Peanut's Page of Fun joke page (appeared from issues 1 to 112),[257][258] usually eating watermelon. His last masthead feature was in December 1947, but subsequent reprints of the first issues have removed him.[259] Hard-Nut the Nigger[260] and Musso the Wop[36] have not had reprints since their last appearances, the latter being printed during World War II when Britain was at war with Fascist Italy.[Note 12]

Some changes were to not convince readers bullying was acceptable. Dennis and Gnasher's constant targeting of passive, diligent Walter "the Softy" (who was also a knitting and flower-picking hobbyist)[262] was accused of encouraging playground homophobia, so it was toned down. Walter was also rewritten to be a bit less soft, becoming more antagonistic and stood up to Dennis sometimes, eventually having his first girlfriend.[216] Fatty from the Bash Street Kids was renamed Freddy (his real name) in 2021, causing backlash from former readers, including then government minister Jacob Rees-Mogg who accused the change of being "publicity-seeking".[263][264] Former chief-editor Mike Stirling explained it was due to fan letters from young readers asking why he was nicknamed so: "although it's always been used affectionately, and never pejoratively, we agreed it's time it changed."[265] A News of the World report contained accusations of Uh Oh, Si Co! encouraging readers to mock children with anger issues or mental illness, which caused the strip to be cancelled.[74]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Original contender was 1924's The Vanguard, which discontinued two years later.
  2. ^ The Daily Telegraph had a reputation of being the best news source to find the artist jobs in the world.
  3. ^ Wee Peem also had slight red colouring.
  4. ^ 28 pages stopped at issue 62 in October 1939, which was 24 pages long.[29] Then page count dropped to 22 in issue 98, 20 at issue 101, and 18 in issue 120.[32] The lowest page count was issue 326's 10.[33][34]
  5. ^ Moonie, who returned from the war a Captain once in charge of an assault craft at D-Day, would tell David Puttman he believed Lord Snooty did more for the war than him.[28]
  6. ^ The date of the Saturday of that week is written on the front.[1]
  7. ^ The Beano eventually passed The Dandy's sales by 100,000 copies.[57] but both magazines sometimes sold up to four million issues per week.[58]
  8. ^ New headline fonts were introduced (CCZoinks), circa 2007; the balloon font was also changed to Cloudsplitter by Blambot.
  9. ^ Notably, Lord Snooty lives in Bunkerton, General Jumbo lives in Dinchester, Billy the Cat lives in Burnham, etc. Lord Snooty's returns in the 21st century retcons Bunkerton as a district in Beanotown.
  10. ^ Anderson, born in England, is the first non-Scottish editor for the magazine.[151]
  11. ^ a b c Although discontinued in 2007,[76] the strips would later return to the magazine.
  12. ^ Mussolini the Wop's example reprint in The History of The Beano has "Wop" conspicuously hidden underneath a drawing of war planes flying past the Leaning Tower of Pisa.[261]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Moonie, George, ed. (30 July 1938). "The Beano". The Beano Comic. No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 26 July 1938).
  2. ^ a b Anderson, John, ed. (31 August 2019). "The Fight For the Future is On!". Beano. No. 4000. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 28 August 2019).
  3. ^ "Dandy owner DC Thomson to end comic's printed edition". BBC News. 16 August 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  4. ^ Fraser-Nash, Alex (6 August 2021). "BEANO: The World's Most Collectible Comic?". Collectology. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  5. ^ "Lively, Healthy and Up-to-date". Adventure. No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. 17 September 1921.
  6. ^ "Great New Paper: The Rover". The Rover. No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. 4 March 1922.
  7. ^ "Something absolutely new hand-coloured real photos for FREE". The Wizard. No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. 23 September 1922.
  8. ^ "No. 1 of the great new story paper for BOYS". The Skipper. No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. 6 September 1930.
  9. ^ "The Hotspur". The Hotspur. No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 1 September 1933). 2 September 1933.
  10. ^ McAleer (1992), pp. 168–9: "According to [George Moonie]: 'We really had to gear [to] the English market because that's where the readership lay. If you look at the middle belt of England, the industrial belt—Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Manchester, Nottingham, Northampton—these places, very heavily populated, [were] your first target.'"
  11. ^ McAleer (1992), p. 170
  12. ^ McNab, Tom (23 September 2014). "Boys' comics of the 1940s – The Wonderful World of William Wilson – Saga". www.saga.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  13. ^ a b 80 Years (2018), p. 14.
  14. ^ History of The Beano (2008), p. 12.
  15. ^ a b c d Moore, Ray (October 2006). "JUST THE TICKET OR A SLAP-UP FEED! THE STORY OF HOW THE DANDY AND BEANO GOT THEIR NAMES" (PDF). Phil Comics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2010.
  16. ^ a b 80 Years (2018), p. 7.
  17. ^ Barnes, Albert, ed. (4 December 1937). "The Dandy". The Dandy Comic. No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
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  19. ^ 80 Years (2018), pp. 8–9.
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  22. ^ a b c Watkins, Dudley D. (11 February 1928). "Morgyn the Mighty". The Rover. No. 304. D.C. Thomson & Co.
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  24. ^ "[Crackers]". Crackers. No. 1. Amalgamated Press. 22 January 1929.
  25. ^ "Buster, Linda and Pip in Riverside Fun!". Sparkler. No. 142. Amalgamated Press. 3 July 1937.
  26. ^ "Don and Doris Have Another School Holiday/Tiny Timothy, the Smallest Boy in the World". Puck. No. 1717. Amalgamated Press (published 22 June 1937). 26 June 1937.
  27. ^ McAleer (1992), p. 171
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  36. ^ a b Fair, Sam (28 December 1940). Gilchrist, Stuart (ed.). "Musso the Wop". The Beano Comic. No. 127. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  37. ^ Glass, Jack (29 June 1940). Gilchrist, Stuart (ed.). "Down With Lord Haw-Haw". The Beano Comic. No. 101. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
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  40. ^ McNeill, Hugh (18 November 1939). Moonie, George (ed.). "Pansy Potter". The Beano Comic. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
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  46. ^ a b Watkins, Dudley D. (19 February 1949). Moonie, George (ed.). "Jack Flash the Flying Boy". The Beano Comic. No. 355. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  47. ^ Law, Davey (17 March 1951). Moonie, George (ed.). "Dennis the Menace". The Beano. No. 452. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  48. ^ Baxendale, Leo (19 December 1953). Moonie, George (ed.). "Minnie the Minx". The Beano. No. 596. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  49. ^ Baxendale, Leo (13 February 1954). Moonie, George (ed.). "When the Bell Rings". The Beano. No. 604. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  50. ^ Reid, Ken (18 April 1953). Moonie, George (ed.). "Roger the Dodger". The Beano. No. 561. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  51. ^ "The Beezer". The Beezer. No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. 21 January 1956.
  52. ^ "The Topper". The Topper. No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 7 February 1953). 6 February 1953.
  53. ^ History of The Beano (2008), p. 115.
  54. ^ Cramond, Harold, ed. (11 October 1975). "General Jumbo". The Beano. No. 1734. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  55. ^ 80 Years (2018), p. 36.
  56. ^ History of The Beano (2008), p. 231.
  57. ^ History of The Beano (2008), p. 160.
  58. ^ "Beano and Dandy trading website". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  59. ^ Cramond, Harold, ed. (10 September 1961). "The Beano". The Beano. No. 1000. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  60. ^ a b Cramond, Harold, ed. (15 November 1980). "The Beano". The Beano. No. 2000. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  61. ^ 80 Years (2018), p. 46.
  62. ^ History of The Beano (2008), p. 249.
  63. ^ Kerr, Euan, ed. (3 September 1988). "The Beano". The Beano. No. 2407. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  64. ^ Kerr, Euan, ed. (16 October 1993). "[The Beano]". The Beano. No. 2674. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  65. ^ Anderson, John, ed. (26 May 2018). "Roger the Dodger in... Dodge SOLO! A Beanotown story". Beano. No. 3936. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 23 May 2018).
  66. ^ Anderson, John, ed. (3 August 2019). "Fame at Last!". Beano. No. 3996. DC Thomson (published 31 July 2019).
  67. ^ "Banana Banned!". Beano. No. 3940. DC Thomson (published 20 June 2018). 23 June 2018.
  68. ^ Stringer, Lew (29 January 2014). "Lew Stringer Comics: Rasher Returns". Lew Stringer Comics. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021. The Beano is published every Wednesday, priced £2 for 36 full colour pages.
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  70. ^ Parkinson, Nigel (28 September 2011). "D C Thomson day again". Nigel Parkinson CARTOONS. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
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  73. ^ History of The Beano (2008), pp. 304–337.
  74. ^ a b Parkinson, Nigel (16 June 2011). "Uh Oh". Nigel Parkinson CARTOONS. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  75. ^ Moore, Roy (1991). The Beano Diaries (limited ed.). Ilford, Essex: British Comic World. p. V. As it would be impossible to list them all, no attempt has been made to list artists who 'ghosted' or stood in on strips when the strip's regular artists was absent.
  76. ^ a b c d History of The Beano (2008), p. 292.
  77. ^ a b Jacobs, Emma (24 July 2017). "The Beano enters the digital age". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  78. ^ Stringer, Lew (2 March 2016). "BLIMEY! The Blog of British Comics: Credit where credit's due". BLIMEY! The Blog of British Comics. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  79. ^ History of The Beano (2008), p. 210.
  80. ^ Cramond, Harold, ed. (30 September 1961). "Paddy's Private Army". The Beano (Adventure strip). No. 1002. Illustrated by James "Peem" Walker. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 28 September 1961).
  81. ^ Cramond, Harold, ed. (16 January 1960). "The Laughing Pirate". The Beano (Adventure strip). No. 913. Illustrated by Vitor Peon. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 14 January 1960).
  82. ^ Cramond, Harold, ed. (14 November 1959). "Pete of the Spitfires". The Beano (Adventure strip). No. 904. Illustrated by Michael Darling. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 12 November 1959).
  83. ^ Brennan, Paddy (19 September 1953). Moonie, George (ed.). "General Jumbo". The Beano (Adventure strip). No. 584. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 17 September 1953).
  84. ^ Watkins, Dudley D. (24 March 1945). Gilchrist, Stuart (ed.). "Six Brands For Bonnie Price Charlie". The Beano Comic. No. 254. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 22 March 1945).
  85. ^ Watkins, Dudley D. (27 February 1943). Gilchrist, Stuart (ed.). "The Shipwrecked Circus". The Beano Comic. No. 200. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 25 February 1943).
  86. ^ Moonie, George, ed. (5 January 1952). "Runaway Jack". The Beano (Adventure strip). No. 494. Illustrated by Bill Holroyd. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 3 January 1952).
  87. ^ Moonie, George, ed. (16 January 1954). "Get Rid of the Runaway Twins". The Beano (Adventure strip). No. 600. Illustrated by James "Peem" Walker. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 14 January 1954).
  88. ^ Moonie, George, ed. (30 July 1938). "Wild Boy of the Woods". The Beano Comic (Adventure strip). No. 1. Illustrated by Richard "Toby" Baines. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 26 July 1938).
  89. ^ Moonie, George, ed. (30 July 1938). "Morgyn the Mighty". The Beano Comic (Adventure strip). No. 1. George "Dod" Anderson. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 26 July 1938).
  90. ^ Moonie, George, ed. (7 June 1952). "Red Rory of the Eagles". The Beano (Adventure strip). No. 553. Illustrated by Paddy Brennan. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 5 June 1952).
  91. ^ History of The Beano (2008), pp. 138–140.
  92. ^ History of The Beano (2008), p. 50.
  93. ^ a b Moonie, George, ed. (30 July 1938). "The Ape's Secret". The Beano Comic (Prose story). No. 1. Illustrated by Richard "Toby" Baines. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 26 July 1938).
  94. ^ "Black Flash the Beaver". The Beano Comic. No. 1. Toby Baines (illustrator). 30 July 1938.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  95. ^ a b c "Follow the Secret Hand". The Beano Comic (Prose story). No. 69. Illustrated by Dudley D. Watkins. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 14 November 1939). 18 November 1939.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  96. ^ a b Moonie, George, ed. (22 January 1955). "Ace From Space". The Beano (Prose story). No. 653. Illustrated by Leo Baxendale. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 20 January 1955).
  97. ^ Watkins, Dudley D. (24 January 1948). Moonie, George (ed.). "Biffo the Bear". The Beano Comic. No. 327. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd.
  98. ^ Carter, Reg (30 July 1938). Moonie, George (ed.). "Big Eggo". The Beano Comic (Comic strip). No. 1. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (published 26 July 1938).
  99. ^ a b "The Totally Epic Dennis and the Chamber of Mischief Book Is Out Now!". beano.com. 2018. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019. When Beanotown suddenly becomes Boring-town Dennis decides to take action. Rediscovering the legendary Peashooter of Everlasting Fun is his only hope, even if it means he has to face the ferocious Gnashersaurus rex to do it! His quest leads him to the mysterious Chamber of Mischief, a tricky labyrinth of puzzles and games – which Dennis needs YOU to solve. Join Dennis, Gnasher, Minnie the Minx and Walter on this interactive adventure and help restore Beanotown's unpredictable awesomeness!
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  103. ^ Roland, Davies (30 July 1938). Moonie, George (ed.). "Whoopee Hank – The Slap-Dash Sheriff". The Beano Comic. No. 1 (published 26 July 1938).
  104. ^ "Sparky's Space Helmet". The Beano. No. 855. 6 December 1958.
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  111. ^ "Billy the Cat, and Katie". The Beano. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. 1 December 1973.
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  119. ^ "Pom-Pom (The Boy Who Brightens Darkest Africa)". The Beano. No. 817. D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. 15 March 1958.
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  135. ^ See Lord Snooty#The new friends from 1950 onwards.
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  163. ^ Freeman, John (17 March 2021). "Happy Birthday, Dennis (the Menace)! Beano Celebrates a special 70th Anniversary (plus, 70 facts about the comic rebel)". downthetubes.net. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
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  165. ^ Diamond, Drew (15 November 2023). "Leah Williamson guest edits Beano for 70th anniversary of Minnie the Minx". Her Football Hub. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
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  167. ^ 80 Years (2018), p. 80.
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Bibliography

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