Timeline of Bern
The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Bern, Switzerland.
Prior to 19th century
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- 2nd-3rd century CE - Roman settlement abandoned.[1]
- 1191 - Bern set up as military outpost by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.[2]
- 1218 - Bern becomes a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.[3]
- 1219 - Zytglogge (tower) built.[1]
- 1223 - Theto von Ravensburg becomes Schultheiss von Bern.
- 1256 - Käfigturm (tower) built.
- 1259 - First mention of Jews in Bern.[4]
- 1268 - Nydegg Castle demolished (approximate date).
- 1270 - Felsenburg (castle) built (approximate date).
- 1285 - Predigerkirche (Bern) (church) built.[1]
- 1289 - April: Battle of Schosshalde takes place; Bern successfully resisted Rudolph of Hapsburg.[3]
- 1298
- 1331-1333 - Gümmenenkrieg (Fribourg-Bern war).
- 1339 - Battle of Laupen.[2]
- 1345 - Golatenmatttor (tower) built.[citation needed]
- 1346
- Black Death plague.[2]
- Äussere Neustadt area developed.
- Christoffelturm (tower) and Nydeggkirche (church) built.
- 1348-49 - Pogroms and persecution of the Jews in Bern following the Black Death.[5]
- 1353 - Canton of Bern joins the Swiss Confederacy.[6][7]
- 1380 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[8]
- 1383-1384 - Burgdorferkrieg (Kyberg-Bern war) takes place in the County of Burgundy.
- 1406 - Construction begins of current Town hall of Bern.[7]
- 1417 - Bern Town Hall (town hall) built.[1]
- 1421 - Bern Munster construction begins.[7]
- 1430 - Konrad Justinger writes Chronik der Stadt Bern, a history of the city.
- 1470 - Tschachtlanchronik (Bern history) compiled.
- 1489 - Untertorbrücke (bridge) built.
- 1494 - Antoniterkirche (Bern) (church) rebuilt.
- 1513 - Town begins to keep bears in the Bärenplatz.[7]
- 1525 - Printing press in operation.[9]
- 1528 - Bern Disputation.
- 1530 - Astronomical clock installed in the Zytglogge.[1]
- 1532 - Bernese Synod adopted.[10]
- 1543 - Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Bern) (fountain) erected on Gerechtigkeitsgasse.
- 1544 - Simsonbrunnen (fountain) erected.
- 1546 - Fountains Anna-Seiler-Brunnen (on Marktgasse) and Pfeiferbrunnen (on Spitalgasse) erected.
- 1573 - Munster construction ends.[7]
- 1615 - Schallenhaus (prison) in operation.[citation needed]
- 1689 - newspaper Gazette de Berne starts to be printed.[11]
- 1700 - Population: 14,219.[12]
- 1718 - Kornhaus (Bern) (granary) built.[1]
- 1720 - Bern banking crisis of 1720[13]
- 1729 - Church of the Holy Ghost, Bern rebuilt.[1]
- 1752 - Erlacherhof (mansion) built.[1]
- 1759 - Ökonomische Gesellschaft (scientific society) founded.[14]
- 1798 - 5 March: Battle of Grauholz takes place in canton; French in power.[6]
- 1799 - Stämpfli (publisher) in business.[1]
19th century
[edit]- 1803 - City library active.[15]
- 1815 - Bernischen Musikgesellschaft (music society) founded.[16]
- 1817 - Rathaus zum Äusseren Stand (government building) rebuilt.
- 1818 - Population: 18,997.[12]
- 1830 - Eidgenössisches Schützenfest held in Bern.
- 1832
- Karl Zeerleder becomes mayor.
- Canton becomes administratively independent of city.[1]
- 1834 - University of Bern established.[7]
- 1837 - Population: 24,362.[12]
- 1844 - Nydeggbrücke (bridge) built.
- 1846
- Jews granted freedom of establishment in the canton.[17]
- Historical Society of the Canton of Bern founded.[18]
- 1848 - Bern becomes capital of Switzerland.[3][7]
- 1850
- 1851 - Tiefenaubrücke (bridge) built.
- 1857 - Federal Palace of Switzerland[1] and Bärengraben (bear pit) built.
- 1858
- Bern railway station opens.
- Musikschule Konservatorium Bern founded.[16]
- 1863 - Bernischen Juristenverein (lawyers' association) founded.[2]
- 1864 - Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul, Bern built.[1]
- 1868 - Chocolat Tobler in business.
- 1874
- International Weltpostkongress 1874 (postal union meeting) held in Bern; "Treaty concerning the formation of a General Postal Union" signed.
- Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland headquartered in Bern.[20]
- 1877 - Bern Symphony Orchestra established.[21]
- 1879 - Conche machine invented by chocolate maker Rodolphe Lindt.
- 1880
- Engehalbinsel oppidum ruins discovered near city.[citation needed]
- Population: 44,087 in city; 471,991 in canton.[19]
- 1886 - International "Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works" signed in city.[3]
- 1888 - Berner Tramway-Gesellschaft founded.
- 1891
- August: 700th anniversary of city founding.[3]
- State Archive of Bern founded.
- 1893
- June: Labour unrest.[3]
- Johanneskirche (Bern) (church) built.
- Frauenkomitee Bern founded.
- 1894 - Bern Historical Museum built.
- 1900
- Städtische Strassenbahn Bern (public transit operator) and Gutenberg Museum (Bern)[3] established.
- Population: 64,227.[7]
20th century
[edit]- 1902 - Federal Palace of Switzerland building expanded.[7]
- 1903 - Albert Einstein moves into Einsteinhaus on Kramgasse.
- 1905
- St. Paul's Church, Bern built.
- Akademischer Alpenclub Bern (hiking club) formed.[22]
- 1906
- 1910
- Eidgenössisches Schützenfest and Swiss Aviation Exhibition held.[23]
- Population: 90,937 in city; 578,381 in canton.[19]
- 1914 - Schweizerische Landesausstellung 1914 (national exposition) held in Bern.
- 1915 - March: International socialist anti-war women's conference held in Bern.[24]
- 1918
- Elfenau park now belongs to city.[25]
- Haupt Verlag (publisher) in business.[4]
- 1919
- Bümpliz becomes part of city.[12]
- February: Second International conference held in Bern.[24]
- 1920 - Friedenskirche (Bern) (church) built.
- 1928 - Schweizeische Ausstellung für Frauenarbeit (women's rights event) held in Bern.
- 1929
- Bern Aerodrome begins operating.[23]
- Alpar AG airline headquartered in Bern.[23]
- 1930 - Population: 111,783 in city; 623,665 in canton.[19]
- 1933 - Bern Trial begins.
- 1936 - National Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents headquartered in Bern.[26]
- 1939
- Tierpark Dählhölzli (zoo) opens.[27]
- Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (history journal) in publication.[28]
- 1940 - Trolleybus begins operating.
- 1941- 1943 – The Bern group (Lados group) operates secretly to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.[29]
- 1947 - Städtische Verkehrsbetriebe Bern (public transit operator) established.
- 1949
- Zytglogge Theater founded.[30]
- Felsenaubrücke (bridge) and Petruskirche (Bern) (church) built.
- 1950 - Population: 146,499 in city; 731,550 in canton.[19]
- 1951 - Burgerbibliothek of Berne (public library) foundation established.[15]
- 1955 - February: The Romanian embassy is seized.
- 1963 - Camerata Bern founded.
- 1969 - Szeemann's art exhibit "provokes a national scandal."[31]
- 1970 - Population: 162,405 in city; 901,706 in canton.[19]
- 1977
- Gurtenfestival of music begins.
- Albert Einstein Society founded.
- 1979
- French-speaking Canton of Jura secedes from mostly German-speaking Canton of Bern.[32]
- Berner Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1982 - 6 September: Polish embassy occupied.[33]
- 1983 - Old City of Bern designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1]
- 1984 - Regional Transport Bern-Solothurn established.
- 1990 - March: Demonstration against federal government keeping secret files on citizens.[20]
- 1993 - Klaus Baumgartner becomes mayor.
- 1995
- Jewish religious community of Bern recognised under public law.[5]
- Bern S-Bahn railway in operation.
- 2000 - Population: 128,634 in city; 957,197 in canton.[19]
21st century
[edit]- 2002 - House of Religions founded.[1]
- 2004 - Buskers Bern Street Music Festival begins.[34]
- 2005
- Paul Klee Centre built.
- Alexander Tschäppät becomes mayor.
- 2007
- 4 August: Kulturzentrum Reithalle bombing.[35]
- October: Political unrest.[36]
- 2008 - June: UEFA Euro 2008 Group C football contest takes place in Bern.[37][38]
- 2009 - Bärengraben opens.[39]
- 2013 - Population: 137,980.[40]
See also
[edit]- History of Bern
- List of mayors of Bern
- List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Bern
- Timelines of other municipalities in Switzerland: Basel, Geneva, Zürich
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Leo Schelbert (2014). Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-3352-2.
- ^ a b c d Leo Schelbert (2014). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-3352-2.
- ^ a b c d e f Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Berne", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via HathiTrust
- ^ Wild, Matt, Dölf, Christoph Philipp (2005). "Zeugnisse jüdischen Lebens aus den mittelalterlichen Städten Zürich und Basel", in: Kunst und Architektur in der Schweiz. Synagogen 56:2. pp. 14–20.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "«Judentum», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2016".
- ^ a b "Bern (Kanton)" [Bern (canton)], Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German), retrieved 30 October 2015
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 795.
- ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ Glenn Ehrstine (2002). Theater, Culture, and Community in Reformation Bern: 1523 - 1555. Brill. ISBN 90-04-12353-9.
- ^ Ernst Bollinger: Gazette de Bern in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ a b c d "Bern (Gemeinde)" [Bern (municipality)], Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German), retrieved 30 September 2015
- ^ Linder, Nikolaus (2004). Die Berner Bankenkrise von 1720 und das Recht. Eine Studie zur Rechts-, Banken- und Finanzgeschichte der Alten Schweiz. Zürich: Schulthess Juristische Medien.
- ^ James E. McClellan (1985). Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.
- ^ a b Hans A. Michel (1985). "Das wissenschaftliche Bibliothekswesen Berns vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart". Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (in German) (47): 167–234 – via ETH-Bibliothek.
- ^ a b Gustav Grunau (1908). Gedenkschrift zum 50-jährigen Bestehen der Berner Musikschule (in German). Bern: Grunau.
- ^ "«Antisemitismus», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2009".
- ^ "Archiv des Historischen Vereins des Kantons Bern". DigiBern (in German). Universitätsbibliothek Bern. Retrieved 30 September 2015. (links to fulltext publications of the society)
- ^ a b c d e f g Evolution de la population des communes 1850-2000 (xls) (in French), Swiss Confederation, Federal Statistical Office, 2005
- ^ a b "Switzerland". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ^ A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal (177). UK. hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
- ^ a b c "History". Bern Airport. Flughafen Bern AG. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ a b James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1.
- ^ "Russische Fürstin wirkte Wunder in Bern", Berner Zeitung (in German), 15 September 2012
- ^ Andreas Ladner (2004). Stabilität und Wandel von Parteien und Parteiensystemen: Eine vergleichende Analyse von Konfliktlinien, Parteien und Parteiensystemen in den Schweizer Kantonen (in German). Springer Fachmedien. ISBN 978-3-322-80995-7.
- ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Switzerland (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ "Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte". DigiBern (in German). Universitätsbibliothek Bern. Retrieved 30 September 2015. (links to fulltext)
- ^ Lubrich, Naomi (2021). Pässe, Profiteure, Polizei. Ein Schweizer Kriegsgeheimnis. Passports, Profiteers, Police. A Swiss War Secret. Basel/ Biel: Edition Clandestin, Jüdisches Museum der Schweiz.
- ^ Don Rubin; et al., eds. (1994). "Switzerland". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Routledge. pp. 828+. ISBN 9780415251570.
- ^ "Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ "Switzerland Profile: Timeline", BBC News, 8 May 2012, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ^ "Polish rebels seize embassy in Bern", The New York Times, 7 September 1982
- ^ "Switzerland: Bern City Guide", Time Out, UK, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ^ "Sprengstoffanschlag auf Reitschule: Prozess könnte noch heuer stattfinden", Der Bund (in German), Bern, 25 June 2015
- ^ "Switzerland reeling as radicals create havoc at rightwing political rally", The Guardian, UK, 7 October 2007
- ^ Back to normality for Berne after Dutch invasion, Reuters, 10 June 2008
- ^ Berne police fired pellets on rowdy fans, Reuters, 12 June 2008
- ^ "Chronologie: Ein Park mit einem zehnjährigen Auf und Ab", Berner Zeitung (in German), 2 July 2010
- ^ "Bevölkerung", Jahrbuch 2014 (in German), Stadt Bern
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]in English
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Berne". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). p. 795.
- "Berne". Switzerland. Grieben's Guide Books (2nd ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1912. hdl:2027/uc1.$b264107.
in German
- Eduard von Rodt [in German] (1886). Bernische Stadtgeschichte (in German). Bern: Huber & Comp.
- Berchtold Weber (1976). Historisch-topographisches Lexikon der Stadt Bern (in German) – via DigiBern. (fulltext)
- Peter Meyer (ed.). Illustrierte Berner Enzyklopädie (in German) – via DigiBern. 1981-1987 (fulltext)
- J. Sulzer; et al. (1989). Stadtplanung in Bern (in German).
- "Festschrift zum 800-Jahr-Jubiläum der Stadt Bern". Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (in German) (53). 1991 – via ETH-Bibliothek. (fulltext)
- Ch. Lüthi; B. Meier, eds. (1998). Bern: eine Stadt bricht auf (in German).
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Bern.
- Bibliografie der Berner Geschichte [Bibliography of the History of Bern] (in German), Burgerbibliothek of Berne 1995–present
