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Typhoon Chaba (2016)

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This article is about the 2016 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see Typhoon Chaba and List of storms named Igme.

Typhoon Chaba (Igme)
Typhoon Chaba at peak intensity near Okinawa on October 3
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 24, 2016
DissipatedOctober 7, 2016
Violent typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds215 km/h (130 mph)
Lowest pressure905 hPa (mbar); 26.72 inHg
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds280 km/h (175 mph)
Lowest pressure911 hPa (mbar); 26.90 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities10 total
Damage$129 million
Areas affectedMariana Islands, South Korea, Japan, Russian Far East
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2016 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Chaba, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Igme, was the fourth most intense tropical cyclone in 2016 and the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in South Korea since Sanba in 2012. Chaba also caused 7 deaths in the country.[1] Typhoon Chaba was the eighteenth named storm and the eighth typhoon of the 2016 Pacific typhoon season. Chaba originated as a depression around the east-northeast of Guam. Being in a marginally favorable environment, JMA proceeds to name the system as Chaba. On September 28, JTWC gave its identifier as Tropical Depression 21W. Its LLCC starts to improve, prompting the JTWC to upgrade into a tropical storm. Chaba entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, receiving the name Igme as it moved northwestwards. Chaba became more symmetrical which later ensued its rapid intensification.

Chaba later reached the peak intensity of 1-minute sustained winds of 280 km/h (175 mph) and a central pressure of 911 hPa (26.90 inHg), equivalent to a Category-5 super typhoon. Shortly after this, Chaba began to weaken into a Category-4 typhoon as it moved over the Yellow Sea on October 4. At 10:00 a.m. KST (01:00 UTC), Chaba made landfall in Busan as a weakening Category-1 typhoon. Shortly after landfall, it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone which prompted the JMA to issue its final advisory.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 26, a tropical depression developed approximately 1,445 km (898 mi) east-northeast of Guam.[2] Despite a marginally favorable environment, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the system to a tropical storm and assigned it the name Chaba late the next day.[2][3] Early on September 28, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) gave the identifier of 21W.[4] Flaring convection and improved overall convective structure prompted the JTWC to upgrade it to a tropical storm.[5] By September 30, Chaba had intensified into a severe tropical storm after deep convection had evolved into a banding feature and very favorable conditions such as very low wind shear and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of about 30 degrees Celsius.[6][7] On October 1, Chaba entered the Philippine area of responsibility, with PAGASA assigning the local name Igme, as it started to move in a northwestward direction.[8] Several hours later, both agencies upgraded Chaba to a typhoon after its organization and structure had vastly improved.[9][10] During the next day, Chaba became more symmetric as feeder bands wrapped into its deep central convection, signalling the onset of explosive intensification.[11]

Continuing its strengthening trend, Chaba reached Category 5 super typhoon intensity with a sharp 5 nmi (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) wide eye surrounded by a very intense convective core due to very warm SSTs.[12] On October 3, Chaba reached its peak intensity with 10-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph), 1-minute sustained winds of 280 km/h (175 mph), and a minimum central pressure of 905 mbar.[13] Thereafter, the JTWC stated that Chaba began weakening, as its core became asymmetric,[14] and Chaba weakened to a strong Category 4 typhoon by October 4.[15] Later, significant weakening led the JTWC to downgrade Chaba further to a Category 2 typhoon, due to interaction with strong north-northeasterly winds.[16] At 10:00 a.m. KST (01:00 UTC), Chaba struck Geojedo and then made landfall in Busan an hour later with winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).[17] At that time, Chaba started to undergo extratropical transition and the JTWC issued its final advisory a few hours later, while downgrading the system to a tropical storm.[18][19] At the same time, the JMA downgraded Chaba to a severe tropical storm.[20] Six hours later, the JMA issued its final advisory, as Chaba became extratropical.[21]

Preparations and impact

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EVA Air and China Airlines canceled flights to Okinawa that had been scheduled for 3 October, which was the day the typhoon was forecast to impact Okinawa. EVA Air had previously been criticized for operating flights to destinations affected by typhoons a week earlier, when Typhoon Megi was affecting the region.[22]

The storm left widespread damage across the southern regions of South Korea, killing at least 7 and leaving 3 missing. Transportation was disrupted, with hundreds of flights canceled, while more than 220,000 households lost electricity. Chaba was the strongest typhoon to strike the country since Sanba in 2012,[23] and was the strongest October typhoon to hit Korea, establishing a new record for rainfall rate on Jeju Island.[24] Flooding was also reported in the southern South Korea cities of Ulsan, Gyeongju, and Busan.[25] Damages were reported at ₩143.3 billion (US$129 million).[26][27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Typhoon Chaba leaves 7 dead, 3 missing in southern S. Korea". Yonhap News. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Tropical Disturbance Summary". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 27 September 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  3. ^ "TS 1618 CHABA (1618) UPGRADED FROM TD". Japan Meteorological Agency. 27 September 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  4. ^ "Tropical Depression 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 001". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 28 September 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  5. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 06". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 29 September 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  6. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 08". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 29 September 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  7. ^ "STS 1618 CHABA (1618) UPGRADED FROM TS". Japan Meteorological Agency. 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  8. ^ "Severe Weather Bulletin #1: Severe Tropical Storm "IGME" (CHABA)". webcitation.org. PAGASA. 1 October 2016. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016.
  9. ^ "TY 1618 CHABA (1618) UPGRADED FROM STS". Japan Meteorological Agency. 1 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  10. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 15". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  11. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 17". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  12. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 22". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 3 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  13. ^ "TY 1618 CHABA (1618)". Japan Meteorological Agency. 3 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  14. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 23". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 3 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  15. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 25". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  16. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 28". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 4 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  17. ^ "제18호 태풍 차바(CHABA)의 특징" (Press release) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. 5 October 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
  18. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 29". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  19. ^ "Tropical Storm 21W (Chaba) Warning Nr 030". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  20. ^ "STS 1618 CHABA (1618) DOWNGRADED FROM TY". Japan Meteorological Agency. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  21. ^ "DEVELOPED LOW STS 1618 CHABA (1618)". Japan Meteorological Agency. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024.
  22. ^ Wang, Shu-fen; Kao, Evelyn (2 October 2016). "Taiwan cancels Monday flights to Okinawa due to Typhoone Chaba (update)". Focus Taiwan News Channel. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  23. ^ "Typhoon Chaba leaves seven dead, three missing in S. Korea". Malay Mail. 7 October 2016.
  24. ^ Hong, Jun-ki (6 October 2016). "Typhoon Chaba Sets New Records". The Chosun Ilbo. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  25. ^ Wheeler, Alex (7 October 2016). "Typhoone Chaba batters South Korea leaving hundreds homeless and seven dead". International Business Times. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  26. ^ Yoon Hee-hee (11 October 2016). "태풍 '차바' 손보사 손해액 1400억 넘어". The Hankyoreh. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  27. ^ "Global Catastrophe Recap October 2016" (PDF). thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com. Aon Benfield. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
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