User:Florin Talasman/Military ranks in Romania
Military ranks are the steps in the military hierarchy through which a person in the armed forces can be promoted from private to the rank of general or admiral.
In Romania, the military rank is a right of the holder and represents social recognition of the quality of a military personnel [1]. Professional soldiers constitute a distinct body of military personnel, recruited on the basis of a fixed-term contract and located at the base of the military hierarchy, their activity being regulated by other normative acts [2].
Advancement in rank is not similar to the awarding of military ranks in the armies of other states in view of the fact that, in some cases, the criterion for awarding these ranks is the completion of the minimum period of service in the rank [3] or the age of the soldier at the time of enlistment, and not the attributions that may derive from the responsibilities of the function which is equivalent to the degree. Carrying out the minimum internship in the rank implies the passing of a minimum period of time to be advanced to the next rank without actively fulfilling other conditions but only passively not to violate provisions regarding the conduct of the military. Advancement in rank does not automatically lead to promotion, just as promotion in the chain of command does not automatically imply advancement in rank.
Paradoxically, sometimes a higher grade occupies a lower position than a lower grade [4] (ex: a unit commander may be lower in rank than his deputy [4] ). In this case, the meaning of the term military hierarchy is no longer respected.
Officers and non-commissioned officers (NCO) can hold the same positions regardless of their rank. These positions therefore have generic names such as "specialist officer", "principal technical NCO" or "principal operational NCO" [5] to cover a wide range of military ranks.
Military personnel in Romania are not only the prerogative of the Ministry of National Defense. The staff of the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (military firefighters), the Gendarmerie, the staff of the Protection and Guard Service and the Romanian Intelligence Service are made up of soldiers. Within the Ministry of Justice, at the level of the Prosecutor's Office attached to the High Court of Cassation and Justice, the Section of Military Prosecutor’s Offices operates, which also includes military personnel.
Although they are similar in terms of hierarchical organization and mode of representation, the insignia of civil servants with special status in the national public order system do not represent military ranks.
Hierarchy
[edit]In Romania, the names of the degrees in recent years have been changed as follows (see the bibliography):* În 1972 prin Legea nr. 14/1972;
- In 1972 by Law no. 14/1972;
- In 1995 by Law no. 80/1995;
- In 2004 by GEO no. 4/2004;
- In 2006 by Law no. 384/2006 regarding the status of professional soldiers and non-commissioned officers.
Land Forces
[edit]Commissioned Officers
[edit]Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers
[edit]Air Forces
[edit]Commissioned Officers
[edit]Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers
[edit]Naval Forces
[edit]Commissioned Officers
[edit]Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers
[edit]Military ranks in the Romanian army (previous names in parentheses: † 1995, ‡ 1972)
[edit]Corp | Land Forces | Air Forces | Naval forces | Military insignia | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generali și amirali | General (General de armată†) (General de armată‡) |
General (General inspector†) |
Amiral (Amiral†) (-‡) |
Patru stele | |
General-locotenent (General de corp de armată†) (General-colonel‡) |
General-locotenent (General-comandor†) |
Viceamiral (Viceamiral-comandor†) (Amiral‡) |
Trei stele | ||
General-maior (General de divizie†) (General-locotenent‡) |
General-maior (General de divizie aeriană†) |
Contraamiral (Viceamiral†) (Viceamiral‡) |
Două stele | ||
General de brigadă (General de brigadă†) (General-maior‡) |
General de flotilă aeriană (General de flotilă aeriană†) |
Contraamiral de flotilă (Contraamiral†) (Contraamiral‡) |
O stea | ||
Ofițeri | Colonel | Comandor | Comandor (Căpitan de rangul I‡) |
Trei trese și un galon | |
Locotenent-colonel | Căpitan-comandor | Căpitan-comandor (Căpitan de rangul II‡) |
Două trese și un galon | ||
Maior | Locotenent-comandor | Locotenent-comandor (Căpitan de rangul III‡) |
O tresă și un galon | ||
Căpitan | Căpitan | Căpitan (Căpitan locotenent‡) |
Trei trese | ||
(Locotenent major)‡ | (Locotenent major)‡ | (Locotenent major)‡ | |||
Locotenent | Locotenent | Locotenent | Două trese | ||
Sublocotenent | Sublocotenent | Aspirant | O tresă | ||
Maiștri militari | Maistru militar principal | Un galon plus cinci galoane drepte | |||
Maistru militar cl. I | Un galon plus patru galoane drepte | ||||
Maistru militar cl. II | Un galon plus trei galoane drepte | ||||
Maistru militar cl. III | Un galon plus două galoane drepte | ||||
Maistru militar cl. IV | Un galon plus un galon drept | ||||
Maistru militar cl. V | Un galon | ||||
Subofițeri | Plutonier-adjutant principal | Trei galoane de 16 mm și unul de 10 mm | |||
Plutonier-adjutant | Trei galoane de 16 mm | ||||
Plutonier-major | Două galoane de 16 mm și unul de 10 mm | ||||
Plutonier | Două galoane de 16 mm | ||||
Sergent-major | Un galon de 16 mm și unul de 10 | ||||
Sergent[6] | Un galon de 20 mm | ||||
Gradați | Caporal armata clasa I | Trei V-uri[R 1], o coroană[R 2] | |||
Caporal armata clasa a II-a | Trei V-uri | ||||
Caporal armata clasa a III-a | Două V-uri | ||||
Fruntaș | Un V | ||||
Soldați | Soldat | No military insignia |
References regarding military ranks
- Remarks
- For paratroopers, the ranks are the same as for the land forces.
- Warrant officers are assimilated to non-commissioned officers.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Art. 3 of Law 80/1995 on the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Law no. 384 of October 10, 2006 regarding the status of professional soldiers Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Art. 94 of Law 80/1995 on the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Example of reverse hierarchy". Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
- ^ "Titles of functions not associated with military ranks" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
- ^ The military rank of sergeant is not provided for in the legislation in force
Bibliography
[edit]- Law no. 80 of July 11, 1995 regarding the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine, published in the Official Gazette, Part I no. 155 of July 20, 1995
- "Government Emergency Ordinance no. 4/2004 regarding the amendment of art. 2 of L 80/1995 (unification of titles)"., approved by Law no. 182/2004, published in M.Of. 220/March 12, 2004
- Transcript of GEO approval no. 4/2004
- Law no. 14 of Dec 28, 1972 concerning the organization of the national defense of the Socialist Republic of Romania published in B.Of. no. 160/December 29, 1972
- The insignia of the military ranks
- Album of military ranks
- Apostu, Nicu (1999). Mareșalii României [Marshals of Romania] (in Romanian). Bucharest: Publishing House of the Academy of Advanced Military Studies. ISBN 9789739324205. OCLC 895695789.
- "Order of the Minister of National Defense no. M-72 of July 9, 2012 for the approval of the Regulation regarding the description, composition and peacetime wearing of the military uniforms of the personnel of the Ministry of National Defense"., published in M.Of. 497/2012
- The Military Career Guide
- "Law no. 384 of October 10, 2006 regarding the status of professional soldiers"., published in M.Of. 868/2006
External links
[edit]- "Grade militare (Military ranks)". defense.ro (in Romanian). Romanian Defence Staff. Retrieved 1 February 2021.