User:Kotek20/sandbox
Braille charts[edit]
Onsets[edit]
The first cell indicates the initial, generally in dots 1 to 4, and the medial in dots 5 and 6. This design exploits restrictions on co-occurrence of initials and medials to fit all the allowable combinations in a single cell.
The medial -i- is represented by dot 5 (⠐), the medial -u- by dot 6 (⠠), and the medial -ü- by both dots 5 and 6 (⠰). The z c s series is derived from zh ch sh as if they contained a -i- medial; these two series are not distinguished in many Mandarin dialects.
A null/zero initial (a vowel-initial syllable) is indicated with the null consonant ⠾.
![]() – |
![]() b- |
![]() p- |
![]() m- |
![]() f- |
![]() d- |
![]() t- |
![]() n- |
![]() l- |
![]() g- |
![]() k- |
![]() h- |
![]() zh- |
![]() ch- |
![]() sh- |
![]() r- |
![]() y- |
![]() bi- |
![]() pi- |
![]() mi- |
![]() di- |
![]() ti- |
![]() ni- |
![]() li- |
![]() ji- |
![]() qi- |
![]() xi- |
![]() z- |
![]() c- |
![]() s- |
||
![]() w- |
![]() du- |
![]() tu- |
![]() nu- |
![]() lu- |
![]() gu- |
![]() ku- |
![]() hu- |
![]() zhu- |
![]() chu- |
![]() shu- |
![]() ru- | ||||
![]() yu- |
![]() nü- |
![]() lü- |
![]() ju- |
![]() qu- |
![]() xu- |
![]() zu- |
![]() cu- |
![]() su- |
At least one letter in each place of articulation comes from international use (⠖ f, ⠞ ti, ⠇ l, ⠅ k, ⠓ xi, ⠉ zh), with at least some of the others derived from these (cf. ⠅⠃⠁ k h g and ⠍⠋⠉ ch sh zh).
Rimes[edit]
The second cell represents the rime, generally in the top half of the cell, and the tone, generally in dots 3 and 6.
Tone 1 (mā) is indicated by dot 3 (⠄), tone 2 (má) by dot 6 (⠠), and tone 3 (mǎ) by dots 3 and 6 (⠤). (In rime -ei, which already contains a dot 3, the dot 3 for tones 1 and 3 is replaced by dot 5 (⠐ or ⠰).) Tone 4 (mà) and neutral/toneless syllables use the basic rime.
A null/zero rime (a syllable ending with medial i u ü) is written with ⠃.
- ⠃ is the 'zero' rime transcribed as -i after z c s zh ch sh r in pinyin; here it's also used to carry the tone for syllables where the medial is the rime, such as gu or mi. After b p m f, it is equivalent to pinyin -u.
- ⠒ is transcribed in pinyin as o after b p m f w and the medial u; otherwise it's e.
The rime er is written as if it were *ra; this is possible because *ra is not a possible syllable in Mandarin. At the end of a word, ⠔ -r is erhua, as in ⠣⠞⠔ huār (花儿). Within a word, hyphenate erhua (⠔⠤) to avoid confusion with an initial r- in the following syllable.
The exclamation ê is ⠐⠊,[dubious – discuss] yo is ⠈⠊, and o is ⠠⠊, with appropriate modification for tone.